tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69055060707181583682024-03-24T18:32:23.824-05:00Quixotic JoustI'm forever chasing windmills.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger187125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-16678630950313546952022-05-28T16:03:00.004-05:002022-05-28T16:10:15.029-05:00The Uvalde Connection to JFK Assassination<p>Back in 2015 (already seven years ago), I was following up for my own interest what I'd learned about Red Bird Airport in Dallas from Daniel Hopsicker's book, <a href="https://www.madcowprod.com/2013/11/20/barry-seal-the-cias-secret-camp-in-lacombe-the-jfk-assassination/" target="_blank"><i>Barry and 'the Boys'</i></a>. So much has happened since that time. I've gotten a lot older for one thing. </p><p>Events keep happening that remind me of work I did that I never finished. The Uvalde Shooting was the recent event that reminded me of a project I started in 2015 and never finished. Here it is.<br /><br /> </p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i><b>Dan Rather Got His Start in Uvalde</b></i></span><br />
</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD_AuvOUHH-w9QAWLagefn9FZPk4Ts1o9_xrOrX4h1Sua0y_Sl7hk-GyNOZnEhe3kruBIE8_b3S_O_S7YqHEh7kmGmsYn5nrMeV1yAFrwLUckOvFE2-TI8F1r7TEtGFLY2MuLUMBNq6hQFkn2RUefoU1k22u_7titbk6pU6VCbJKzTwTndREgvmtVbqA/s332/John-Nance-Garner.webp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="332" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD_AuvOUHH-w9QAWLagefn9FZPk4Ts1o9_xrOrX4h1Sua0y_Sl7hk-GyNOZnEhe3kruBIE8_b3S_O_S7YqHEh7kmGmsYn5nrMeV1yAFrwLUckOvFE2-TI8F1r7TEtGFLY2MuLUMBNq6hQFkn2RUefoU1k22u_7titbk6pU6VCbJKzTwTndREgvmtVbqA/w200-h151/John-Nance-Garner.webp" width="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Nance Garner<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Our <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/04/etiology-of-red-bird-getaway-plane-story.html" target="_blank">last post</a>, which began with Dallas' Red Bird Airport, ended with the intimation that former U.S. Speaker of the House and Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner had unseen political power that might be worth researching. As it turns out, the prickly politician also had a strange connection to the assassination of John Kennedy. He was the last person to talk to the President by telephone the morning of the assassination, made by the President at <a href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20100596,00.html" target="_blank">10:15 a.m</a>. from his Fort Worth hotel following an outdoor breakfast reception held in the rain. </p><p>In 1988 <i>People Magazine</i>'s coverage on the anniversary of the assassination included this paragraph:<br />
</p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: #666666;">An eager young television correspondent, Dan Rather, 32, is CBS News bureau chief in New Orleans. He has been assigned to set up the network's coverage of the President's visit to Texas, and after working through the night, he had been given an urgent, unrelated request. The CBS Evening News, with its anchorman, Walter Cronkite, has recently been expanded from 15 minutes to a half hour, and the editors were concerned about not having enough material to fill out the broadcast. At the last minute they called Rather and asked him to cover John Garner's birthday. </span></span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyWXBVwcEIHkUwLJ568RraZt5ZgooE4XeF0izTXOUUGgNF2bzsIdkYrtva2CnF4E5JY-0rlYeq9MNpMsZK-zhGYof_FYMbr3wVqHVRKafIKQX71KYrvBKfHyFXyNgwPJgx7oArx_MDa6Y8P_ZiE67FemQJk-EJvZe4GmEer7TVqesA6rU27TRKSVqm4g/s574/Dan%20Rather.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="555" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyWXBVwcEIHkUwLJ568RraZt5ZgooE4XeF0izTXOUUGgNF2bzsIdkYrtva2CnF4E5JY-0rlYeq9MNpMsZK-zhGYof_FYMbr3wVqHVRKafIKQX71KYrvBKfHyFXyNgwPJgx7oArx_MDa6Y8P_ZiE67FemQJk-EJvZe4GmEer7TVqesA6rU27TRKSVqm4g/w193-h200/Dan%20Rather.jpg" width="193" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Young Dan Rather<br /></td></tr></tbody></table>After flying at first light from Dallas to Garner's ranch in a <i>small charter plane</i>, Rather and his cameramen filmed an interview as Garner came out on his porch to greet Miss West Texas Wool and have his picture taken with her. As Rather looked on, the elder statesman, holding a glass of bourbon in one hand, reached over to pat Miss West Texas Wool on the backside with the other. Now, back in Dallas, Rather smiles as he remembers the scene.</span></span> </blockquote><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizE8_yjxHYOpxR6-ae6sv9IBowJVaXSnUbovxybHuVhDXVSgUpda0ZkFjiUm2kIwdx6bziv49J0MWfJLaYZydet4SZeeeKGxy0QnkxcV7F3w6mA2F6EBt6_MY9NRMC4nz0F8ua1Kt686YswqlnweS-RI8GQkieamUwjvFNWNiXs3_aQz-WFX9YfMctNg/s602/Miss%20Wool.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="446" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizE8_yjxHYOpxR6-ae6sv9IBowJVaXSnUbovxybHuVhDXVSgUpda0ZkFjiUm2kIwdx6bziv49J0MWfJLaYZydet4SZeeeKGxy0QnkxcV7F3w6mA2F6EBt6_MY9NRMC4nz0F8ua1Kt686YswqlnweS-RI8GQkieamUwjvFNWNiXs3_aQz-WFX9YfMctNg/w148-h200/Miss%20Wool.png" width="148" /></a></div>Miss West Texas Wool for 1963-64 was Peggye Nan McNair, then a young college student at Midwestern University in Wichita Falls. Garner's 95th birthday was the reason Dan Rather gave for his being on the scene in Dallas on that same fateful day--although his autobiography referred to it as his 98th birthday. But we didn't get a chance to interview that year's Miss Wool about whether she remembered Dan Rather being at the birthday party. Her <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2905132/Farm-owner-73-man-53-trampled-death-camel-Texas-aggressive-charged-them.html" target="_blank">death was reported</a> in January 2015 after she and a colleague were trampled to death by camels.
<p></p><p>Rather's book relates that he had set up a new CBS southwestern bureau in Dallas the previous year, and had only recently been reassigned to organize the southern bureau chief in New Orleans (which eventually replaced both the Dallas and Atlanta offices). Having moved his family only that month to Louisiana, Rather would not have made a trip to Dallas, but for the request to fly out to <b>Uvalde</b> that morning to film Garner's birthday celebration, complete with the nineteen-year-old beauty queen. According to Rather (and Hershowitz):<br />
</p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Miss Texas Wool was waiting on the veranda when Garner made his appearance shortly after breakfast. He had a shot of bourbon in one hand and he tried to pat Miss Texas Wool on the fanny with the other, as only Cactus Jack could do. And that was how I happened to be in Dallas at midmorning, delivering an interview we had filmed on the occasion of a former Vice-President's ninety-eighth [sic] birthday, the morning of the day that John F. Kennedy would be murdered. </span>[ <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0688031846/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0688031846&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=DIZP5XBCV6CHMKZQ">The Camera Never Blinks</a></i> (1976), p. 113]</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><br />
</span></blockquote><p>
Louis Baldwin, author of <i>Turning Points: Pivotal Moments in the Careers of 83 Famous Figures</i>,
at page 167, repeated Rather's error, while also making a few more, in attempting to explain how Rather
happened to be in Dealy Plaza and to be the first reporter to announce
that JFK was indeed dead.</p><p>Baldwin made the mistaken assumption that Rather visited Garner in Dallas, where President Kennedy "was scheduled to visit during his brief stay in Dallas." [Baldwin, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ElUgVxFWBcoC&q=garner#v=snippet&q=garner&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Turning Points</i></a>, page 167.] The actual distance by interstate highway, which was not complete in 1963, is just over 360 miles. Rather stated in his book that he flew to Uvalde. He doesn't say from where, only that his planning work had been done from New Orleans--about 650 miles from Garner's ranch--and that the only reason he ended up in Dallas that day was to drop off the film from the Garner interview. He added that he was not assigned to cover the events as a reporter, but only as an editor of the film drops. Nevertheless, the weekend coverage was replete with the face of Dan Rather. David Von Pein, <a href="http://jfk-archives.blogspot.com/2013/09/jfk-assassination-arguments-part-430.html" target="_blank">lone-nut advocate</a>, can be commended, if not for his erroneous conclusions, for at least posting the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=082eITpBB40" target="_blank">KRLD radio</a> and television coverage of that day at his Y<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/DavidVonPeinJFK" target="_blank">ou Tube channel</a>.<br />
</p><div>
According to <a href="https://cbsnewsandjfkcommentary.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">CBS News and JFK Transcripts</a>, Dan Rather did at least mention Garner's birthday in passing, as he reported:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_YGJ_7FzID-NoCwCtB9zr0iBCGck68V9a7FzCLeTSbNjcVBs6X9tiFC2ogf-3EP57gggAibQuP7h1ZBO-gBwDvngbILvTx8ZJqZUCdh6qduMD1NNqCYMRovSWSmDW-fjKHJguxjn7TXXV/s1600/Dan-Rather-in-1963.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_YGJ_7FzID-NoCwCtB9zr0iBCGck68V9a7FzCLeTSbNjcVBs6X9tiFC2ogf-3EP57gggAibQuP7h1ZBO-gBwDvngbILvTx8ZJqZUCdh6qduMD1NNqCYMRovSWSmDW-fjKHJguxjn7TXXV/s1600/Dan-Rather-in-1963.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: #666666;"><i>Dan Rather</i>: The body is now now on route by plane to Washington. Also on route to Washington is the 36th President of the United States Lyndon Baines Johnson. It was quite a crowd at the Parkland Hospital about this time when the President’s body was taken away, but most of the crowd was away from that particular section of the hospital.<br />
<br />
Earlier today down in Uvalde, Texas Former Vice President John Nance Garner celebrated his 95th birthday. Mr. Garner refused to grant any <i>interview as such</i> but in the course of a conversation with reporters this was some two hours before President Kennedy was shot and killed in Dallas. Former Vice President under Franklin Roosevelt John Nance Garner said he felt that President Kennedy might become one of the great Presidents of this country. Former Vice President Garner a long time friend of Lyndon Johnson. [President Kennedy called him with birthday wishes, from Fort Worth at 10:15.] </span></blockquote>
<a href="https://spartacus-educational.com/JFKjonesP.htm" target="_blank"><i>Midlothian Mirror</i></a> owner, <a href="https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/62775805/forgive-my-grief-volume-1-by-penn-jones-1966" target="_blank">Penn Jones, Jr</a>., who reviewed Rather's book, stated:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Rather reports he went to Uvalde, Texas for an after-breakfast meeting with former Vice President John Nance Garner at his home there, but he doesn't mention the distances involved. He does not bother to tell his readers it was a six hundred mile round trip and that he was back in Dallas before the President's parade. That kind of timing would have required a jet, we think. Whose jet, Rather didn't say.</span></span></blockquote>
<br /> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><i><b>But for That Uvalde Interview...</b></i></span><br />
<br />
After his reporting on Hurricane Carla in 1961, Rather was hired for a six-months "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Rather" target="_blank">trial initiation</a>" in New York City, beginning around March 1, 1962. The result was he was that at the end of that trial he was sent to Dallas as CBS Southwest Bureau Chief. One year later he was promoted to head the Southern Bureau in New Orleans. Yet he returned from New Orleans to Dallas to report on the President's visit there in late November of 1963. Why?</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><br />
We have to wonder who at CBS assigned him to go to Uvalde to
interview Cactus Jack Nance. Who wanted that filmed interview delivered
to Dallas? Why, if his job finished was after delivering the film, did he have a film
crew available when he accidentally witnessed the assassination?</div><div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVv2Yuc2VBKy0oHT0ghw4o8P-1ihpYvOYF9fjVc5W4864oB4xpE-uMhVnDF5k02GTo3KNLRK84qO_qRTJ3adITe6ev0ljutZj372t7EV-YHr_8Pj5Nb1ZgXPEmY8ju5RXwZnmi7B4Mxqfo1O1LQP2WheAej9EiRKvupo3v7svDP2DBsK0VyqJWVDBT5Q/s1920/zapruder2-2.webp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVv2Yuc2VBKy0oHT0ghw4o8P-1ihpYvOYF9fjVc5W4864oB4xpE-uMhVnDF5k02GTo3KNLRK84qO_qRTJ3adITe6ev0ljutZj372t7EV-YHr_8Pj5Nb1ZgXPEmY8ju5RXwZnmi7B4Mxqfo1O1LQP2WheAej9EiRKvupo3v7svDP2DBsK0VyqJWVDBT5Q/w200-h113/zapruder2-2.webp" width="200" /></a></div>On the day of President Kennedy's funeral (Monday, November 25), Walter Cronkite, another Houston-bred newsman, allowed his younger colleague, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFXNAJNnO2Y" target="_blank">Dan Rather, to report live</a> in a halting fashion, referring repeatedly to notes, about his viewing of a film taken by Abraham Zapruder, though the cameraman was not named. </div><div> </div><div>Rather stated: <span style="color: #666666;">"We have just returned from seeing a complete motion picture of the moments preceding, and the moments of, President Kennedy's assassination and the shooting of Texas Governor John Connally."</span> He did not say who "we" was, nor did he say how he came to be invited to view the "motion picture," and by whom. At that time there clearly was, even while the nation was grieving, a bidding war going on for the rights to the pictures, both moving and still.</div><div> </div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="579" data-original-width="551" height="519" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf7f1iIHSWCbjP9hfnVJP7M6zTStsN-x9YdNppG2742jnTtvceamOS15dT5meqqRPi_c9bfpeWtvh3TiUKKZSEXoItYZc6hTfsEvxAuu_e4egicdFyr54rg16q2NaetHzqH7Zw3_Ww9VQI3tClvEmDYu0LaN5Ms7pnBVNR04DLJHJU9DIJMiW3MngEGA/w495-h519/Praise%20from%20a%20Future%20Generation%20p.%20483.png" width="495" /></div><br /> </div><div></div><div><br />
<br />The Sixth Floor Museum's website once contained a<a href="https://educationforum.ipbhost.com/topic/15190-the-zapruder-film-provenance/page/6/" target="_blank"> timeline of events</a> (see William Kelly post in January and February 2010) that mentioned the Zapruder film under November 25:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><i>Life</i> publisher C.D. Jackson, after viewing a copy of the Zapruder film in New York, instructed Stolley [<i>Life</i> magazine's Pacific Bureau editor, Richard Stolley] to purchase <i>remaining television and movie rights</i> for a price that eventually reached $150,000 plus royalties; the purchase included Zapruder's copy of the film made in Dallas the afternoon of the assassination.</span></blockquote>
The italics indicate that at that point <a href="https://www.life.com/history/jfks-assassination-how-life-brought-the-zapruder-film-to-light/" target="_blank">Zapruder had only agreed to relinquish print rights</a>, not the "motion picture" rights. Under that timeline on November 23, we read:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Zapruder screened the film for Secret Service agents, then met with Stolley and agreed to sell <i>only print rights of the film to Life</i>. He expressed concern that the film not be exploited. Stolley left with the original film, which was couriered to <i>Life</i>'s editorial office and printing center in Chicago (Zapruder kept the remaining print). <i>Life</i> personnel examined the film to decide which frames to publish. At some point, they accidentally damaged the original film in two places, and six frames were removed, leaving visible splice marks. </span></blockquote>
In February 1968:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><i>Life</i> hired a New Jersey film lab, Technical Animations, to make a 35mm film copy of the original 8mm Zapruder film. Vice President and General Manager Moses Weitzman made several copies, gave the best one to <i>Life</i> and kept the rejects.</span></blockquote>
The film was first shown in a public setting on February 13, 1969 during the Clay Shaw trial:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In New Orelans [sic], Zapruder testified for the prosecution in the Jim Garrison investigation into a possible Kennedy conspiracy involving Clay Shaw. During the film's first public showing, Zapruder confirmed its authenticity.</span></blockquote>
Robert Groden, who was employed by Technical Animations, "copied a Weitzman print and stored it in a bank vault. Over the next six years, using an optical printer, he made multiple copies with special effects, such as close-ups and repositioning, to remove shakiness and improve clarity."</div><div><br />
<br />
<script charset="utf-8" src="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=ss_ssw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS%2Fquixot-20%2F8003%2F074d6958-3b41-42e3-8c08-edf4a3e28203&Operation=GetScriptTemplate" type="text/javascript"> </script> <noscript><a HREF="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=ss_ssw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS%2Fquixot-20%2F8003%2F074d6958-3b41-42e3-8c08-edf4a3e28203&Operation=NoScript">Amazon.com Widgets</A></noscript><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face="Verdana,sans-serif"><i><b>Dan Rather's Co-Author, Mickey Herskowitz</b></i></span></span><br />
<br />
He hired <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Herskowitz" target="_blank">Mickey Herskowitz</a>, a sports writer for the Houston Post, to help him write the book. Herskowitz had a column in the Houston Post in 1962 called "<a href="https://bill37mccurdy.wordpress.com/tag/mickey-herskowitz/" target="_blank">Letters from Lefty</a>,"
ostensibly from a baseball player writing to his girlfriend while at
Houston Colt .45's spring training at Apache Junction, Arizona. By 1965
Mickey was covering the Astros playing in their new Astrodome.<br />
Mickey, according to <a href="https://bill37mccurdy.wordpress.com/tag/mickey-herskowitz/" target="_blank">blogger Bill McCurdy</a>, was a:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">kid fan at Buff Stadium who became famous among members of the media for </span><br />
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_JDJ_e20Jub-um8-xY1HBKKNd_EspCrcxU4_fmeh-19K1JHX-_a3k0wNXyTCemZi_S3pP8HcrwMAFaN1A3eMwtvEWjUViXwCvmMOIb9nYh5SH6D8Cq8f2WWSKLKA7DP1GJiRVGaiJCj-/s1600/Herskowitz_pic_1965.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_JDJ_e20Jub-um8-xY1HBKKNd_EspCrcxU4_fmeh-19K1JHX-_a3k0wNXyTCemZi_S3pP8HcrwMAFaN1A3eMwtvEWjUViXwCvmMOIb9nYh5SH6D8Cq8f2WWSKLKA7DP1GJiRVGaiJCj-/s1600/Herskowitz_pic_1965.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div><span style="color: #666666;">
his game time practice of updating player batting averages during games
in progress at Buff Stadium in the late 1940s and early 1950s. His
talents earned him an invitation to watch the games from the press box
so the professionals could have the benefit of this information.<br />
<span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><b><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">A journalism career was born.</span></b><br />
<span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
After graduating from the University of Houston, Mickey Herskowitz
continued his long career as a sports writer for the Houston Post,
shifting over to the Chronicle in the 1990s, when the Post died.
Herskowitz has since moved on to chaired position on the
journalism-communications faculty at Sam Houston State.</span></span></blockquote>
In 1976 Herskowitz had then only recently finished ghosting a couple of
biographies published by Playboy Press--the first, for Howard Cosell and
later, for Jimmie "the Greek" Snyder. Carlton Stowers of <i>Texas Monthly</i> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=Herskowitz+%22texas+monthly%22&source=bl&ots=ybkvRIl7Cv&sig=EinY_4i4InhzYEs3TKyIo1PPX5w&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yPkrVf2BJcWvsAXSqICQBg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Herskowitz%20%22texas%20monthly%22&f=false" target="_blank">wrote in his April 1977</a> column:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Some of Herkowitz' projects have been delayed by pressure to finish <i>The Camera Never Blinks</i>, a collaboration with CBS newsman Dan Rather about his life in the arena of world events.</span></span></blockquote>
Why the pressure? The timing was telling. It was published just as the
Zapruder film, which showed Americans how wrong Rather--who viewed it on
November 23--had been in his description really was. How could he have
reported the President's head being thrown violently forward? An
explanation was needed, but Rather was too busy to do it himself. The
publisher was William Morrow, the same as the publisher of George W.
Bush's ghostwritten biography, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000C4SV2I/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B000C4SV2I&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=UMHXLE5HIV4CKJKI">A Charge to Keep: My Journey to the White House</a></i>. However, after <a href="http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/1028-01.htm" target="_blank">Russ Baker</a> interviewed and quoted Herskowitz in <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B003NSBMNA/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B003NSBMNA&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=HGBVW2LLVUFIEK5P">Family of Secrets</a></i> (2010), which revealed a different version of the Bush legacy, Herskowitz was avoided in future work for the Bush family. <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">In
1999, Herskowitz struck a deal with the campaign of George W. Bush
about a ghost-written autobiography,... and he and Bush signed a
contract in which the two would split the proceeds....Herskowitz was
given unimpeded access to Bush, and the two met approximately 20 times
so Bush could share his thoughts. </span></span></blockquote>
Dan Rather's second book, <i>The Camera Never Blinks Twice</i>, came out in 1994, the same year as <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0786880686/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0786880686&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=JK2CWWKZS7TTL67N">In History's Shadow</a></i>, which Herskowitz finished shortly after John Connally's death.<br />
<br />
In 2003, Herskowitz wrote under his own name a sappy biography of Prescott Bush, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1401600093/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=1401600093&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=TM3UH6UMRZQKI4NK">Duty, Honor, Country: The Life and Legacy of Prescott Bush</a></i>,
and in the same year co-authored biographies with Joe Jamail and John
Connally's widow and a book about the Houston Oiler franchise.</div><div><br />
</div><br /><div>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><i><b>CBS and the Bush Family</b></i></span></div><div><br />
In 1974 the Watergate scandal forced President Nixon out of office. A year later on March 6, 1975, the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxCH1yhGG3Q">Zapruder film was brought to ABC</a> network's "Good Night America" by <a href="http://www.ctka.net/pr998-zfilm.html" target="_blank">Robert Groden, who appeared with Dick Gregory</a> on Geraldo Rivera's late night show. At that point the film showed Dan Rather's blatant lie about a third shot throwing Kennedy's head violently forward. At that point, to explain his past actions, Dan Rather, who was much too busy to take time away from work at CBS to write an autobiography, hired Mickey Herskowitz to do it for him. Or, did another person hire Mickey to protect the interest of certain CBS officials, at whose request, we can only assume, Rather had lied?<br />
<br />
Is it not a strange coincidence that Herskowitz, chosen to write Dan's book, <i>The Camera Never Blinks</i>, which was published in 1976, would later work for the Bush family? Perhaps not, considering the closeness of Prescott Bush to the CBS founder, William S. Paley. Consider this small detail from <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0124132/bio" target="_blank">IMDb's biography of George H. W. Bush</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span face=""Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Prescott Bush (Yale 1917) made his fortune and name as an investment banker on Wall St., eventually becoming a partner of the white shoe brokerage Brown Bros. Harriman. He was a member of the Yale Corp., the principal governing body of Yale University, from <u>1944 to 1956</u> and was on the board of directors of the <u>Columbia Broadcasting System (C.B.S.)</u>, after having been introduced to C.B.S. Chairman William Paley in 1932 by his friend and business partner [in investment bank, Brown Brothers Harriman] Averell Harriman, a major Democratic party power-broker. </span></span></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-eHc3NywVNctJ8bpCTuKOzCH8U8LuMtIn5yi_fnpeqIZptDJ6H6fq9-68d5DNayxDt6dX7Z4tHBBfrp2BRdabQPaJnhvOU5AmTk-ljN1tCcML1lF5ieqaqOxCkJDv4EOVNzIey_SCuCBt/s1600/C.D.+Jackson_Life_1963.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-eHc3NywVNctJ8bpCTuKOzCH8U8LuMtIn5yi_fnpeqIZptDJ6H6fq9-68d5DNayxDt6dX7Z4tHBBfrp2BRdabQPaJnhvOU5AmTk-ljN1tCcML1lF5ieqaqOxCkJDv4EOVNzIey_SCuCBt/s1600/C.D.+Jackson_Life_1963.jpg" width="141" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.minormusings.com/2015/03/hustlers-and-hucksters.html" target="_blank">C.D. Jackson</a>, who headed Time, Inc., which owned <i>Life</i> magazine, had handled intelligence and propaganda assignments during WWII. In 1943 he was in Turkey for the State Department and Board of Economic Warfare before going to the Office of War Information with his friend William Paley. They were both assigned to Eisenhower’s command in Europe to operate the Psychological Warfare Branch of the Army. <br />
<br />
After the 1952 election Jackson became Eisenhower’s special assistant for cold war planning and, while on leave from Fortune, a Luce publication, he handled clandestine propaganda operations in Eastern Europe within the National Committee for a Free Europe. He also participated in the report prepared by William Harding Jackson (no relation), which resulted in reorganizing Truman’s Psychological Strategy Board into a new “Operations Coordinating Board” within the National Security Council. [See Michael S. Mayer, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0816053871/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0816053871&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=ISSXVI7FILCLAN5B">The Eisenhower Years</a> (2009).]<br />
<br />
Walter Cronkite had been placed in charge of the CBS Evening News in 1962. Also a Texan, Cronkite had graduated from <a href="http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/chc/wmy/Celebrities/walter_cronkite.html" target="_blank">San Jacinto High School in Houston in 1933</a> before attending the University of Texas for just over two years, dropping out in 1935. </div><div> </div><div>Dan Rather finished high school in Houston Heights, managed to scrounge a football scholarship for a year before being ejected and then worked his way to graduation from Sam Houston State in Huntsville in 1953. At that point he volunteered for the US Marine Corps, which took him in early 1954 but <a href="https://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ow-Sh/Rather-Dan.html" target="_blank">discharged him </a>for medical reasons. Rather revealed he got a job at a Houston television station KHOU after working at a Houston radio station five or six years, and <a href="https://danratherjournalist.org/about-dan/biography" target="_blank">continued</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">I was making, I think, $9,200 a year, which was not good, but I was making it. The television job paid about the same, but it was guaranteed. The radio wasn't guaranteed, so I shifted to television more or less by accident. The television station in Houston that I went to work for was the third station in the market, but it was trying to build a news reputation. It was a team effort. We took the station from third to first in the ratings, which even then was a big deal. We covered the big hurricane fairly well. Somebody at CBS saw and heard it and they hired me at CBS. </span></blockquote><span style="color: #666666;">
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="inputText">
<span style="color: #666666;"><b>Do you remember what they saw and heard?</b></span> </div>
</blockquote><span style="color: #666666;">
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #666666;">
</span><div class="inputText"><span style="color: #666666;">
Dan Rather: This was the largest hurricane on record, Hurricane Carla in the fall of 1961. I had taken our operation to Galveston Island, which was in the path of the hurricane, and we eventually became marooned on Galveston Island, and we broadcast around the clock from there. We were a CBS affiliate and because it was such a huge hurricane, CBS began monitoring what we were doing. That's about as much as I know about it. The hurricane was my great break. It was the break from a local affiliated station to coming to the network. </span></div>
</blockquote>Dan Rather became news director of KTRH in 1956 and a reporter for KTRH-TV Houston in 1959. He was news director at KHOU-TV, the CBS affiliate in Houston before<i> joining CBS News in 1962</i> as chief of the Southwest bureau in Dallas. At an unspecified date in 1963 Rather was appointed chief of CBS' Southern bureau in New Orleans, responsible for coverage of news events in the South, Southwest, Mexico and Central America. On 22 November 1963 in Dallas, Rather broke the news of the death of President John F. Kennedy. A few weeks after the assassination, he became CBS' White House correspondent. The <a href="https://moody.utexas.edu/alumni/advisory-council/dan-rather" target="_blank">order of his assignments is ambiguous</a> in every biography we have read, <i>including the following excerpt</i> from a <a href="https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/dan-rather-not-invited-to-join-cbs-kennedy-coverage-1200799200/" target="_blank">2013 report in <i>Variety</i></a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Rather worked at CBS News for 44 years. His downfall came as a result of a 2004 story about President George W. Bush’s military service. Under criticism, the network concluded the story couldn’t be substantiated, but Rather has stood behind it. His tenure as anchor ended six months later and he left CBS in 2006, eventually filing a $70 million lawsuit against his old employers that was thrown out in 2010 by New York’s highest court.<br />
<br />
As a young <i>New Orleans bureau chief for CBS in November 1963, Rather had a mundane assignment in Dallas</i>. He had arranged locations along the presidential motorcade route for film of the visit to be picked up and transmitted to CBS’ New York headquarters. He had no on-air assignment.<br />
<br />
He sprang into action when it became clear something had gone terribly wrong. Rather described in his 1977 book, “The Camera Never Blinks,” that <i>CBS radio went with his report that Kennedy was dead – based not on official confirmation but his phone conversations with men who identified themselves as a doctor and priest at the hospital where Kennedy was taken, and a colleague’s conversation with the hospital’s chief of staff.</i><br />
<br />
It was an extraordinary risk: if Rather was wrong, he conceded his career in journalism likely would have ended there.<br />
<br />
Days later, <i>Rather was among the first people to see film of the assassination taken by Abraham Zapruder, and he later described it live on CBS</i>, reading from a spiral notebook what it captured of the president and first lady at the moment of impact. CBS failed, however, to acquire rights to the film.<br />
<br />
“I’m proud of what CBS News did at the time,” Rather said. “When the country needed it, CBS News was the best in the business.”</span></blockquote><span style="color: #666666;">
</span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Conspiracies do happen. Assassinating President Kennedy required a well-planned conspiracy to pull it off. I am just now dredging this research drafted seven years ago up from the dustbin because a person on Facebook is starting to call the shooting in Uvalde another conspiracy. </div><div><br /></div><div>Who really knows anything any more? Do your own research. Do it before you speculate.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-31977726254889997192020-12-26T09:41:00.004-06:002022-03-06T15:28:14.248-06:00Why We Never Stamp Out Organized Crime<p class="MsoNormal">This story begins in 1951 when two sons of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt--each son born
to a different wife and each wife born to a filthy rich father--acquired 35,000
acres in southwest Florida, with the idea of turning it into a cattle
ranch. Their youngest brother George did not invest with them, having
his own ranch in Hawaii.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Genealogical History in Context</b></i><br /></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWzYru8Ia1ulZTes4lZOF8kZ42Z7eNTuX6MkRNpenw0OAUIjDycQwNjTKjK8OqSFMW9qdwYuaaDcB9ZeGjKvUyy5a9Rkst3mJpqUwoUzlIFacYXOgfmIxy_hTr9F8FRwgtI3WBV0yl86Oc/s2726/Vanderbilts+close+on+sale+to+Cavanagh_Miami_Herald_Tue__Sep_16__1969_.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2726" data-original-width="1153" height="738" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWzYru8Ia1ulZTes4lZOF8kZ42Z7eNTuX6MkRNpenw0OAUIjDycQwNjTKjK8OqSFMW9qdwYuaaDcB9ZeGjKvUyy5a9Rkst3mJpqUwoUzlIFacYXOgfmIxy_hTr9F8FRwgtI3WBV0yl86Oc/w311-h738/Vanderbilts+close+on+sale+to+Cavanagh_Miami_Herald_Tue__Sep_16__1969_.jpg" width="311" /></a>Alfred
(son of Cornelius V. Vanderbilt II) had died in 1915 while aboard the
S.S. Lusitania, leaving three sons born to two of his wives. </p><p class="MsoNormal">The eldest of his sons, William H. Vanderbilt (born in 1901, to
distinguish him from his grandfather and uncle), was fourteen when
Alfred was killed by the German torpedo. A year later, when the United
States declared war on Germany, William's mother (Ellen French
Vanderbilt) allowed him to join the Navy at age 15, and the Navy gave
him the title of Midshipman. One of the friends he made during the war was Paul FitzSimons, Jr., from
Washington, D.C., whose father was a career Navy doctor. Paul visited
his young friend in Newport, R.I. after the war, met William's mom, and
soon married her, although she was nine years his senior.
Notwithstanding the age gap, they were compatible and lived together
until their deaths in the late 40’s.<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Alfred G., Jr. (eleven years younger than his half-brother) had, in the meantime, been growing up in the home of his own mother, Margaret Emerson Vanderbilt, who had married Alfred Sr. in 1911--the same year, incidentally that her own father, Isaac E. Emerson, the Bromo Seltzer king, remarried, after being dumped by Margaret's mother Emily a/k/a Emelie. </p><p class="MsoNormal">As an interesting sideline, it can be noted that at least four years before Emily formally married <span class="srchHit">C. Hazeltine Basshor of Baltimore in 1912, her name was listed in the Baltimore directory as Emily Basshor at his address, </span><span class="srchHit"><span class="srchHit">though she was still married to Emerson. The Captain</span> sued her for divorce, naming Basshor as co-respondent, most likely at the urging of Anne McCormack, who was full of schemes. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1cIp-kcahS-fhkovKxd69luaAZZVQA68dmznG251eH6go6Jmu5CuKjvSd2rwu6kjKhldOuA4NrzKiS8-6GBDxYBAeIH1AUjKX4O0BCbXxfsh54x4EqMLwPzWLcahAp2gbQNF-GvvSDn1d/s209/Isaac+and+Anne+Emerson.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="209" data-original-width="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1cIp-kcahS-fhkovKxd69luaAZZVQA68dmznG251eH6go6Jmu5CuKjvSd2rwu6kjKhldOuA4NrzKiS8-6GBDxYBAeIH1AUjKX4O0BCbXxfsh54x4EqMLwPzWLcahAp2gbQNF-GvvSDn1d/s0/Isaac+and+Anne+Emerson.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Isaac & Anne Emerson<br /></td></tr></tbody></table>In 1910 Emerson used his fizzy antacid fortune to acquire a huge estate in the Green Spring Valley of Maryland hunt country, and before long married Anne, along with her two teenage children--thus setting the stage for an elaborate wedding that was to come in 1913. <br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">That historic year 1913--when Colonel House, handler for Woodrow Wilson, pushed through the Federal Reserve Act--symbolically linked the new banking system with the old Bank of the United States, whose shareholders primarily lived in that part of Maryland. Thus did the wedding of Emerson's stepdaughter, Ethel McCormack, to Francis Huger McAdoo, son of Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo, represent the merger of both public and private wealth ruling the United States. Ethel's marriage--terminated by divorce only after four children were born--barely survived Wilson's presidency. </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9HSBdGWY_v7191JvfDl7-ngMreX4QxWFKC1ihyeLeNYulhifqJmye9UhXVHqPLAGYpUyGOVK6eQm1AVLiOsnmils5E7OPxAyCullJlsdyswLGegYUQCzZS-PyiI5JnekIWo4HVEeUHybd/s858/Alfred+Jr+and+mom+with+George.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="858" data-original-width="577" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9HSBdGWY_v7191JvfDl7-ngMreX4QxWFKC1ihyeLeNYulhifqJmye9UhXVHqPLAGYpUyGOVK6eQm1AVLiOsnmils5E7OPxAyCullJlsdyswLGegYUQCzZS-PyiI5JnekIWo4HVEeUHybd/w178-h265/Alfred+Jr+and+mom+with+George.png" width="178" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Emerson's elder daughter Margaret and her two sons, Alfred Jr. and younger brother, George Vanderbilt, just on the cusp of power, watched from the wings as Ethel divorced McAdoo to marry a Chicagoan named <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">W. Winchester Keith</a>, son of one of the wealthy Brown sisters, who had actually once inhabited Brookland Wood as children, descendants of Baltimore banker, Alexander Brown. <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal">In fact, Emerson had acquired the Maryland estate known as <a href="https://minorsmuse.blogspot.com/2019/09/scandals-in-alexander-brown-family.html">Brookland Wood</a> soon after <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBNf62Mcbye9uxHmJc48ewrPD1sOQ20XheucmutfpQbodbS9JICvT_3yNQwuz7y9YDWrHqFbxjjkVVawov2Es9BnDQrKnv15TFScANnQb_o3VAYqGnPXZ8RlYw7i-PBW_f5NfWV9zeSus/s1600/George+Brown+tree.jpg">H. Carroll Brown (an uncle of Winchester Keith)</a> lost title to it because of a lawsuit filed against him by the estate of his deceased wife, Margaret Daly Brown. The plaintiffs consisted of her brother--Marcus Daly, Jr., son of the Copper King--and Bankers Trust, as executor and trustee, respectively. </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK-p0Io9_nN6kWFnfqYnaGWwLC6BpSWVzxYx-xLSV_0ob2zg6bO-VXhAwAYAzGel4V4jgWI5d402MX1HEXq9pzMJn71_YsM9Mvy5d0ANAXERTSYN8zUjmVlDv7NotzwWSsJiwSFOnf7sGi/s482/Brooklandwood.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="482" data-original-width="382" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK-p0Io9_nN6kWFnfqYnaGWwLC6BpSWVzxYx-xLSV_0ob2zg6bO-VXhAwAYAzGel4V4jgWI5d402MX1HEXq9pzMJn71_YsM9Mvy5d0ANAXERTSYN8zUjmVlDv7NotzwWSsJiwSFOnf7sGi/w165-h208/Brooklandwood.png" width="165" /></a>In an agreement to settle the lawsuit, Capt. Emerson agreed to lease the estate for three years, beginning December 1, 1911, and thereafter to purchase it for $400,000. Other parties to the agreement included another <span>Daly sister--formerly Harriot Daly, who had been a </span><span><span>close friend of Gladys Vanderbilt, the youngest sister of Alfred, Sr., at that time Gladys' sister-in-law. </span></span><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>Gladys </span></span><span><span><span>had married Count </span><span><span class="readMoreLessText">Laszlo Szechenyi</span>
in 1908 when her family paid a $5 million dowry to Laszlo's destitute but
"royal" family. Within three years her new husband had lost $7 million
speculating on the Bourse. Gladys threatened divorce, but someone
must have put his finances in order. He had been the </span><span><span style="font-size: medium;">first minister from Hungary to the United States and later served at the Court of St. James. </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>Two years after Gladys' wedding, the Daly family arranged for Harriot to become a Countess also, marrying her off to Count Anton Sigray of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Another sister was married to Judge James W. Gerard, also parties to the estate's lawsuit.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">This was the background of these two Florida ranchers who decided to go into ranching in Florida in 1951. Both of their mothers had been<span> at different times, sisters-in-law of Countess Gladys </span><br /><span><span><span><span><span class="readMoreLessText">Szechenyi.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>William's mother (Ellen French) and Alfred had divorced at about the time all these royal shenanigans began to take place, and she remained with him in Rhode Island while her ex-husband (Alfred Vanderbilt, Sr.) moved to London, taking advantage of his sister's new-found position at the Court of St. James. He was living at Gloucester House the day of his wedding to Mrs. Margaret Emerson McKim, even then fighting off litigation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span> After Margaret had divorced Dr. Smith Hollins McKim in Reno, her ex-husband threatened a lawsuit for alienation of affections against Alfred, Margaret's father (Isaac Emerson) and her future stepmother, who was a real piece of work. According to one newspaper dated February 22, 1911:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #666666;">Papers were signed which released Vanderbilt, Doctor Emerson, his
daughter, and Mrs. Frederick McCormick [Anne Preston McCormack, a widow, who married Emerson the following July] from any legal action resultant
from Mrs. McKim divorcing her husband.</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666;">In consideration of this
release Doctor McKim was given a large sum of money to be paid in
semiannual installments, as well as a lump sum awarded chiefly for
counsel fees. Attorney Herschfield admitted today that an arrangement
had been reached by which Doctor McKim ceased all litigation.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxZFmJipB-StYfog4ibPDOS-4vDMHcom7eM3nhjxvlV3RXhqPsqljZlp7oOiVxlVYEzKVashG_37Ol2lMje3comjGlJ1xAkOU1K_1k_a1X_REHiFOHQ87R88lo8P-4tBdRGeU5dtI8iRB/s430/Bromo+%25282%2529.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="283" data-original-width="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxZFmJipB-StYfog4ibPDOS-4vDMHcom7eM3nhjxvlV3RXhqPsqljZlp7oOiVxlVYEzKVashG_37Ol2lMje3comjGlJ1xAkOU1K_1k_a1X_REHiFOHQ87R88lo8P-4tBdRGeU5dtI8iRB/s320/Bromo+%25282%2529.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p><span style="color: #666666;">The
agreement was the result of a series of conferences. Reports have been
circulated that Doctor McKim intended to bring suit against Vanderbilt
for the alleged alienating of his wife's affections. There also have
been rumors that an engagement existed between Mrs. McKim and
Vanderbilt.</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666;">Mrs. McKim has been occasionally in the society of
Vanderbilt. At the last horse show she was a visitor in his box. During
the season at Newport, several years ago, Mrs. McKim met Vanderbilt
often in the same social events.</span></p></blockquote><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>Alfred, Jr. would be born to Margaret in London in 1912, but George's birth was in Newport in 1914, only months before the boys' father's body would sink to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>Incidentally, Margaret's mother (now Mrs. Emilie Basshor) became a widow in 1914, when her husband of two years was rumored to have committed suicide by shooting himself in the neck. Thereafter Emilie sold her Baltimore real estate and bought a residence/hotel near the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey, where she lived until her death in 1921. Rather than completely disown Margaret from her will, Emilie left her youngest daughter "a portion of the silverware."<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>In 1918, three years after Margaret's husband had settled into his liquid grave, she married Raymond Thomas Baker, <span class="readMoreLessText">who had recently been appointed Director of the United States Mint by President Wilson. He served in that position until 1922, then ran unsuccessfully in 1926 for the U.S. Senate from Nevada, where some years earlier Baker had struck gold in his western mines.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="readMoreLessText">Margaret divorced Baker in 1928 in order to marry Lt. Col. Charles Minot Amory from Boston and Beverly, Massachusetts. Son of Francis Inman Amory, Sr., Col. Amory had, in 1919, received an emergency diplomatic passport to travel to Europe, at the request of then-Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. That was the year Lodge, a</span></span><span><span class="readMoreLessText">ccording to his <a href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Speeches_Lodge1919.htm" target="_blank">Senate biography</a>, "</span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span class="readMoreLessText"><span style="color: black;">began an assault on President Woodrow Wilson's proposal to establish a
League of Nations that ultimately culminated in the Senate's rejection
of the Treaty of Versailles." Amory was, therefore, sent to Europe to further Lodge's goal of sabotaging Wilson. Lodge believed the League of Nations would get the U.S. involved in "entangling alliances," which the Founding Fathers had warned against.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #666666;"><span class="readMoreLessText"><span style="color: black;">Margaret was married to Amory, whose family were long-time residents of Palm Beach, Florida, </span></span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span class="readMoreLessText"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span class="readMoreLessText"><span style="color: black;"> until 1934</span></span></span>. That was her last marriage, and despite her children having the Vanderbilt surname, she changed back into Margaret Emerson.</span><br /></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #666666;"><span class="readMoreLessText"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>The Two-V Ranch in Charlotte County, Florida</b></i><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVErwZZNjdKhAKn8HoPS6Qt8toik9fnWTSWE-yQJxkJeLv-qMlYFKVzamH6zXlGKEts7OdWQwPusR4uKa8fRvCM0ZGgCZmq7SgPEijo0ttOML8krfIu_fTNIBSdLypKmgB0Lak1DOvZKa2/s405/WHVanderbilt.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="405" data-original-width="320" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVErwZZNjdKhAKn8HoPS6Qt8toik9fnWTSWE-yQJxkJeLv-qMlYFKVzamH6zXlGKEts7OdWQwPusR4uKa8fRvCM0ZGgCZmq7SgPEijo0ttOML8krfIu_fTNIBSdLypKmgB0Lak1DOvZKa2/s320/WHVanderbilt.png" /></a></div>Called the “Two-V Ranch,” the 35,000 acres the brothers bought had an Englewood, Florida, address long before Englewood had been developed. Somewhere on the estate
William and his second wife, Anne Gordon Colby, built a house, and they became winter residents for several years before
their divorce in 1969. One source states that he built a large gulf front home on Manasota Key, and another that their home was in Punta Gorda on Englewood Beach. These descriptions could well be of the same house. <br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Alfred, Jr.
constructed a residence at Cape Haze but rarely visited the area. Alfred showed no
interest in cattle ranching, other than in investing money with his older
brother from a different mother. But he did raise horses, which he raced at Hialeah, as did other
Vanderbilt and Whitney cousins, who all had mansions in Palm Beach, where they socializing
with fellow transplanted millionaires more like themselves. </p><p class="MsoNormal">Alfred Jr. lived for the most part on Long Island, not far from those same cousins--notably,
the more well-known polo playing millionaire C. V. (Sonny) Whitney and John
Hay (Jock) Whitney. The Whitneys and their associates had for decades made up a
big part of the power elite in politics and diplomacy. In an earlier era, that wealth centered around the railroads they controlled in New York and its connecting links.<br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Vanderbilt name undoubtedly helped William get a commission as Commander of Naval Intelligence in WWII,
W.H. had been assigned as deputy administrator to Col. William J. Donovan in
the Office of War Information (OWI), which became the office of the Coordinator
of Information (CoI) and later the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). As the
war ramped up, he was re-assigned to the staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz,
the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet. After the war William returned to Rhode
Island and was elected as its governor for one term before deciding to become a
rancher.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">W.H. gave rural Florida—CrackerLand, my friend Daniel Hopsicker likes to call it—a
real whirl, getting himself named to local bank boards and fund drives—even
joining with citizens of Venice, Nokomis and Laurel in Sarasota County to
contribute a grant to Englewood public schools in 1953. </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj78ZZ6rLValdutAt1R4NPCsqZBmpD-NYBkThJJmnh-uJ2HEZwxaXDoY1romS18q4-PF_Wu9kh_psga1UAFYpkn-KOcDjwMa-4dY2ZAchbRlQG4MWRyHr490j81ASy5Odx7yTcnQswPLT0L/s678/Chesler_Mackle_1958.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="314" height="582" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj78ZZ6rLValdutAt1R4NPCsqZBmpD-NYBkThJJmnh-uJ2HEZwxaXDoY1romS18q4-PF_Wu9kh_psga1UAFYpkn-KOcDjwMa-4dY2ZAchbRlQG4MWRyHr490j81ASy5Odx7yTcnQswPLT0L/w269-h582/Chesler_Mackle_1958.jpg" width="269" /></a></div>He had been
well-acquainted with the rancher whose property bordered Two-V—a man named
Arthur C. Frizzell—who sold the remainder of his land
in 1954 to Florida West Coast Land Development Co. of Miami Beach. The Two-V had actually been carved out of a previous sale Frizzell had made to this same company.<br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Meyer Lansky showed up in Florida in the early 1930s and welcomed all members of the "Five Families" to set up shop in the state, the majority living or working out of Miami Beach. Lansky himself chose Hollywood in Broward County for his home, but operated his clubs and gambling casinos in nearby Hallandale in the southern part of Broward County. The northern part of the county was, of course, Fort Lauderdale.<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Florida West Coast Land Development Company (FWCLDC) divided up Frizzell's thousands of acres into numerous tracts and transferred title to General Development Company, comprised at that
time of Mackle Construction and Louis Chesler from Toronto, Canada, who had
links to Meyer Lansky. The Vanderbilts held onto their acreage for fifteen more years,
until 1969--the same year William and his second wife, Alfred Jr.’s mother, were
divorced, 1969. </p><p class="MsoNormal">The following year William, who had bought a large property
near Williamstown, Massachusetts, remarried the former Mrs. John Ransom (Helen
Cummings) Cook, and they began to spend more time in New England, but also retained
a residence at Punta Gorda until William’s death in 1981. Afterwards, Helen
Vanderbilt lived for several years in an assisted living home (Harbor Inn at
321 W. Venice Avenue) in downtown Venice, Florida, a mile or so east of Venice
Beach.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXR3ac1uc2LgiZdtOq7cKcfy2RoOm602N8QXgGGAGw7ffp2MhYZBlJBF4cEXmEaxTk3xVYmVmie87XOD5QzCBpKEskaqJVjNtwyhWddRhkyu447VE1mD0_TCjGG_cNSayPtXkLO5wFkuad/s700/Rotonda+developers+default+1975.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="509" height="603" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXR3ac1uc2LgiZdtOq7cKcfy2RoOm602N8QXgGGAGw7ffp2MhYZBlJBF4cEXmEaxTk3xVYmVmie87XOD5QzCBpKEskaqJVjNtwyhWddRhkyu447VE1mD0_TCjGG_cNSayPtXkLO5wFkuad/w439-h603/Rotonda+developers+default+1975.png" width="439" /></a></div>Was there more to that story we don’t know?<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br />(To be continued )<br /></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-22609435901382068622020-12-02T10:03:00.001-06:002020-12-02T10:03:34.094-06:00Robert Swan Mueller III -- Part I<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I began writing this article early in the Donald Trump administration, shortly after Robert S. Mueller III was appointed to write a report about Russians meddling in the 2016 election. Some were saying at the time that Mueller could not be trusted to give us the real truth about what really happened. Already shocked by all the lies Trump had told during his campaign, I held on to hope that all would be revealed when Mueller got to the bottom of what the Russian government had done to make him into our President.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">So much has happened in the intervening two years since I began this research. Our country will never be the same. I will label this post as Part I of the story of Robert Swan Mueller III, though I may not hereafter have the will or inclination--or the time--to complete it.<br /></div><br /><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>2018</b></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFyP9RzBiaUhHIjh8AH0oWhDlzHRyvKOXOuYVWJ5pZd0wxcCChxF4wDtOxgxM5VbrtKoToI2BJYuwxxPIpre1jmccg8A8JYRoIM8wJm_xX-Lnh9qaxS_RHi05x80x0_Qi4TuE1dOX6spcP/s1600/fb.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="501" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFyP9RzBiaUhHIjh8AH0oWhDlzHRyvKOXOuYVWJ5pZd0wxcCChxF4wDtOxgxM5VbrtKoToI2BJYuwxxPIpre1jmccg8A8JYRoIM8wJm_xX-Lnh9qaxS_RHi05x80x0_Qi4TuE1dOX6spcP/s320/fb.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"></span><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>There is a lot of garbage on the internet spouted by the likes of RCM
(2016 Bernie supporter) in the insert to the right. I posted an item on Facebook about the CIA background of William
Barr, about whom I had read in <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B075JP2BR5/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_tkin_p1_i0">Terry Reed's book, <i>Compromised</i>,</a> published in 1995, while Bill Clinton was still President. The YouTube <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmmhzmhouic">video</a> lists all the
mentions of Barr in Terry Reed's book.<br />
<br />
Instead
of making a comment about Barr, Bernie Bro RCM tried to sully the character of
Robert Mueller by pretending to know all about his ancestors and
those of his late wife, Ann Cabell Standish. I had already done research on them after being
asked by a friend about the same erroneous details. But, since I had not
saved my previous research, I started again. What follows is the story I
learned. </div>
<br />
<br />
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<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial black" , "sans-serif"">Dr. Gustave A. Mueller</span></b></i></div>
Dr.
Gustave Adolph Mueller was the first of Robert Mueller III's Prussian branch of family to be born in
America--born ten years after his parents arrived from Bremen on the <i>S.S.
Beethoven</i>. Arriving with August C. E. Mueller, then 33, and his wife, the former Fredericka Dorshlag, were their three eldest children. They made their way to Crestline, Ohio, where August worked as a farmer, and more daughters were born before Gustave, the youngest of seven, the only boy,
was born in 1863. <br />
<br />
Eventually August would move his family 165 miles farther east to <a href="https://historicpittsburgh.org/islandora/object/pitt:31735070289057/from_search/2682046f386c3f93785b192564cede8c-6#page/4/mode/2up">North Shore (Allegheny, Pittsburgh)</a> Pennsylvania, in time for the 1870 census. A <a href="https://historicpittsburgh.org/islandora/object/pitt:31735038288480/from_search/-17#page/446/mode/2up">directory</a> from 1876 shows that August's family lived at 159 Madison Avenue--a site within walking distance of the river, which is now dwarfed by highways, overpasses and bridges--and that he had become a machinist.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4lQmWsw2zS-X6gjcwAZAhwhiRj75wTYTwumC04v8u21KeZqIYZVb0E4UobZKMnB7xFmt6kNTrLfRooeMHAEP7fRDyVtRu-NNJT4wHTNwGSusa3TDsx2LESD_lh6RTuuOwGDjcVsI2W9a2/s1600/Dr.+Gustave.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="717" data-original-width="1026" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4lQmWsw2zS-X6gjcwAZAhwhiRj75wTYTwumC04v8u21KeZqIYZVb0E4UobZKMnB7xFmt6kNTrLfRooeMHAEP7fRDyVtRu-NNJT4wHTNwGSusa3TDsx2LESD_lh6RTuuOwGDjcVsI2W9a2/s640/Dr.+Gustave.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robert Swan Mueller's mother was <a href="https://archive.org/details/memoirsofalleghe01innort/page/256">Grace Swan Miller</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
While he was the city physician for what was then Allegheny,
Pennsylvania, he married his first wife on April 15, 1891, and she gave
birth in 1893 to their only child, Robert Swan Mueller, given the same middle
name as his mother--being the maiden name of his grandmother. Gustave took his wife Grace and their baby son to Hamburg on <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31629021/muellers_leave_for_hamburg1895/">June 11, 1895</a>
in order to pursue further education in the <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rc_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP6&dq=%22dr.+gustave+a.+mueller%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimxdSyv6DiAhUBVK0KHfnBAAIQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22dr.%20gustave%20a.%20mueller%22&f=false">specialty in ear, nose and throat medicine</a>. His wife's unmarried aunt, Janet Swan, went along as a companion and nurse/nanny.<br />
<br />
A year and a
half after that voyage commenced, Grace executed her last will, dated
January 15, 1897,
leaving all her property to Gustave. The will was witnessed by Janet
Swan and Gustave's sister, Clara Mueller, who was also a teacher in the
Allegheny area. Grace died three weeks later, and a published announcement stated
that the funeral procession would begin from the home of Grace's <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31788707/grace_swan_mueller_death/">uncle, John Swan</a>, at 64 Union Avenue in Allegheny (North Shore). Grace
Swan Miller Mueller, had died February 8, 1897, leaving Robert Swan Mueller I behind for Dr.
Mueller to attempt to care for on his own.<br />
<br />
On April 25, 1900 Dr. Mueller married Nell Day Anderson, a young nurse nine years his junior, and his son Robert Swan Mueller (then age 7) was entrusted to Nell's care for seven
years before she gave birth to Gustave Jr. in 1907. Nell had completed her nursing training in 1896 and, most likely, became
a nurse not long afterward in the same medical community in which Dr. Mueller was a associated.<br />
<br />
Nell's family had relocated from Steubenville, Ohio to Forbes Street in the Bellefield area of Pittsburgh--at that time one of the centers of focus for Andrew Carnegie's purchase of land for his institute and library, as indicated in a letter to Carnegie from his business partner, <a href="https://historicpittsburgh.org/islandora/object/pitt:31735061577205/from_search/88f69470101d32f43c97171b17724319-24#page/1/mode/2up/search/bellefield">Henry Frick</a>. Mueller's first wife's family also owned property only a block or so away from the Phipps Conservatory, near the location Carnegie chose for his library. Today, the Mueller home in 1900 (711 Arch Street), the Anderson property on Forbes, and the Swan property at Federal and Erie Streets have been absorbed within what has been called the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_(Pittsburgh)#Surrounding_neighborhoods">massive Carnegie culture complex</a>." Before 1910 Mueller had sold the Arch Street residence and relocated about 13 miles to the east in Oakmont/Hulton area. <br />
<br />
When Dr. Mueller, a
robust young man of 49, died from typhoid fever, his eldest son—Robert Swan Mueller—was then nineteen and living with his stepmother, Nell
Anderson Mueller, and his half brother, Gustave Mueller, Jr. Their marriage had lasted only twelve years, during which time she reared Dr. Mueller's first son and gave birth to the second. Nell was named Administratrix c.t.a. (<i>cum testamento annexo</i>,
meaning "with will annexed") upon his death, an indication that the
probated hand-written will did not name her as executor. Although, Dr.
Mueller and his second wife had had an active social circle during their marriage, which
included some of Pittsburgh's notable industrialists, such as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36136280/mueller_associatesarthur_vining/">Arthur Vining Davis</a> of ALCOA, upon his death their new residence had to be sold, and his widow Nell went back to work. Like many of the Mellon family, owners of Alcoa, A. V. Davis moved to Florida and tried to get richer quick in its land boom, buying property in Sarasota and surrounding counties from the Palmer family.<br />
<br />
By 1912 Robert S. Mueller I was ready for boarding school in Easton,
Pa—almost on the eastern border of Pennsylvania. By 1920 Nell had moved with Gustave, Jr. to San Diego where she
became a telephone operator at the Army and Naval Academy. Even though
Gustave
Jr. was at Stanford for a time, he seems to have lived with or near his
mother
most of his life. He did marry Maxine Cigal of Brooklyn in 1965. They
lived in
Houston at 151 Sage Rd, Houston, TX and also at 4806 Post Oak before
their
divorce in 1984. He was present to sign the death certificate for Nell
who
lived to be 100 years old. Her death occurred in 1973 at a nursing home
in the
same area of Houston near the Galleria. There did not appear to be any
contact
between them and Robert Mueller. <br />
<br />
<br />
<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial black" , "sans-serif"">Swan family background</span></b></i><br />
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<br /></div>
The 1876 directory mentioned earlier also listed the name of the <a href="https://historicpittsburgh.org/islandora/object/pitt:31735038288480/from_search/-17#page/624/mode/2up">Hon. John Swan</a> as a member of the state legislature, living at 64 Union Avenue. John was the eldest son of Robert Swan and his wife, Grizzel (Grisela or Grace) Gibson, a couple who in about 1831 immigrated from Scotland. Robert worked as a stonemason, and many of his sons
worked for construction contractors. Grace Swan's brother, Alexander
Gibson, lived with the Swan family for decades in rural Ross Township,
McCandless or Perrysville areas surrounding what was then Allegheny City, a city destined to disappear overnight in 1907 when it became part of Pittsburgh, Northside.<br />
<br />
John Swan was the first Swan child born in American after the Scottish couple's immigration, and he had taken an early interest in politics, becoming a Democrat by as early as 1875. He continued in that party, helping to elect Grover Cleveland in 1884, and was rewarded by being named Postmaster of Allegheny until Cleveland lost to Harrison in 1888.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOfpGUwzo5ZaVnsYWNwcbWknm-iQYCXWtZMUN-3janZVpE96DdjosfNmvHOjj4tORSEoRMP45IBkfrLe1USajbiXbjZSGr9F-57NpRYdgtX06gWyoYQWSkp4f4wYcxt-u4r-KmotZ8oBs-/s1600/Robert+Swan+obit.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="756" data-original-width="292" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOfpGUwzo5ZaVnsYWNwcbWknm-iQYCXWtZMUN-3janZVpE96DdjosfNmvHOjj4tORSEoRMP45IBkfrLe1USajbiXbjZSGr9F-57NpRYdgtX06gWyoYQWSkp4f4wYcxt-u4r-KmotZ8oBs-/s400/Robert+Swan+obit.jpg" width="153" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=AuQ1AQAAMAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA516">Robert Swan</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The genealogy of the Swan family indicates that Robert Swan and Grisel Gibson, Grace Swan Miller's parents, had four sons--John (1832), Robert, Jr. (1837), Samuel (1848) and James (1849)--all of whom lived in the Allegheny area. Their daughters were <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31632651/marion_swan_lyons_dies_1910/">Marion</a> (born Scotland 1830), who married William Lyons (and died in 1910 leaving seven children); Jeannette "Jean" (1832), who married William Crider; Janet (1834), who never married; and Grace (1841), who married <a href="https://archive.org/details/memoirsofalleghe01innort/page/256">William B. Miller</a>. <br />
<br />
Grace's name appeared in the 1850 and 1860 census but not in the census of 1870. By 1880, her daughter, shown as "Grizzell Miller" (age 12), was living with her widowed grandmother "Grizzell" Swan. Also living at the same residence in Ross township at that time was a 40-year-old Janet Swan and James Swan, then 30. In 1891 the young Grizzell Miller, whose legal name was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31852930/grace_miller_daughter_of_the_late_w/">Grace Swan Miller</a>, married Dr. Gustave Mueller, the city physician, who was four years her senior.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb5xQbnmO_WzOSbtWAvX5NI9JUAPRTslStExSIpb695CfthjHidYAuBz3uw2jAFUBQnuAYc5zt2CviXSQFtCmI_9xC_HKo9NOoWAEXXFo80vSYj0rCmRlyjIYGLDnZF_n3TcAaOIGVYG6L/s1600/John+Swan+Jr..jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="297" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb5xQbnmO_WzOSbtWAvX5NI9JUAPRTslStExSIpb695CfthjHidYAuBz3uw2jAFUBQnuAYc5zt2CviXSQFtCmI_9xC_HKo9NOoWAEXXFo80vSYj0rCmRlyjIYGLDnZF_n3TcAaOIGVYG6L/s200/John+Swan+Jr..jpg" width="135" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/sesquicentennial00scot/page/42">John Swan, Jr.</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
We know John Swan had married Annie Ramsey, and by 1880 had numerous children, including Robert and <a href="https://archive.org/details/sesquicentennial00scot/page/41">John Swan, Jr.</a>, who were both engineers in charge of Allegheny's public works. John was one of the <a href="https://archive.org/details/sesquicentennial00scot/page/26">first postmasters</a> of the town, and his son, <a href="https://archive.org/details/sesquicentennial00scot/page/40">John, Jr.</a> would become Deputy Director of the Department of Public Works.<br />
<br />
Many of the John Swan's daughters became public school teachers who lived together in their parents' homes, along with brother, John Jr., who was unmarried as well. After her mother's death, Janet Swan also made her home with her nieces and nephew--either at 64 Union Avenue or at 1105 Allegheny Avenue. They would continue living there even
after John died in 1897.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~njm1/genealogy/uniondl-Div1.htm">Eleanor Swan</a><b> </b><span style="font-family: inherit;">(1869-1893), a daughter of Robert, Jr., married David M. Alston, an attorney. John Swan also had a son named Robert, in addition to John Swan, Jr.--a detail adding much confusion to sorting out the various Swan families.</span><br />
<br /></div>
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In 1916 the Swan family attempted to settle title to some land that had been owned by their parents. Attorney David Alston and his wife filed an ejectment suit naming Gustave's surviving spouse, Nell, and the two sons of her husband, as well as the Criders, Janet Swan and others. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36269049/pittsburgh_daily_post/">Nell countersued</a> on behalf of Gustave Mueller's sons.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b> A New Life in Baltimore</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgixMAfBeT1VE_AX5gVQFRpc2lSFnkT4csrU5LsskF1tJQ3FMQelVhfeaeK37-8eAVeuA8NdGLZKZM3EWyGVwapHGpGmPwU_6gQf4Z8vnaMHeFa-HyTChDWlED8JmvXMIIwGGnD0JFJzshV/s1600/Mueller_Freeman.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="696" data-original-width="487" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgixMAfBeT1VE_AX5gVQFRpc2lSFnkT4csrU5LsskF1tJQ3FMQelVhfeaeK37-8eAVeuA8NdGLZKZM3EWyGVwapHGpGmPwU_6gQf4Z8vnaMHeFa-HyTChDWlED8JmvXMIIwGGnD0JFJzshV/s400/Mueller_Freeman.jpg" width="278" /></a></div>
While Robert Swan Mueller was at Presbyterian-supported Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania <span id="goog_1050746504"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/">(1911-12)<span id="goog_1050746505"></span></a> he met Anna Elizabeth Freeman, whose father, <a href="http://digital.lib.lehigh.edu/cdm4/beyond_viewer.php?CISOPTR=7288&ptr=7474&searchworks=cat20">Dr. Edward Jacob Freeman,</a> announced their engagement in 1915. Anna was the Freemans' only child to survive to adulthood.<br />
<br />
Only two years later, as the United States geared up for war in June of 1917, Robert, who by then had a wife and small son, registered for the military. Instead of becoming a soldier,
however, he was employed by <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36167892/national_metal_molding_to_be_part_of/">National Metal Molding Co.</a> in Ambridge, Pennsylvania, which normally make electrical parts. Controlled by William C. Robinson, this company officially merged with National Electric Products in 1928, which became a subsidiary corporation in Phelps Dodge in 1930.<br />
<br />
Soon after he registered for the draft, Robert found an opportunity to work in Baltimore as a brass purchasing agent for
Union Shipbuilding (according to an October 1920 ad in
the <i>American Machinist</i>, which erroneously <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=f7hLAQAAIAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA748-IA6">listed
his name as R. <b><i>M</i>.</b> Mueller</a>). The 1920 census confirmed that he was indeed a brass
purchaser for the war-related shipping company, while renting a residence at 3551 Newland Avenue, and he was
also a member of the Baltimore branch of the National Association of Purchasing
Agents, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31373244/muellerpurchasing_agent_1921/">elected</a>
secretary-treasurer of the group early in 1921.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIvIvZlZ4nJG8pJE8M51nnCNXMVySBhDP_SHXv2jqr2pcYpJLKyjAK4zYi8fRe4uo-cnspqQBPrhp6T___ubzS3iFq0hMkQpn74om9lMn7DEnac73HoT1nKbPs58o6VsvtqbkVEm2IA0F2/s1600/R.S.+Mueller+broker+1923.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="158" data-original-width="384" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIvIvZlZ4nJG8pJE8M51nnCNXMVySBhDP_SHXv2jqr2pcYpJLKyjAK4zYi8fRe4uo-cnspqQBPrhp6T___ubzS3iFq0hMkQpn74om9lMn7DEnac73HoT1nKbPs58o6VsvtqbkVEm2IA0F2/s320/R.S.+Mueller+broker+1923.jpg" width="320" /></a>Once the war ended, however, the war shipping board was closed down. By 1923
Robert and his wife had purchased an upscale home at 12 Englewood in
Baltimore. At that time he opened his own office on the <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkIUAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA5-PA29&dq=%22206+vickers%22+baltimore&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiehuXi5IziAhUhmuAKHWe3CN8Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=%22206%20vickers%22%20baltimore&f=false">second
floor of the Vickers Building</a>, a red brick building on East Redwood,
just north of Baltimore's Inner Harbor. On the east side of Vickers
(225 E. Redwood) was the Keyser Building at 207 E. Redwood (now a
hotel).<br />
<br /></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5NjKLnmiGIJ_zIMTQRu8UnMdixMsaIcY1ReZ77-ozTPfjOnT43vgyHiCnNJflG5iOrNlUwpAenfNWGuPydRiWUKIHrnC5op2QbCvNdmUsRcFF9mOEtkQIi6v9m4_1ajPb-oXgKV2Xi3DF/s1600/Baltimore+1912.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="656" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5NjKLnmiGIJ_zIMTQRu8UnMdixMsaIcY1ReZ77-ozTPfjOnT43vgyHiCnNJflG5iOrNlUwpAenfNWGuPydRiWUKIHrnC5op2QbCvNdmUsRcFF9mOEtkQIi6v9m4_1ajPb-oXgKV2Xi3DF/s320/Baltimore+1912.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mueller company's <a href="http://www.bigmapblog.com/2013/birdseye-view-of-the-heart-of-baltimore-1912/">location in BALTIMORE</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
His associate in the fertilizer business was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31375382/american_agricultural_chemical/">W.
Whiteley Baker, Jr.</a>, a young man who had been arrested in 1921 for <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31375317/w_whiteley_baker_jr_arrested_1921/">fraud and writing bad checks</a>, after the death of his father. The senior Baker, a vice president at American Agricultural Chemical Company, had suffered a long illness before his retirement and subsequent death in September 1918. The ancestral Whiteley and Baker families had been partners in an international
company based in Baltimore which for many decades imported nitrates for
fertilizer--operating under the name of H. J. Baker & Bro., which
W. W. Baker, Jr. joined after leaving employment with Mueller. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYv59YKACRjSnhA12TuqVRU-rgyKig0_lSSUQFLpR2gLUSpO49JrL6uY5tv2f7BzLtoVzas4zAO-SWljZ33vtl_PvREMe47uiYL3kf4Jpze2GrjK_iAXPX2Q76-y4sDgxPfHBAw8HV8sNa/s1600/Robert+Swan+Mueller.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="223" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYv59YKACRjSnhA12TuqVRU-rgyKig0_lSSUQFLpR2gLUSpO49JrL6uY5tv2f7BzLtoVzas4zAO-SWljZ33vtl_PvREMe47uiYL3kf4Jpze2GrjK_iAXPX2Q76-y4sDgxPfHBAw8HV8sNa/s200/Robert+Swan+Mueller.jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robert S. Mueller I</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Mueller advertised his new company extensively in 1923, but thereafter it appears advertising was unnecessary. By 1926
the Robert S. Mueller Co.—broker for fertilizers and metals—had moved one door west of the Vickers Building to
the <a href="https://mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=708">Garrett
Building</a>, located at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Garrett_Building">237 E. Redwood,</a> where his office would remain for many
years. The construction of this building, erected in 1913, had been a project of Robert Garrett (1875-1961), former Olympic athlete. He and his brother, Ambassador John Work Garrett (1872-1942) were the two surviving sons of T. Harrison Garrett II (1843-1888), a third son, Horatio Whitridge Garrett having died in 1896.<br />
<br />
T. Harrison Garrett II was a son of <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242133/">John Work Garrett</a> (born in Baltimore in 1820) and a brother of an earlier Robert Garrett (1847-1896), who had married <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9608912/mary-sloan-garrett_jacobs">Mary Sloan Frick</a>. A few years after her husband's death, Mary married his doctor, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242133/">Henry Barton Jacobs</a>. She had no children with either husband. So many Robert Garretts makes it all quite confusing. The Garretts may have wondered about the middle name of Robert Mueller, since their heritage also had a Swan embedded there--stemming from a branch of the Swan family from Dumfries, Scotland, whereas the Swan family in Mueller's family hailed from Lanarkshire. According to <i>The Genealogical and Memorial Encyclopedia</i> of Maryland, at <a href="https://archive.org/details/genealogicalmemo02spen/page/628">628</a>, <a href="https://archive.org/details/genealogicalmemo02spen/page/630">Anne Elizabeth Swan </a>was the mother of Mary Sloan Frick Garrett Jacobs.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>Garrett Building Owners</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Robert Garrett constructed the office building in Baltimore in 1913 to house the investment banking firm of <a href="https://localwiki.org/hsl/Robert_Garrett">Robert Garrett & Sons</a>, decades after the Garretts began their primary business of promoting and operating the Baltimore and Ohio (B&) Railroad. The B&O connection affiliated the Garrett family with other Baltimore families, such as Alexander Brown and his sons, who had intermarried with the <a href="https://archive.org/details/alexanderbrownhi1917brow/page/40">Whitridge and Keyser</a> families through <a href="https://archive.org/details/alexanderbrownhi1917brow/page/38">Isabel Brown Graham'</a>s <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT4M7JX_4sd4bBHZR0EnfcVN25-oNHzfcwlcYgtceDRrAeab1v-DP2ingJRScSlr3jelzkDO9IovwS_cqHACZimAevPoymc07gL5rDaB11yzLuIVoNV0-gfJOhoP3FW9QGR2qMLz5-Ojc/s1600/George+Brown+tree.jpg">family line</a>--five generations after Alexander Brown started the firm which would eventually become Deutsche Bank Wealth Management (now part of <a href="https://www.raymondjames.com/news-and-media/press-releases/2016/09/06/rjf-completes-acquisition-of-deutsche-bank-wealth-managements-us-private-client-services-unit">Raymond James</a>).<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSytU_-4v2IfYb2PBiF7qkJn6aaCsnY9lVHYoqxVdPlgpXVIhs7SrUtySs3B5ilk2T-7493j1kEhHIZ52sDJOWqJllNoFtSQmbVwglg0D5ZVn-KIRN0P8nx1gIeDaOtKv5tlZiE5g0QFYd/s1600/Garrett+Evergreen.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="482" data-original-width="449" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSytU_-4v2IfYb2PBiF7qkJn6aaCsnY9lVHYoqxVdPlgpXVIhs7SrUtySs3B5ilk2T-7493j1kEhHIZ52sDJOWqJllNoFtSQmbVwglg0D5ZVn-KIRN0P8nx1gIeDaOtKv5tlZiE5g0QFYd/s200/Garrett+Evergreen.jpg" width="186" /></a>The Garretts lived in large acreage sites east of the historical area of Roland Park. The original Garrett Italianate mansion, Evergreen, was much grander than any of the Mueller family's homes. In 1910 Ambassador John W. Garrett (a grandson of the first John Work Garrett) purchased 32 acres of land adjacent to Evergreen, where his widowed mother, Mrs. T. Harrison (<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8EqlZFup7nsC&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA37">Alice Whitridge</a>) Garrett, lived and the nearby "<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35298637/amb_garrett_land_purchase1910/">Wyndhurst</a>" residence, where his brother Robert resided. John W. Garrett at the time was in his <a href="https://peoplepill.com/people/john-w-garrett/">first decade</a> of service in the diplomatic corps. By the time he retired in 1933, his mother had died, and he moved into Evergreen. The acreage he had purchased was subdivided into multi-acre lots, beginning in about 1922.<br />
<br />
Robert's son, <a href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1994-01-21-1994021003-story.html">Harrison Garrett</a>, operated Robert Garret & Sons from post-WWII until his retirement in 1974, when it was sold to Alex. Brown & Sons, also of Baltimore. Another son, Johnson Garrett, <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/138259172/margaret-garrett">married</a> a daughter of <a href="https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/197204/a.talk.with.bayard.dodge.htm">Bayard and Mary Bliss Dodge</a>, whose ancestors controlled Phelps-Dodge Company, and he was a civilian employee of NATO in Paris in 1961. There is no indication the Muellers ever traveled within the high-class social circle of the Garretts, but they did manage to get within sight of them.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>Robert S. (Bobby) Mueller, Jr.</b></i></span><br />
<br />
In late July 1936 the Baltimore Sun announced that Robert S. Mueller had purchased a home at 6 E. Giddings--a two-and-a-half story colonial with five bathrooms. The new residence, like the previous one at 12 Englewood, was located in <a href="https://baltimoreheritage.org/tag/roland-park-company/">Roland Park</a>, developed <span class="st">from plans of the renowned Olmstead Brothers just west of Evergreen, the stately home of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9aooAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA260">Garrett family</a>, now within the campus of Loyola University. Both homes were within easy reach of the </span><span class="st">Gilman Country School, which the children attended.</span><br />
<br />
Robert S. ("Bobby") Mueller, Jr., the eldest, graduated from Gilman in 1934 and then
headed off to Princeton, a different Presbyterian college than his father had attended, to join the class of 1938. Like his parents, Bobby enjoyed
all the amenities of their social set, including golf and sailboat racing, and
at Gilman had played lacrosse and football.</div>
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During the mid-1930s, Mueller Sr.’s business was doing well
enough that they acquired a second home on Gibson Island, a <a href="https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/AnneArundel/AA-936.pdf">project planned</a> in 1922 by developers Stuart and Thomas Symington, who went bankrupt because of the inauspicious timing of the project. The Muellers were also members of the Baltimore Country Club and
participated in numerous regattas with elite members of other clubs located on
the Chesapeake Bay.<br />
<br />
One such club had members such as Nina and Patsy Raskob, daughters of <a href="https://whatsupmag.com/culture/history-significance-john-jakob-raskob-1879-1950-pioneer-point/">John
J. Raskob</a>, chairman of the Democratic National Committee, who worked for
and with the du Pont family, and had a strategic role in Franklin Roosevelt’s
first term. Raskob's employer, Eugene Eleuthere du Pont, won a racing award in one of the events
also. By August 1934 du Pont was united with other members of his elite family
from Wilmington, Delaware, in opposition to FDR’s New Deal, and, according to an <a href="http://web3.unt.edu/cdl/course_projects/HIST2610/content/07_Unit_Seven/23_lesson_twenty-three/04_rctns_nw_dl.htm">online
history source</a>: "<span style="color: #666666;">former party chairman John J. Raskob joined corporate leaders such as
Alfred P. Sloan of General Motors, the DuPont family, and others to
oppose the administration in advance of the year’s congressional
elections....Many wealthy critics labeled Roosevelt a 'traitor to his class.'”</span></div>
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The closest friends of young “Bobby Mueller” during those
days, however, were sailing enthusiasts in the <a href="http://www.nshof.org/sailing-an-american-experience/us-paralympic-medalists/23-stories/yacht-clubs?start=40">Gibson
Island Yacht</a> club, such as the John Rulon-Miller, Jr. family. A civil engineer, Rulon-Miller, Jr. owned a residence on Charles Avenue
next door to Robert Garrett and also owned a second home on Gibson
Island before his untimely death in July 1931. A Princeton graduate of the class of 1905, John had grown up northwest of Philadelphia, in or near Haverford, Pennsylvania, and had moved to Baltimore in 1916 after his marriage to Anna "Nancy" Richmond Taylor, daughter of <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36339454/j_bonsall_taylor_obit1929/">J. Bonsall Taylor</a>, a Philadelphia patent lawyer.<br />
<br />
Anna had spent most of her childhood winters abroad with her family, and her sister, Margaretta Bonsall Taylor, who had married in 1907 Dr. Charles Adams Holder, a physician, who had recently divorced. Holder entered the consular service in 1909 and was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36340147/dr_charles_a_holdertrade_adviser1915/">appointed by Robert Lansing</a> in 1915 to be Woodrow Wilson's trade adviser. Anna's niece <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36340962/peggy_bonsall_holder1931/">Margaretta "Peggy" Bonsall Holder</a>, who had lived with her aunt in Baltimore for a few months in 1929 during her debutante year, was by 1931 competing in the Paris horse show. But then John Rulon Miller died from a hear condition in 1931.<br />
<br />
Anna was remarried in July 1933 to the recently divorced Douglas Elphinstone, a construction machinery dealer, who lived on Blythewood Road. They returned from France on September 3, 1933, less than a year after Anna's sister had died in Paris. The following year Anna's new husband also died, but she wasted no time in remarrying <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36390114/anna_richmond_taylor_remarriedfeb_1936/">George Blakiston, Jr.</a>, seven years her junior, in February 1936. George's father had been president of the Union Trust Co., as well as a former manager of the Hotel Belvedere for several years. They made their home in the rear of 6 Blythewood Road in 1940, but had divorced before he registered for the draft in 1942.<br />
<br />
During Anna's three marriages, the Rulon-Miller sons were attending Gilman School, Princeton and sailing during the summer months at Gibson Island. Son Berkeley T. Rulon-Miller, died at the age of 23 in 1937.<br />
<br />
Richmond Rulon Miller, their third son, was, in fact, on the lacrosse team with Bobby at Princeton. Another friend in the 1938 class at Princeton was Francis Huger McAdoo, Jr., grandson of Woodrow
Wilson’s secretary of treasury, <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3002/william-gibbs-mcadoo">William Gibbs McAdoo</a>, who had himself twice been an unsuccessful Democratic Presidential candidate before becoming a U.S. Senator from California in 1932, but was not reelected in 1938. F.H. McAdoo, Jr.'s mother was Ethel Preston McCormack, an adopted daughter of Bromo-Seltzer inventor I<a href="https://www.geni.com/people/Capt-Isaac-Edward-Emerson/6000000004079835523">saac E. Emerson</a>, who bought the estate of Brookland Wood in the Green Spring Valley north of Baltimore. Ethel Emerson and Francis H. McAdoo divorced in Paris in 1923, and in 1929 she was married to <a href="https://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=woodrow_wilson&id=I05330">Walter Winchester Keith</a>, grandson of George Brown, a previous owner of <a href="http://minorsmuse.blogspot.com/2019/09/scandals-in-alexander-brown-family.html">Brookland Wood</a>, but they divorced in 1936.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal">Emerson also had a natural daughter--Margaret Emerson--who had been the surviving widow of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, Sr., one of the wealthy men who died aboard the Lusitania in 1915. With him she had two sons, A. G. Vanderbilt, Jr. and George Washington Vanderbilt, who would grow up in Lenox, Massachusetts from 1918 during her subsequent ten-year marriage to Raymond Thomas Baker, Director of the U.S. Mint. What a tangled web of money and power! And I left half of it out, or else we would all be confused.<br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal">Both Bobby Mueller and McAdoo
were <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31595570/richmond_rulonmiller_wedding/">ushers</a> in Richmond Rulon-Miller’s wedding in 1939. McAdoo married that same year. In an interview with the <a href="file:///C:/Users/Linda/Downloads/118013--ivy-club-news_proof1_001.pdf">Princeton Ivy Vine </a>newsletter, he recounted memories of his time at Princeton, including roommates who had known John F. Kennedy--who had dropped out of Princeton due to illness after entering the class of 1939.<br />
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>The Truesdale Family</b></i></span><br />
<br />
It may have been while he was at Princeton that Bobby met his
future bride, Alice Truesdale, daughter of the youngest child of William H. Truesdale, a railroad president who had risen quickly in the ranks to succeed the notable Samuel Sloan in 1899. <br />
<br /></div>
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After five years in the Chicago area, <a href="https://www.citizensvoice.com/arts-living/truesdale-breaker-was-king-of-coal-production-1.1760103">William
H. Truesdale</a> was selected to head the New York-based Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western Railroad, which Sloan had led for many years. Sloan resigned as president and moved to the new office of
Chairman of the Board of Managers, leaving a committee of three (including <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31878731/w_h_truesdale_selected1899/">William Rockefeller</a> and George F. Baker) to name his replacement. <br />
<br />
In 1901 Truesdale
gave his eldest daughter Marie in marriage to a man 18 years her senior, Richard M.
Bissell from Lake Forest, Illinois. The Truesdales had been members within the same
Lake Forest, Illinois, social set since only September of 1894, when they had moved from Minneapolis. Not long after the wedding Marie new husband relocated them to Hartford, Connecticut where he had been named president of The Hartford insurance company. Business and social friends who <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31208841/marie_melville_truesdale_wed_to_richard/">bestowed
gifts</a> on the couple included Honore Palmer, Potter Palmer, Jr., Marshall
Field, James Stillman, William Rockefeller, and Samuel Sloan.<br />
<br />
Nine years after
the Truesdale-Bissell wedding, the 1910 census reflects Marie had three children ranging from
six years and birth, though the family had nine live-in servants to attend to
every need. </div>
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Marie Truesdale Bissell’s first child—William Truesdale
Bissell—born in Illinois in December 1902, would, like his father, go to Yale,
class of 1925, where he would be tapped for Skull and Bones. His future was cut
out for him, to rise to high office in the same insurance company—The
Hartford—where his father was president. It was the youngest son, born in 1909,
however, who became his father’s namesake. Richard Mervin Bissell, Jr. entered Yale in <a href="https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/finding_aids/pdf/Bissell_Richard_M_Jr_Papers/Appendix.pdf">1928,
after six years at Groton</a>.</div>
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Marie Truesdale’s younger siblings, Calvin and Melville, grew up in nearby Greenwich, Connecticut, from which their father would commute to his <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%28King1893NYC%29_pg133_DELAWARE%2C_LACKAWANNA_%26_WESTERN_RAILROAD_COMPANY%2C_GENERAL_OFFICES.jpg">office</a> in New York. Calvin (Yale’s
class of 1907), was a member of the glee and banjo
club, but was also tapped for Skull and Bones with fellow classmate <a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/untitled-aristocracy.html">William McCormick Blair</a>. Calvin became a securities broker
and investment banker, living out his life in Greenwich.</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRYfYWWc1yuVLuSU8qXWBe-3CKQqepIri8JLDZwB019J4zhOPC26zzTyozIBf07L-8B_9wFpWhDucwYXaLCRe17MxK_qLrY5_gICE5Xps0CmXO8dwyxDJLvTemFeI1U1gjTrcN6QcBHxu/s1600/footnote.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="656" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRYfYWWc1yuVLuSU8qXWBe-3CKQqepIri8JLDZwB019J4zhOPC26zzTyozIBf07L-8B_9wFpWhDucwYXaLCRe17MxK_qLrY5_gICE5Xps0CmXO8dwyxDJLvTemFeI1U1gjTrcN6QcBHxu/s400/footnote.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;">Melville Truesdale's voyage to Japan, 1915</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table> </div><div class="MsoNormal">The youngest child in the family, Melville Douglas
Truesdale, graduated in the Yale class of 1915, which included Dean Acheson and
four other friends who made a voyage to Japan the summer of 1915, keeping an
“anonymous log” of their trip, mentioned in a biography of Acheson. See excerpt to the right from that biography.<br />
<br />
It should be noted here that Dean Acheson, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's acting secretary of the treasury, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/11/communists-and-anti-communists-meet.html">resigned in protest</a> in FDR's first year in office, as described below by <a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e05e/7cd83c879dca7282af0b966036c9da1f15a9.pdf">Gauti B. Eggertsson.</a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">On the monetary side Roosevelt announced that the value of the dollar was no longer tied to the price of gold, effectively giving the administration unlimited power to print money. The overarching goal of these policies was to inflate the price level, and Roosevelt announced that this would be achieved through all possible means, stating: “If we cannot do this one way, we will do it another. Do it, we will.” ...<br /><br />During Roosevelt’s first year in office, several senior government officials resigned in protest. These included Lewis Douglas. Acting Secretary of the Treasury Dean Acheson was forced to resign due to his opposition to unbalanced budgets and the elimination of the gold standard. These policies violated three almost universally accepted policy dogmas of the time: (a) the gold standard, (b) the principle of balanced budget, and (c) the commitment to small government. Interestingly, the end of the gold standard and the monetary and fiscal expansion were largely unexpected, since all these policies violated the Democratic presidential platform.The data are highly suggestive of a regime change and a large shift in expectations.</span></blockquote>
In 1943, a decade after this resignation occurred, Dean Acheson's daughter, Mary Eleanor, was given in marriage to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31716209/dean_achesons_daughter_weds_william_p/">William Putnam Bundy</a>, also Skull and Bones, and a member of the same extended family as William McCormick Blair--Calvin Truesdale's Bonesman brother. Bundy's sister Katherine Lawrence Bundy, married <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11535523/hugh-auchincloss">Dr. Hugh Dudley Auchincloss, II</a>, Gordon's nephew. Gordon Auchincloss takes us back to Samuel Sloan, the man who had virtually created the railroad to which William Truesdale was promoted in 1899.<br />
<br />
Gordon's mother, Maria LaGrange "Maggie" Sloan, was the eldest daughter of Samuel Sloan. Her husband, Edgar Stirling Auchincloss (born in 1847), was one of four brothers who established a mercantile firm known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auchincloss">Auchincloss Brothers</a> in New York: John L., <a href="https://archive.org/details/johnelizabethbuc00auch/page/30">Edgar Stirling</a>, John Winthrop and Hugh Dudley, while their sister <a href="https://archive.org/details/johnelizabethbuc00auch/page/10">Sarah married Sir James Coats</a>, 1st Baronet, of J. and P. Coats Ltd, sewing cotton manufacturers in the United Kingdom, which later became <a href="https://roots.sg/learn/collections/listing/1154615">Coats & Clark</a>.<br />
<br />
Gordon was one of seven sons of Edgar and Maggie Sloan Auchincloss. Gordon would ultimately be married to a daughter of the notorious Democrat from Texas, Colonel Edward M. House, while yet another relative named Hugh Auchincloss married the mother of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, becoming her stepfather.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Conclusion</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal">There was no official intelligence service in America until the CIA, preceded by its largely unfunded preliminary attempts at information gathering, was created. But there were what I call "rich people," who were concerned about maintaining their investments abroad. Our elected governments were more or less dependent upon those millionaires to use their own funds to inform "us" about whatever it is those leaders wanted to know. <br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-85471761999667020672020-10-07T12:06:00.008-05:002022-06-14T09:17:34.215-05:00The Presidents Bush: Walker Genealogy, Part VI <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="tr_bq">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title"></h3>See previous segments of <i>The Presidents Bush</i>:<i> The Walker Genealogy</i> at this blog:<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Part I </span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">Part II</a> <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part III</a> </span><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html">Part IV</a> <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html">Part V</a></div>
<br />
<br />
<i><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">G. H. Walker's Whitney Connection</span></b></i><br />
<br />
George Herbert (Bert) Walker reached his maturity in St. Louis Society during the 1890's--the Gilded Age. International trade was on the gold standard; therefore, Europeans who held credits in dollars could demand to exchange them for gold. Foreign investors in American stocks and bonds would receive dividends and interest in dollars, which could then be converted into gold. There was more gold being shipped out than there was coming in, and banks, consequently, were constantly having to locate new sources to replace the gold reserves that backed the paper currency. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">These were the decades that followed the destruction of the second Bank of the United States and before creation of the Federal Reserve, when bank panics occurred without warning on the average of every seven years. Foreign investors felt it would be less than prudent to rely on American currency to retain its value sitting idly in their accounts.<br />
<br />
Wealthy professional members of established American families attempted to create the means of counteracting the periodic instability of the economy by establishing a secret society at Yale in 1832.</div>
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<br />
Grover Cleveland, a Democrat, elected to two non-consecutive terms during the last two decades of that century, made the gold drain his biggest campaign issue--how to keep gold reserves which backed American currency from being shipped across the ocean into the pockets of Europeans who had invested in American paper (stocks and bonds). This gold-drain issue was explained in our sister blog, <a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/accumulations-of-money-accumulated-power.html"><i>Where the Gold Is</i></a> but supplemented below.<br />
<br />
<b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i>August Belmont, Rothschilds Agent</i></span></b><br />
<br />
A Prussian banker who had worked for <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/august-belmont-1774024">Rothschild Bank</a> in Frankfurt, August (Schoenberg) Belmont, had been sent by his employer to look into its loans in Cuba in 1837. When his ship arrived in the New York port in May, he learned of massive bank failures, including that of Rothschild's former agent in Philadelphia, <a href="https://www.rothschildarchive.org/collections/treasure_of_the_month/may_2016_letter_from_august_belmont_1837">R & J Phillips</a>, and its current agents--in Baltimore, J.I. Cohen Jr., and in New York, J.L. & S. Josephs. Instead of sailing to Cuba, he opened an office at 78 Wall Street in New York City. This unauthorized action somewhat irritated the <a href="https://www.rothschildarchive.org/collections/treasure_of_the_month/may_2016_letter_from_august_belmont_1837">London house of Rothschild</a> which had, in 1834, been "awarded the commission to represent United States'
banking interests in Europe, hitherto in the hands of Baring Bros." Presumably, the commission came from President Andrew Jackson's administration.<br />
<br />
In July, the Paris branch acknowledged to newspapers that a new bank was being set up in New York for Rothschilds, without announcing its name. Internal letters from the time are quoted <span class="addmd">by <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ_DJhdN1XQC&pg=PT476&lpg=PT476&dq=%27He+is+a+stupid+young+man%E2%80%A6.Such+an+ass+needs+to+be+kept+on+a+short+leash.%27&source=bl&ots=3M2yRyfchC&sig=GtpNFc9yfCMC0rY2ueL1_mDg3SY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJrfrky9_YAhUL11MKHWlJDmwQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q='He%20is%20a%20stupid%20young%20man%E2%80%A6.Such%20an%20ass%20needs%20to%20be%20kept%20on%20a%20short%20leash.'&f=false">Niall Ferguson</a> in his book, <i>The House of Rothschild: Volume 1: Money's Prophets: 1798-1848</i>, indicating James Rothschild's distrust of Belmont's ability: "He is a stupid young man….Such an ass needs to be kept on a short leash."</span><br />
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</div>
<div class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitCJTVnGUcV1YYRsQvSiqFpDwNZ3msPRAn9409bwQ3BD5u2dMTwJ5Ec5cAI89JD9mUT8D80ydBqItq3QZBsXfsFj-94pbzvmgYvLIJt7Cv4MSxs857IZWdL9QOQZ_ihVbL_kQVM9I9-SA5/s1600/Belmont+dowry.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="423" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitCJTVnGUcV1YYRsQvSiqFpDwNZ3msPRAn9409bwQ3BD5u2dMTwJ5Ec5cAI89JD9mUT8D80ydBqItq3QZBsXfsFj-94pbzvmgYvLIJt7Cv4MSxs857IZWdL9QOQZ_ihVbL_kQVM9I9-SA5/s400/Belmont+dowry.jpg" width="308" /></a>August Belmont was allowed to represent Rothschilds
in New York under his own name. He became an American citizen in 1844 and for several years represented the commercial interests of the Austrian Hapsburg empire as consul in the New York region. During these years he made the acquaintance of John Slidell, Jr., a New York cotton broker with business connections in Natchez and New Orleans. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">Slidell's father had operated a candle and soap factory at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9lI2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA257">50 Broadway</a> before his death in 1804.
In <i>The Old Merchants of New York City</i>, the author, using the pseudonym Walter Barrett, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9lI2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA257">called John Slidell Jr. </a>"the future ex-senator, Rebel Minister, and so forth".<br />
<br />
Frank Leslie, writing in 1862, with an equally sardonic twist of wit, described Slidell as the "<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=x5REAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA65">Louisianan Gothamite</a>,"
whose Machiavelism was "cunning almost to the verge of wisdom," a trait
that led President Andrew Jackson to nominate him as United States
Attorney in New Orleans. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">Slidell was elected to Congress from Louisiana
in 1842, and from that position received an appointment as envoy to
Mexico in an attempt to avoid war over Texas. Following that failure, he
linked up with his old pal Senator Mason of New York to become the
"Cardinal Richelieu of the present gigantic Secession"--otherwise known
as the "Trent Affair". <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvSBgcaNwKDuM9hLHMpdIaUdZdhUeTNEPa3zYc_J8QkXGkEB05b_mrJtMXVpJjqIPN9iDCJOlxnaEtKWg2Ougs7tk8PEo7zevm3ft0wbwpRNlPuPZj96E6hbBEDRtXuNeEbLsj3IDC-KQx/s1600/Slidell.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="373" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvSBgcaNwKDuM9hLHMpdIaUdZdhUeTNEPa3zYc_J8QkXGkEB05b_mrJtMXVpJjqIPN9iDCJOlxnaEtKWg2Ougs7tk8PEo7zevm3ft0wbwpRNlPuPZj96E6hbBEDRtXuNeEbLsj3IDC-KQx/s200/Slidell.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sen. John Slidell of Louisiana</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
By 1849, when Belmont married Caroline Slidell
Perry, he had become extremely wealthy--wealthy enough to bestow on his bride and her family what was then a huge dowry (inset above left).<br />
<br />
Caroline's uncle, John Slidell, Jr. was yet to become a U.S. Senator from Louisiana. Her mother, the former Jane Slidell, had married a brother of the noted naval officer Oliver Hazard Perry--<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16645712/matthew_calbraith_perry_obit1858/">Matthew Calbraith Perry</a>--both men sons of yet another naval officer who sailed "<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16645422/oliver_hazard_perry_usn1813/">on the Havanna station</a>." </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">The elder Perry enlisted his services for the cause of the revolution, and was rewarded with a commission in the newly named United States Navy, for which his sons fought in the war of 1812. Oliver was destined to die after receiving accolades as the "hero of the battle of Lake Erie".<br />
<br />
At the time Belmont began his banking business in New York his future bride was living in New York with her parents, then Captain <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52026/52026-h/52026-h.htm">Matthew Calbraith </a><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52026/52026-h/52026-h.htm">Perry</a> and his wife (formerly Jane Slidell). Matthew Perry was promoted to command of the Brooklyn Navy Yard from 1841-43, and during this time was in charge of training young naval recruits. It was his decision to name Alexander Slidell, his wife's brother, to command a shakedown cruise for the <i>USS Somers</i>, to test it before its initial official voyage.<br />
<br />
Alexander--who had only recently taken the last name Mackenzie to gain an inheritance from a maternal uncle--would be the first to cause a national incident that would bring the Slidell name into question. He ordered the execution for mutiny of John Spencer, 19-year-old son of the United States Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Tyler.<br />
<br />
Employed for two years with the African Squadron to suppress the slave trade under a treaty with Great Britain, Matthew Perry patrolled the coast of west Africa until the annexation of Texas precipitated a war with Mexico, in which he served under Commodore John Rodgers.<br />
<br />
Only two years after giving his daughter in marriage to Belmont, <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vC0Kl-8mIehVa2WfzX62KBLvM6VhK8ba/view?usp=sharing">then-Commodore Perry</a> was the naval officer selected to open Japan to trade with the west, two decades after two British opium wars opened up China. <br />
<br />
<div class="tr_bq">
</div>
</div>
<div class="tr_bq">
The first August Belmont died in 1890, and his son, August II, succeeded him. One part of the Democrats' solution was to create a superior naval
fleet, financed by public corporations selling stocks in electric
street railways. <a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/search/label/William%20Collins%20Whitney">William Collins Whitney</a> was the prime mover in this endeavor. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">Cartoonists had a heyday, connecting Belmont, chairman of the National Democratic Committee, to Rothschild and thence to President Grover Cleveland. Alexander Hamilton's notion of creating a national bank had long since been destroyed by Andrew Jackson's privatization scheme. One of the least anti-Semitic of the cartoons showed Great Britain as an octopus labeled "Rothschilds" grasping the world in its tentacles.<br />
<br />
<span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i><b>The Perry Genes</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Matthew's father, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Raymond_Perry">Christopher Raymond Perry</a> (1761– 1818), a naval officer who fought in the revolution, was also the father of Oliver Hazard Perry, and his father was Judge James Freeman Perry. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsofearlyset34earl#page/492/mode/2up/search/payne">Nathan Perry</a>, was the son of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=-5Lue0cXIlAC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA492">"Judge" Nathan Perry</a>, who arrived at Black River, Ohio, in 1804 to begin a trade with Indians. One of Christopher's sisters was Mary Perry, the wife of Henry B. Payne of Ohio, while their common parents were <span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Freeman Perry and his wife</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Mercy Hazard, daughter of Oliver Hazard. Therefore, the descendants of Flora Perry Payne, wife of William Collins Whitney, became tangentially related to the Belmonts through marriage to a Perry.</span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"></span><br />
<br />
A horse racing enthusiast, W. C. Whitney had a Long Island estate where he bred horses, not far from the stables of August Belmont, who founded <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=KghPAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA443">The Jockey Club</a> in New York in 1894 along the lines of the the high society club in England. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNKfSwXwdpLLpicWrVuSIa16-8tDyqwIzQSivtnb7XCDnc0Tllcvwk7yMbSqoI0t6W4ve87FZ6d9xyNZR7R6f3kIvOjslacbmUw8AtjtkX2gvYPcoEUNnbADm6M_c39N9YG0_iN1-bu3Q/s1600/helenhaywhitney.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="198" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNKfSwXwdpLLpicWrVuSIa16-8tDyqwIzQSivtnb7XCDnc0Tllcvwk7yMbSqoI0t6W4ve87FZ6d9xyNZR7R6f3kIvOjslacbmUw8AtjtkX2gvYPcoEUNnbADm6M_c39N9YG0_iN1-bu3Q/s200/helenhaywhitney.jpg" width="137" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;">Helen Hay Whitney</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Whitney and Belmont together financed the construction of a horse-racing park at <a href="https://racinghallblog.wordpress.com/tag/august-belmont-ii/">Saratoga</a>, and Belmont II, as chairman of the Jockey Club, was entrusted with appointments to the New York Racing Commission which he also chaired until his death in 1924.<br />
<br />
After 1924 Belmont Park, founded as a memorial to his father, was managed by the Westchester Racing Association headed by W. C. Whitney's grandsons--either John Hay Whitney or Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, sons respectively of W. Payne Whitney and Harry Payne Whitney, alternated in oversight of Westchester. <br />
<br />
In <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14451469/g_h_walkerracing_commission1925/">1925 Bert Walker was appointed</a> to the state racing commission by Democratic Governor Al Smith. Walker had recently formed a partnership in Log Cabin Stud with Averell Harriman by acquiring the late August Belmont's stable. The Belmont mansion on Long Island's Old Westbury Road appears on the same page of the 1930 census as Walker's, which was listed at Wheatley Hills Road. It was also in the same vicinity as Harry Payne Whitney's mansion and stable. It was no accident that St. Louis banker and railroad receiver George Herbert (call me Bert) Walker landed at that precise location at the same time he joined with other investors in the Morgan-connected Guaranty Trust.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUr-rTKB6MbLWekrVMhyphenhyphen7y7d61TUJy5179syPTvLJOHd8p9aEpAOann3Nkn8i6U8ftK1kvkYcJDc6dRgQvadXP_kwlaKi4YxV0NUVWG_vDHyhJD_eTvTbxgOaQyNqcJpFFr0jeIlCW-EC2/s1600/Gertrude_Vanderbilt_Whitney_%2528c_1909%2529.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="368" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUr-rTKB6MbLWekrVMhyphenhyphen7y7d61TUJy5179syPTvLJOHd8p9aEpAOann3Nkn8i6U8ftK1kvkYcJDc6dRgQvadXP_kwlaKi4YxV0NUVWG_vDHyhJD_eTvTbxgOaQyNqcJpFFr0jeIlCW-EC2/s200/Gertrude_Vanderbilt_Whitney_%2528c_1909%2529.jpg" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
By 1898 Belmont and Whitney (both Democrats who had bankrolled Grover Cleveland) had succeeded in building up the American naval fleet, which had become strong enough to contest the Spanish in Cuba and the Philippines. American capitalists had reason to believe there were sufficient gold reserves stored in the Philippines that could be used to back U.S. currency for the future. John Hay, Secretary of State under President McKinley, supervised the treaty to end the Spanish-American War, and he formulated the <a href="http://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000001-0278.pdf">Open Door policy</a>.<br />
<br />
Hay's daughter Helen, in 1902, was literally given in marriage to one of W.C. Whitney’s sons, William Payne Whitney (Skull and Bones 1898), whose elder brother, Harry Payne Whitney (Skull and Bones 1894), <a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/search/label/Jock%20Whitney">married</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Vanderbilt_Whitney">Gertrude Vanderbilt</a>, a somewhat less comely daughter of America's wealthiest Democrat of that day, Cornelius Vanderbilt II. The two Whitney brothers owned large estates on Long Island near each other, where they and their spouses and children were primarily interested in racing horses and playing polo at nearby Meadowbrook in Old Westbury.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
~~~~~~~~~~~~~ </div>
<br />
Several years ago the author of Quixotic Joust posted at a sister blog, <i>Where the Gold Is</i>, a <span style="color: black;"><a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/06/citigroups-texas-midwives.html">piece about a Texas banking family</a>
(Swenson) who had been involved in financing cattle enterprises in the Texas panhandle with investors from Scotland who also were involved in cattle deals in South Texas with the King Ranch family, the Klebergs. The Swensons became wealthy
enough to move to New York and acquire an interest in the National City Bank,
now known as Citigroup. </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">James Stillman, son of Texas rancher Charles Stillman of South Texas and Connecticut, also owned a large block of stock in that same bank. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Swenson also was instrumental in
founding <a href="https://www.realhistoryarchives.com/collections/hidden/freeport-cuba.htm">Freeport Sulphur</a>,
which, as many JFK assassination researchers will recognize, had
mysterious ties to the plots against Castro and Kennedy in the 1960's. This sulphur company
also had strong financial ties to the John Hay "Jock" Whitney, grandson of W. C. Whitney, as <a href="https://kennedysandking.com/john-f-kennedy-articles/david-atlee-phillips-clay-shaw-and-freeport-sulphur">Lisa Pease</a> long ago pointed out.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black;">In the next segment, we will explain how Prescott Bush's father-in-law rose from his roots among the super-rich capitalists of Saint Louis, Missouri to settle among the super-wealthy Democrats in Long Island, New York. The wealth he managed for these Missouri millionaires was in danger of being lost when Bert stepped forward to represent them, rescuing their investments by combining the railroad they had built into what would long be known as the Gulf Coast Line, linking Texas rail lines to New Orleans and St. Louis.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>The Brownsville Syndicate of St. Louis</b></i></span><br />
<br />
The fourth of five sons of St. Louis dry goods wholesaler D. D. Walker, Bert was something of a playboy in his youth, playing polo and golf with illustrious members of St. Louis' wealthy, exclusive community.<span style="color: #990000;"><b>[1]</b></span> After he married a member of the prominent Wear family and opened his investment firm, his prosperity continued to rise as more and more family members and friends sought his brokerage company's expertise.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9LzbyKXpHAhbp692swrihnEhvPqd1KA1L0xUNa1UiV5a1jqPH-UO64seCKLtZS0PniWMBNpidkNVWuAEthV6T1thn8n5TZGhDac342IiagohTKsfpfYcDHYxfcXMneeqqpeq1tLMPBnPt/s1600/DD+Walker+Jr_engaged_bride+pic_1900.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="690" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9LzbyKXpHAhbp692swrihnEhvPqd1KA1L0xUNa1UiV5a1jqPH-UO64seCKLtZS0PniWMBNpidkNVWuAEthV6T1thn8n5TZGhDac342IiagohTKsfpfYcDHYxfcXMneeqqpeq1tLMPBnPt/s320/DD+Walker+Jr_engaged_bride+pic_1900.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
In 1909 Lulu's brother, James Hutchinson (Jim) Wear, Jr. Yale's football quarterback from the class of 1901, married Ellen Douglas Filley, whose father, John Dwight Filley, was eldest son of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FMkNAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2">Oliver Dwight Filley</a>., one of St. Louis' early pioneers. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rmsUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA431" target="_blank">Oliver Dwight Filley</a> had made his way in 1829 from Hartford County, Connecticut, where their <a href="http://bloomfieldcthistory.org/BioCOFilley_021103.pdf">father</a>, a tinsmith, had trained his sons to make decorative tinware. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rmsUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA430">Giles Franklin Filley</a> followed his older brother to St. Louis in 1834.<br />
<br />
The first marriage that linked Bert Walker to the Filley family had occurred in 1900, when his brother, David Davis Walker, Jr., married <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cc4yAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA445&lpg=PA445&dq=%22david+davis+walker%22+filley&source=bl&ots=tZSu3oAK1d&sig=2wRFypSMUhB_PWfbc10_MKeinHs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinzcHluuHWAhVq4oMKHSpDADkQ6AEIRDAF#v=onepage&q=%22david%20davis%20walker%22%20filley&f=false">Louise Garneau Filley</a>, who had been a close friend of Bert's wife, the former <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14268939/louise_filleylulu_wear1897/">Lulu Wear</a>, a hostess in at Louise's debutante ball in 1897, which Bert and his brother Sid attended. Louise's father was the sixth son of Giles Filley, giving the two Filley girls a common great-grandfather back in Connecticut.<br />
<br />
Oliver, who had been elected mayor of St. Louis in 1858 and became a powerful force in the city, died in 1881, survived by his widow Chloe Filley and three sons and three daughters. The eldest child was <u>John Dwight Filley</u> (born 1835), who lived at 40 Westmoreland Place as early as 1902. Vice-president of the St. Louis Union Trust Company beginning in 1891, he was president by 1909, at the same time Bert's second eldest brother (<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9p_bAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.SL3-PA134">J. Sidney Walker</a>) was assistant treasurer.<span style="color: #990000;"><b>[2]</b></span> Also on the St. Louis Union Trust board of directors that year sat Benjamin F. Yoakum, chairman of the Frisco Railroad, the man responsible for putting together what became known as the "<a href="http://www.valleymorningstar.com/life/article_bd0c8aa2-bee6-11e4-b8f9-43f19c299406.html">Brownsville Syndicate</a>."<br />
<br />
Yoakum signed on to the plan to build a railroad from Houston to Brownsville in 1902--a project initially inspired by the King Ranch (King and Kleberg) family who gave <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fki16">75,000 aces</a> of their land for the railroad--to be constructed by <a href="http://www.valleymorningstar.com/life/article_bd0c8aa2-bee6-11e4-b8f9-43f19c299406.html">Uriah Lott</a>:<span style="color: #666666;"> </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In 1902 Lott approached Benjamin F. Yoakum, the president of the St. Louis
and San Francisco Railroad, known affectionately as the Frisco Railway.
For years in the past Yoakum had been Lott’s right hand man. They
recalled that 15 years earlier [1887] Lott had broached the subject of
extending the railroad from Alice to Brownsville, but this latter city
never came up with any financing. Lott now rationalized that in addition
to the cattle to be hauled there was good land to be opened to
agriculture. Yoakum picked up the ball, formed a syndicate.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">It wasn’t only land dedicated by South Texans (mainly ranchers) that
allowed the formation and success of this railroad company but big bucks
from seventy-two subscribers in all finally swung the deal, and St.
Louis financiers headed the list. <i>It was the St. Louis Union Trust
Company which in 1903 came forward with $400,000.</i> Its individual
officers signed up for almost a similar amount. Construction of the
141.75 miles from Robstown to Brownsville was going to cost $12,250 per
mile; the branch line which would parallel the river for an additional
55.73 miles would cost $11,500 per mile. Benjamin F. Yoakum of the
Frisco Line and Sam W. Fordyce an Arkansas railroad developer, were
among others who signed a <i>contract making the St. Louis Trust manager</i> of
the enterprise and agreed to give it a 1 ½ % commission. Construction
began in Robstown in August 1903 and Brownsville was reached July 4,
1904. The through line to Houston wouldn’t open until December 31, 1907.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span><span style="color: #666666;">Originally chartered, on June 6, 1903, to run
from Sinton to Brownsville with a westerly branch to the Starr County
line, the charter was later amended to extend the line to Houston among
other cities. The initial capital of the company was $1,000,000 and its
principal place of business, Kingsville. <i>Members of the first board of
directors were Robert J. Kleberg, Dr. Arthur E. Spohn, Robert Driscoll,
Jr., Uriah Lott, Richard King, John G. Kenedy, James B. Wells, Francisco
Yturria, and Thomas Carson.</i> Lott was named first president of the
railway.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">
Lon C. Hill, Harlingen’s founder who had
dedicated railroad right-of-way land surrounding and through the
townsite which he one day planned to lay out, was later to recognize the
contributions made by the railroad backers.</span></blockquote>
<ul>
</ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhELZBQrGAAxta1eXbadMJuJXRUrbOPSZmGJGv3HvhkjXTHWLcBaqy0UvQl7BhvZf0bPxO0yatVVAg0qfimDRkpgNYegOfaFZkroi9iUwE0SLErSyH0V-WLmIdCXYkLBXtkesocO8vCYC8u/s1600/Bixby.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhELZBQrGAAxta1eXbadMJuJXRUrbOPSZmGJGv3HvhkjXTHWLcBaqy0UvQl7BhvZf0bPxO0yatVVAg0qfimDRkpgNYegOfaFZkroi9iUwE0SLErSyH0V-WLmIdCXYkLBXtkesocO8vCYC8u/s200/Bixby.jpg" width="159" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">W.K. Bixby</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Yoakum had been general manager of the St.
Louis-based Frisco since 1896, and named chairman in 1904. He was
well-known among all businessmen in St. Louis, judging from his ability
to promote an idea described by Walter Barlow Stevens' book, <i>St. Louis: The Fourth City</i>
(1911). In 1908 Yoakum believed the sluggish economy was healthy, but
because people were wary of investing, prosperity could be fostered
simply by convincing them to spend.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1eLtE2uDcB1dmBjJgwUWIega5TIMJIzDNYm1BI8XZ-WSoxgG9jsDoOXe07yIvnPYYihyphenhyphenVh62TkOBS3DLwLF_CcgJKbQNYGItSNl3gznjZAYNmrN56RLzkL_r-7Gw9u8a2wE7Qufy42-G5/s1600/A.T.+Perkins.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1eLtE2uDcB1dmBjJgwUWIega5TIMJIzDNYm1BI8XZ-WSoxgG9jsDoOXe07yIvnPYYihyphenhyphenVh62TkOBS3DLwLF_CcgJKbQNYGItSNl3gznjZAYNmrN56RLzkL_r-7Gw9u8a2wE7Qufy42-G5/s200/A.T.+Perkins.jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Col. A. T. Perkins</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The idea was implemented in St. Louis by incorporating the National Prosperity Association with <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Cj0VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA610" target="_blank">Edward Campbell Simmons</a> as chairman and <a href="http://wustl.edu/community/visitors/tour/danforth/bixby-hall.html" target="_blank">William K. Bixby</a> vice chairman of the board of directors. Bixby had been an integral part of the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904,
while at the same time serving as a trustee of Washington University. Others with that dual role were <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Cj0VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA795" target="_blank">David R. Francis, Adolphus Busch and A. L. Shapleigh</a>.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7V04gwWKtVJzzAvZWLXgy0dxLygT-f3xnkJrwYmsMNhMeoBl-XTSAz02I8dKGSD-m0INqXMejmPOSLa9uUKeeLabP0a3wB8nZVdfZoOb_0ZzOxjJOCIeQt_GlgJny_iNsh5KDESo414g8/s1600/Bixby+letter.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="499" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7V04gwWKtVJzzAvZWLXgy0dxLygT-f3xnkJrwYmsMNhMeoBl-XTSAz02I8dKGSD-m0INqXMejmPOSLa9uUKeeLabP0a3wB8nZVdfZoOb_0ZzOxjJOCIeQt_GlgJny_iNsh5KDESo414g8/s400/Bixby+letter.jpg" width="350" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;">Brownsville Syndicate controlled by St. Louis wealthy</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Simmons had in 1874 founded <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Cj0VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA473" target="_blank">Simmons Hardware</a>, and later sent to Yale his three sons--Wallace Delafield Simmons (<a href="http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1929-30.pdf" target="_blank">Skull and Bones, 1890</a>), Edward Helfenstein Simmons (1892), and George Welch Simmons (Wolf's Head 1900). Simmons' wife's brothers and nephews, the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Pi04AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA398" target="_blank">Helfensteins</a>, were also Yale grads. </div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"></div><div class="tr_bq"><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /> Albert Thompson Perkins had been superintendent of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Fc06AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA213" target="_blank">Chicago, Burlington & Quincy</a>
in St. Louis--the old Forbes-owned railroad--before being hired by the
Frisco system in 1906. He was hired as an adviser for the St. Louis <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=MrIRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA414" target="_blank">Bridge and Terminals Commission</a> formed in 1905 to investigate bridge and railroad terminal traffic congestion in St. Louis, along with <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Fc06AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA213" target="_blank">Hugh McKittrick and R. W. Shapleigh</a>. He was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=aaQ4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA422" target="_blank">commissioned in 1916</a> by the <a href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/wall-street-wars/" target="_blank">Businessmen's Training Camp</a> in Plattsburgh, N.Y., before fighting in France during WWI.</div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMFaUq5GQxVuh5R3xoxYIvgHNxi3eYgAbsY9ZFG8wkMexXnJHMuStbXu-DFkGAuOjHd5gBFIkPfktqDz-kOkAsYvU5zEsJnU7XrCgmqOEXfoJXozWStCcQlEJvtgNpKEFreTEyeGjCQT5k/s1600/Yoakum_St.+Louis+Union+Trust_G.H.+Walker_1911.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMFaUq5GQxVuh5R3xoxYIvgHNxi3eYgAbsY9ZFG8wkMexXnJHMuStbXu-DFkGAuOjHd5gBFIkPfktqDz-kOkAsYvU5zEsJnU7XrCgmqOEXfoJXozWStCcQlEJvtgNpKEFreTEyeGjCQT5k/s400/Yoakum_St.+Louis+Union+Trust_G.H.+Walker_1911.jpg" width="146" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">G. H. Walker & Co.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
Perkins was the railroad expert for the St. Louis Union Trust
Co., whose chairman was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F6fbAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.SL1-PA369" target="_blank">Thomas H. West</a>.
In 1911 the management selected G. H. Walker & Co. of St. Louis as
underwriter of the securities issued on behalf of the various short
lines the Frisco was building and
purchasing to complete and extend its routes. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">Unfortunately for these
businessmen, however, the railroads were headed for receivership in
1913, a legal process which would last three years--ended in part by
America's entry into WWI and its need for transportation services.
During the receivership years, the name of G. H. Walker was often seen
in connection with the parent and subsidiary companies of the Frisco.<br />
<br />
As
America drew closer to entry in WWI, the Democratic President Woodrow
Wilson and his attorney general, Thomas W. Gregory, partly as a result
of the big Black Tom explosion in 1916, decided to expand the federal
security force to include a volunteer army, as it were. Sixteen of the
most influential corporations in St. Louis, undoubtedly many of the same
ones involved as investors in the railroad owned by the St. Louis Union
Trust, for whom G. H. Walker acted as receiver for several years,
contributed funds to operate a local district office of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Protective_League">American Protective League</a>. They again appointed him as their representative, naming him <a href="https://archive.org/stream/webhough00hougrich#page/292/mode/2up/search/walker">district chief</a> of the St. Louis division, where he served until the APL was abandoned in February 1919.<b><span style="color: #cc0000;">[4]</span></b><br />
<br />
In <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html">Part IV</a>
of this series on the Walker clan, we wrote that during the same
time he was dealing with World War I sabotage and slackers, Bert Walker
was also in a war with his own father over how Bert's parents' estate
was to be given away. He and his brother David Jr. sought to have D.D.
Sr. declared incompetent and in need of a guardian for his estate
in January 1918, a lawsuit still pending at the time of their father's death, at about the same time WWI
ended. Almost as soon as the APL was abolished, Bert's niece, an orphan
who had been under her grandparents' care most of her life, went to the
Far East to work for New York attorney <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Alfred L. Marilley, general counsel for the boxing board as well as for the International Sporting Club (ISC).</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span>
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>The Move from St. Louis to New York</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6pNJs9SiDHUkO-K7jmuG-X2zZapAsyG33diuTjAkC_SCddTwWML0p6zM4DxvShZvhCGq7PJj6J-U8DnIXBCEynYww8lhJQ7bUV5P2LYrlgvcwsWfgoWZ7kxRpfrhhZ4MSsvTnt6KVb9la/s1600/clubs.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6pNJs9SiDHUkO-K7jmuG-X2zZapAsyG33diuTjAkC_SCddTwWML0p6zM4DxvShZvhCGq7PJj6J-U8DnIXBCEynYww8lhJQ7bUV5P2LYrlgvcwsWfgoWZ7kxRpfrhhZ4MSsvTnt6KVb9la/s320/clubs.jpg" width="159" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/abroadathomeamer00stre" target="_blank">by Julian Street</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Authors of <a href="http://e/" target="_blank"><i>Westmoreland and Portland Places</i></a> lead us to believe that the <i>creme de la creme </i>of St. Louis business wealth in the 1890s lived on two adjacent streets, which were <a href="http://stlouispatina.com/2008/04/11/portland-place-and-hortense-place/" target="_blank">secluded and gated</a> from the rest of the city. These families were the friends and neighbors of
George Herbert (Bert) Walker, for whom George Bush was
named. Walker would soon realize, however, that the exclusivity of St. Louis was nothing compared to the society of Long Island.<br />
<span style="color: #444444;"><span class="addmd"> </span></span> <br />
Bert Walker's daughters, Dorothy and Nancy, had been St. Louis debutantes in 1919, and both had acted in a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeMDNwSUlsaXo0SnM/view?usp=sharing">local film</a>
their aunt, Mrs. Max Kotany, who had married a man from Hungary, helped sponsor the film to benefit the YWCA.
Shortly after the film was shown, Bert moved the family to New York, and
a year later, Dorothy was married at the Walker's summer home in Maine
to Prescott Bush.<br />
<br />
Howard F. Whitney, secretary of the American Golf
Association (USGA) helped Bert
obtain passports for himself and daughter Nancy Walker prior to their departure for Europe that spring. Bert, elected <a href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1920/1/22/u-s-g-a-committee-will/">president</a> of the USGA in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14180361/bert_walkerpresident_of_usga1920/">January 1920</a>, would be <a href="https://www.usga.org/content/dam/usga/pdf/2015-USGA-Media-Guide.pdf">succeeded</a>
in that office a year later by Whitney, who graciously helped Bert
entertain his daughters while they were in New York. The young ladies
attended at least <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14138529/dorothy_and_nancydeb_dinner_in_new/">one debutante ball</a> given for a friend of Whitney's daughter Carol, then returned home to prepare for a European tour with the family.<br />
<br />
Howard F. Whitney's grandfather (Henry Norris Whitney) had been a partner in the <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/social-history/2017/america-first-howard-major-at-palm-beach">Kissam, Whitney & Co</a>.
investment firm with Benjamin Kissam, whose sister, Maria Louise, married the son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, becoming mother of <a href="https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&p=gertrude&n=vanderbilt">Gertrude Vanderbilt,</a>
the wife of Harry Payne Whitney. Thus, Howard Whitney was more closely
related to society through the Kissam lineage than through the Whitneys. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">In fact,
this New York branch of Whitneys had no American connection to the
family of William Collins Whitney (who stemmed from <a href="http://wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php/Family:Whitney,_John_(1592-1673)">John Whitney</a>, who arrived in Watertown, Massacusetts). Rather, the first ancestor of H. N. Whitney was <a href="http://wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php/Family:Whitney,_Henry_(s1615-1673)">Henry Whitne</a>y (born 1615) who arrived in Norwalk, Connecticut before 1652.<br />
<br />
Notwithstanding the lack of kinship with brothers Harry Payne Whitney and W. Payne Whitney, Howard was familiar with them from charity events and committees, such as the Piping Rock Horse Show. At
the time of his election as president of the USGA, Bert had not yet
relocated from St. Louis, but he did play golf at The Links in Manhasset, near the Harry Payne Whitney estate of Greentree. Eventually he acquired a residence on Long
Island near the <a href="http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=40.794123&lon=-73.572006&z=14&m=b&v=2" target="_blank">Wheatley Hills Golf Club</a>, which was also quite close to the Meadow Brook polo fields.<br />
<br />
<br />
Bert Walker and his much younger boss, Averell Harriman, purchased their first horses for <a href="https://saratogainstitute.wordpress.com/2015/07/10/log-cabin-stud-the-bipartisan-politically-powerful-stable/" target="_blank">Log Cabin Stud</a>,
a partnership they formed in 1922, not far from the mansions of multi-millionaire Harry Payne
Whitney and the late August Belmont II. Harriman was chairman of W.A. Harriman & Co., while
Walker was president of the investment bank from 1920 until 1931.
Prescott Bush worked for the bank before 1931, but then moved with
Averell and Roland Harriman to Brown Brothers Harriman, after a merger
with the older bank, whose partners were beginning to die off.<br />
<br />
Payne Whitney's Long Island
mansion, which consisted of 600 acres, shows up in the New York census
of 1915 listing the Whitney family with 16 resident servants. After
daughter Joan married Charles Shipman Payson, she built her own mansion
within the acreage, having an address of Shelter Rock Road, Manhasset.<br />
<br />
In
1925 the Walker family reported their home as an apartment at 453
Madison Avenue at East 50th Street, directly across the street from St.
Patrick's Cathedral. By then the future "Uncle" Herbie (G. H. Walker III) was attending Yale. The 1940 census
shows Herbie's family living in Greenwich on Dingletown Road, but at the
time his wife died decades later, their address was 64 Hawthorne, much
closer to the Bush network of families.<br />
<br />
Dottie Walker, Bert and Loulie's daughter, married Prescott Bush in 1921, and Herbie married<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ro0DAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA16" target="_blank"> Mary Dillon Carter</a>,
a St. Louis girl, in the fall after completing Yale (class of 1927, Skull and Bones). He then returned to St. Louis for a time to run
the investment bank founded by his father in that city, while Bert
remained in New York until his death in 1953. When Herbie's younger
brother, James Wear Walker, married Sarah O'Keefe in 1948, a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11638505/walker_address1_sutton1948/" target="_blank">news item</a>
stated the elder Walkers lived at 1 Sutton Place, South, and that James
and his bride were to live in Old Westbury on Long Island, most likely
the Wheatley Hills stud farm Bert had acquired when he and Averell Harriman had dissolved their Log Cabin Stud partnership many years earlier.<br />
<br />
Averell Harriman's affinity
for Bert Walker may have been passed to him by his own father,
who admired Bert's ability to take pools of money begging to be managed
and to use those funds in productive technology. Bert took western wealth
from St. Louis back to the East and helped the Harriman sons meld those
fortunes with even older fortunes long managed by investment bankers from other parts of
the country--bankers he would meet playing golf and polo at country
clubs on Long Island for the most part.</div><div class="tr_bq"><br />
</div>
<div class="tr_bq">
</div>
<div class="tr_bq">
<i><b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">Wealth of Saint Louis</span></b></i><br />
<br />
The capital syndicate in St. Louis -- comprised
largely of the St. Louis Trust Company -- was initially incorporated in 1889 by<br />
<ul>
<li>Edward C. Simmons, </li>
<li><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIk6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1118&lpg=PA1118&dq=%22john+a.+scudder%22&source=bl&ots=oAdtxURCJi&sig=6HeJI40KbRto41Kh1J859FwLC8s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv4vb21dnKAhVHOiYKHUD5C6AQ6AEIRzAJ#v=onepage&q=%22john%20a.%20scudder%22&f=false" target="_blank">John A. Scudder</a> (owner of steamboat and packet companies on Mississippi River), and </li>
<li>Samuel M. Kennard (an organizer of the <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=lIk6AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1819" target="_blank">Mercantile Club</a>). <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=lIk6AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1397" target="_blank">Daniel Catlin</a> (director of State Savings Association and of <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=lIk6AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1820" target="_blank">St. Louis Club</a>)
and </li>
<li>John T. Davis (an owner of Samuel C. Davis dry goods at Washington
and Fifth), were not present at the first organizing meeting but had an
interest in creating the trust company. </li>
<li>Thomas
H. West was made president with </li>
<li>John Tilden Davis
serving as first vice president. The trust company's first office was a
small room in the Equitable building at Sixth and Locust streets with a
capital of $500,000. During the merger in 1902 with the Union Trust Co.,
it acquired the latter's building at <a href="http://dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-nr/82004743.pdf" target="_blank">705 Olive</a>, in which </li>
<li>A. L. Shapleigh had been an early director. After the merger, the
St. Louis Union Trust Co. moved to new offices St. Louis Trust had built in
1900 at Fourth and Locust.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<u>Jeannette Filley</u>, married Isaac Morton, and lived two doors away from
the Walker family when the 1900 census was made. Between their two
homes lived Marion Lionberger Davis and her husband <a href="http://collections.mohistory.org/resource/148573.html" target="_blank">John D. Davis</a>, an attorney and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1S0BAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA52" target="_blank">son of Horatio N. Davis</a>, affiliated with the Mississippi Valley Trust Co. As we see in the inset above, Jeannette Morton and her late husband's estate were also members of the Brownsville Syndicate.<br />
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<u>Maria Filley</u> married <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rmsUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA237" target="_blank">John Tilden Davis</a>,
who would die at the young age of 50 in 1894. This marriage helped Davis expand his family's own wealth ("<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rmsUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=Davis+%22added+vastly+to+his+patrimony%22&source=bl&ots=IvHzAjs-A4&sig=NLn9FVZlfw5hHUED8q8zqoca99o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYifW9o9fLAhXERiYKHbOpDzAQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=Davis%20%22added%20vastly%20to%20his%20patrimony%22&f=false" target="_blank">added vastly to his patrimony</a>")
into the St.
Louis Trust Co. (later St. Louis Union Trust). Maria Filley Davis' son became the famous tennis
enthusiast <b>Dwight Filley Davis</b> whose
name is most well known for donating the funds to establish the Davis
Cup, which G.H. Walker helped him set up. John T. Davis' father, Samuel C.
Davis and uncle, John Tilden, had been founding partners in a wholesale
dry goods company as early as 1837; Samuel Davis bought out his
brother-in-law in 1852 and named the company for himself. He
later made his son, John Tilden Davis, a partner with him. John T. Davis built a mansion at <a href="http://collections.mohistory.org/resource/148574.html" target="_blank">17 Westmoreland</a> Place in 1893. Dwight F. Davis was thus a first cousin to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=appIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA106">Louise Filley Walker</a>, wife of Bert's brother, David D. Walker, Jr.<br />
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<u>Alice Filley</u> married <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KgI2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA800&lpg=PA800&dq=%22robert+moore%22+st.+louis+engineer&source=bl&ots=oIO76rpg0C&sig=xZ3w_G8i_NSEIKDN_NJnkEABKHQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiko8a6xdnLAhWK5yYKHeVJDjkQ6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=%22robert%20moore%22%20st.%20louis%20engineer&f=false" target="_blank">Robert Moore</a> and lived at 61 Vandeventer, a few doors away from her sister, Jeannette Filley Morton, near the Walker family home in which Bert grew up. A civil engineer for various short line railroads affiliated with E. H. Harriman's Illinois Central, Moore helped reorganize the St. Louis & Southwestern Railway Company ("Cotton Belt"), and was elected a director in its <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=U2s4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA6" target="_blank">first year</a> of operation, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=U2s4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2" target="_blank">1892</a>, joining that board with Jay Gould's son <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7810666" target="_blank">Edwin</a>, who, with Samuel Fordyce, ran the company until Fordyce resigned in 1898. This is the railroad which would become affiliated with <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html">the Frisco</a> (St. Louis & San Francisco), as mentioned in an <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html">earlier post</a> at this blog, where it is stated:<br />
<ul>
</ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">...[I]n 1911 the Gould-owned Missouri Pacific made a high-dollar
deal with B.F. Yoakum, of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway
(Frisco) Company. Yoakum had purchased a huge estate in Farmingdale,
Long Island, New York two years earlier and used his profit to improve
his farms. In 1913 the Frisco was placed in receivership by its major
creditor, the St. Louis Union Trust, which selected an investment banker
from St. Louis as receiver. George Herbert (Bert) Walker, whose bank
had invested $60,000 in the syndicate which bought from Gould, had
grown up in St. Louis among the other members of the syndicate whose
secret hope was to sell out to the Frisco in short order. A U.S. Senate
investigation revealed <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14199077/insiders_investigatedfriscoyoakum1913/">the insider trade</a> in 1913. By 1920 Walker, too,
had moved to Long Island--to Old Westbury--about twelve miles west of
Yoakum's rustic farm, into the heart of horse breeders and bankers who
had more money than St. Louisans could dream of. Doug Wead's biography
of Bert's grandson, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000FCK33M/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B000FCK33M&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=UUGQN3OMSL5O55XN">The Raising of a President</a>, indicated the move may have begun as early as 1919. </span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><u>Oliver Brown Filley</u>, whose first wife died in childbirth in 1866, later married Mary Churchill McKinley, whose middle name was derived from her aunt, wife of Alexander Pope Churchill, from the <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=180884234">family</a> for whom Churchill Downs in Kentucky was named. </li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Oliver's death in 1887 was soon followed by the death of Mary's mother (Mary Moss Wilcox McKinley) in 1893. A few months after her mother's death, Mary Filley (address 2923 Washington Avenue in St. Louis), packed up her four children, her unmarried sister and an entourage of servants, and moved to London. In August 1903, her son Oliver sailed from Liverpool on the same ship with Rev. Endicott Peabody's large family, bound for Boston, where he entered Harvard. A 1905 directory shows that both mother and son lived at 76 Mt. Vernon St. in Boston. She returned to London to live with her eldest daughter in 1914 but had to return to the States in November 1915 for emergency reasons. Her new 1916 passport application said she had a home in St. Louis, as well as a residence in Beverly, Massachusetts (where the E. M. House family also spent summers).</blockquote>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><i>Mary Elizabeth Filley</i> (born 1880) married in 1908 Welsh surgeon, <a href="https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E005368b.htm">Duncan Campbell Lloyd Fitzwilliams</a> from Cardiganshire and had two children by 1911 (census); she died in 1919. Her husband received his medical training in Edinburgh at about the same time George Herbert Walker was said to be studying pre-med in Edinburgh, around 1893-94, before entering <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html">law school in St. Louis in 1895</a>. Duncan also had a younger brother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_H._L._Fitzwilliams">Gerald Hall Lloyd Fitzwilliams</a>,. During WWI the Fitzwilliams brothers were involved with Muriel Paget's Anglo-Russian Hospital in Petrograd. Gerald was also recruited by <a href="http://hkmd1841-1941.blogspot.hk/2013/09/dr-gerald-hall-lloyd-fitzwilliams-1906.html">British Intelligence</a> in 1915.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhti4VwMRM3h20VK2YC_wpDbm2VUdhViznMoJMQTKrvg_C77MU1x-jbyyNAY-h9mJFQ9Tzl8ycQDMqLV2gnWTQXB4Ba2-1M1IbAALwlNmDtJb6vYm20QHdU8a8tJspt1Cmt43Nk2ohwstao/s1600/Suydam+Cutting+pic.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="533" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhti4VwMRM3h20VK2YC_wpDbm2VUdhViznMoJMQTKrvg_C77MU1x-jbyyNAY-h9mJFQ9Tzl8ycQDMqLV2gnWTQXB4Ba2-1M1IbAALwlNmDtJb6vYm20QHdU8a8tJspt1Cmt43Nk2ohwstao/s320/Suydam+Cutting+pic.jpg" width="250" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.meridian.org/pathtoharmony/gallery/37/">Members</a> of The Room, 1929 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<li><b><i>Oliver Dwight Filley</i></b> (born in 1883 in Boston) attended prep school at Rugby, England, and graduated from Harvard in 1906. After rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army's Aviation Section, Signal Corps in WWI, in 1917 he married <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9901E1DE1E3AE433A25751C0A9649D946696D6CF" target="_blank">Mary Percy Pyne</a>, daughter of <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=99607827" target="_blank">Percy Rivington Pyne</a> and <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04EFDD1339E333A25753C1A9639C946297D6CF" target="_blank">Maud Howland Pyne</a>--thus combining one segment of St. Louis's wealth with that of the National City Bank (today part of Citigroup). Mary Pyne grew up in a mansion at <a href="http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2011/08/1911-percy-rivington-pyne-house-no-680.html" target="_blank">680 Park Avenue</a>, and her mother Maud, daughter of <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=28868003" target="_blank">Gardiner Greene Howland</a>, a founder of Pacific Mail Steamship, was half-sister to <a href="https://www.geni.com/people/Rebecca-Roosevelt/6000000003138871455" target="_blank">Rebecca Howland</a>, first wife of <a href="https://www.geni.com/people/James-Roosevelt/6000000000886218076" target="_blank">James Roosevelt</a>, and mother of James (Rosy) Roosevelt, Jr. After Rebecca's death, her husband married Sara Delano. James and Sara's only child was Franklin D. Roosevelt, Rosy's half-brother, and cousin of <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/the-way-they-live/2015/big-old-houses-a-park-avenue-story" target="_blank">Mary Pyne</a> (Mrs. Oliver) Filley. After Oliver's death, Mary Filley married widower, C. <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/social-history/2013/resort-life-chapter-xvii-1965-1966" target="_blank">Suydam Cutting</a>, one of her late husband's associates in an espionage ring known as "<a href="http://cryptome.info/0001/fdr-astor/fdr-astor.htm">The Room</a>," which helped FDR with secret intelligence matters in the days before the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1932 Cutting had married Helen McMahon Brady, widow of <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/social-history/2013/resort-life-chapter-xvii-1965-1966">James Cox Brady</a>, who died in 1927, and Helen died in 1961. Cutting died in 1972.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li><i>Anne McKinley Filley</i> (born 1886) married John Stanley Ames, a son of Boston's wealthiest resident, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Lothrop_Ames">Frederick Lothrop Ames</a>. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
There are also several connections we find between the Filleys listed above and the Walker family, which also link them to the Bushes. One example of these long-term ties is Nicholas Brady. Nick Brady became head of Dillon Read & Co., and was later appointed secretary of the treasury during the last four months of President Reagan's second term, continuing under George Bush. Twenty years earlier, however, Nick's father, James Cox Brady, Jr. had been chairman (1962-68) of the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/belmontpark1905100newy#page/3/mode/1up/search/brady">New York Racing Association</a>, sitting on the state racing board with John Hay (Jock) Whitney, Robert J. Kleberg, Jr., Ogden Phipps, Joseph Walker, Jr., and others--the same position Nick claimed as early as 1977. James Cox Brady, Sr. was <a href="https://www.paulickreport.com/news/people/former-u-s-senator-treasury-secretary-nicholas-f-brady-joins-whoa/">Nicholas F. Brady</a>'s paternal grandfather. <br />
<br />
Though Joseph Walker was not a member of the G.H. Walker family, he was married to a niece of Averell Harriman, Bert Walker's partner at W.A. Harriman & Co. from 1920-1931. </div><div class="tr_bq"> </div><div class="tr_bq">Phipps had been long-time chairman of the <a href="http://nysbar.com/blogs/EASL/2015/07/log_cabin_stud_the_bipartisan.html">Jockey Club</a>, while Bert Walker was "a member of the Jockey Club, and for approximately a decade-- until 1934--he was a member of the New York State Racing Commission." <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVRhFHiYptm37ITGSymkaxzH_mOc1bytTdwl_44KK6vXjRbZ6k-oz1usybZKqHC2dG7rmFfPNwCiHSrIgAgkdJkr7fYKj4jhH11FU48siGN4Od-XxngBBWzhwq0PsgT0Pb6-528S8DqUlc/s1600/Cowperthwaite+house.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="737" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVRhFHiYptm37ITGSymkaxzH_mOc1bytTdwl_44KK6vXjRbZ6k-oz1usybZKqHC2dG7rmFfPNwCiHSrIgAgkdJkr7fYKj4jhH11FU48siGN4Od-XxngBBWzhwq0PsgT0Pb6-528S8DqUlc/s320/Cowperthwaite+house.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Trump puts name on Lamington House.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1936 Helen Brady Cutting announced the marriage of her stepdaughter, Victoria Brady, to <a href="http://Jock Cowperthwaite">John Knox Cowperthwaite</a>, whose family had been the first to introduce installment selling four generations earlier. His father, Morgan Cowperthwaite, built a replica of the East Wing of the White House on his farm known as Lamington House, which is now the club house for the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14204671/trump_rescues_lamington_house_and/">Trump National Golf Course</a> in Bedminster, New Jersey. In 1981 John DeLorian bought the estate but lost it in bankruptcy in 2000 to Donald Trump.<br />
<br />
Trump put his name on it, and it is one of the many golf courses the current President owns, on the long list of choices of where he has played golf almost every weekend since his election in 2016.<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="tr_bq">
</div>
<div class="tr_bq">
<br />
<ul><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWUy7mUG0P0fQ1wAvBtp-la83BAty18v72YUcSbg1N77L2NMjvvxH3m2W8E8kTIbUtu39ZoR_1Ub5-PQEuLnC4ZeeI5bSoCHFvHWExpxIb8ztEhdqYGSmY7DOvtbqz0dksMEWSFHrjne9_/s1600/Helen+Gratz+1923.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWUy7mUG0P0fQ1wAvBtp-la83BAty18v72YUcSbg1N77L2NMjvvxH3m2W8E8kTIbUtu39ZoR_1Ub5-PQEuLnC4ZeeI5bSoCHFvHWExpxIb8ztEhdqYGSmY7DOvtbqz0dksMEWSFHrjne9_/s640/Helen+Gratz+1923.jpg" width="443" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dorothy Walker, close friend of Helen Gratz</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Robert Filley's elder brother, F. Herbert Filley (Louis Filley Walker's uncle), married Mary Colt and moved during the 1920s to Greenwich, Connecticut (living for years about three miles away from Prescott Bush). This brother <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SY9GAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA165" target="_blank">worked</a> for the American Manufacturing Company, whose history linked its St. Louis founder, Benjamin Gratz, with William Rockefeller's son, Godfrey Stillman Rockefeller, through Godfrey's marriage to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_Stillman_Rockefeller" target="_blank">Helen "Didi" Gratz</a>, one of Dorothy Walker's closest friends in St. Louis.<br />
<br />
In fact, as shown in the clipping to the left, Dottie had originally been announced as a bridesmaid at Helen's wedding, but had to withdraw, most likely because she was pregnant by then with Poppy Bush. Their closeness is further confirmed in the book by Peter and Rochelle Schweizer, <i>The Bushes: Portrait of a Dynasty </i>(at page 58), which implies that it was to be near her friend Didi Gratz Rockefeller that the Bushes moved to Greenwich. At page 33 of the book the authors state that Bert Walker set up the W.A. Harriman bank in December 1919, and that the family moved to New York a few months later with Bert as its president. He undoubtedly took many of his wealthy St. Louis clients. <br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">The Harrimans</span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQH6_i1I5zwyOU6LKgn1mM6O4-xwCFLVWlCW1NkkY-GbcWgDvMPzhiK4k3lfKHt0QXzDy9rIwWCy3AcfbkvaaRqaqs-Mrr9Hv0Woh4b7PQTakjJDkn9v62HusWEw666EtG-DLleFhUMlTj/s1600/Ned+Harriman+1880.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQH6_i1I5zwyOU6LKgn1mM6O4-xwCFLVWlCW1NkkY-GbcWgDvMPzhiK4k3lfKHt0QXzDy9rIwWCy3AcfbkvaaRqaqs-Mrr9Hv0Woh4b7PQTakjJDkn9v62HusWEw666EtG-DLleFhUMlTj/s200/Ned+Harriman+1880.jpg" width="151" /></a></div>
E.H. "Ned" Harriman's early career in railroading can best be seen by perusing the description of him that appeared in <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=H9U5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA335" target="_blank"><i>McClure's Magazine</i></a> a year after his death in 1909. The authors' verbal image of a young Ned of 1875 could just as easily be used to paint a portrait of Bert Walker in 1900 --member of the most "sociable" clubs, "athletic and sporting," "drove a good trotting horse," "quick and clever boxer," and the "leading spirit among the younger aristocrats" whose "family or friends were interested in the secure investment of Illinois Central" stock.<br />
<br />
Young Bert's interest, however, was not in the Illinois Central in 1900, but in the rail lines owned by his wealthy neighbors on Westmoreland and Portland Place. Ned Harriman, before April 1900 had taken notice of this investment syndicate, which controlled traffic crossing the Mississippi River between St. Louis and East St. Louis because he was vying for control of the <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C02E1DA1339E733A25750C0A9629C946197D6CF" target="_blank">Chicago & Eastern Illinois </a>Railroad, which he wanted for his Alton line. Transversing the Mississippi River, the Alton felt hampered by rates set by the St. Louis Terminal Association.<br />
<br />
The Eastern Illinois's southern terminus at the Thebes railroad bridge connected to the <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqs27" target="_blank">St. Louis Southwestern</a>,
or "Cotton Belt" Railroad. Placed in receivership earlier, it was
purchased in 1891 by Louis Fitzgerald, purchasing agent for an
investment syndicate which incorporated the purchasing company. To
discover the name of Fitzgerald's principal, we only need to look to the
1905 New York Legislature's investigation of the life insurance
business. Jacob Schiff revealed in his testimony that he had held shares
in Equitable Life as a nominee for <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0jM0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1002" target="_blank">Henry B. Hyde</a>, and testified that Louis Fitzgerald was at that time the president of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0jM0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1016" target="_blank">Mercantile Trust Company</a>,
a "large factor in financial matters of the Equitable Society."
Fitzgerald was in fact "the most active man in the matters pertaining to
negotiations of purchases by the Equitable Society for some years," and
he chaired the Equitable's executive committee until 1902.<br />
<br />
Fitzgerald was also in 1895 chairman of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0jM0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1020" target="_blank">reorganization committee</a>
for the Union Pacific Railroad (controlled at that time by E.H.
Harriman). Fitzgerald, like Schiff himself, handled numerous syndicated
interests (<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0jM0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1024" target="_blank">listed by the investigation</a>) similar to what have become known as limited partnerships. Another of those "interests" handled by Fitzgerald was that of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0jM0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1025" target="_blank">George Gould</a>. <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7788590" target="_blank">George Gould</a> also had a <a href="http://bigoldhouses.blogspot.com/2013/04/in-very-different-world.html" target="_blank">gated mansion</a>, but it was in New Jersey with seventeen servants living onsite. <br />
<br />
When we follow the business rivalry involving railroads at that particular place and time, we learn a great deal about how our national history developed--how the big money worked to gain control of St. Louis rail traffic, but also how various financiers behind the curtain played a chess game to take control of the developing central banking system in the U.S. through what was to become known a generation later as Brown Brothers, Harriman.<br />
<br />
That was the financial medium Bert Walker used to merge St. Louis, Chicago and New York wealth to shift control of the central banking system from Morgan to the Rockefellers. One author who has recognized the historical importance of these networks in explaining the rise of the Bush family is Richard Ben Cramer, who wrote in <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=djZWFPIatUMC&pg=PT991&lpg=PT991&dq=harriman+%22robert+s.+lovett%22+texas+baker&source=bl&ots=Nl3fKDiflY&sig=iPit59RBHsCq9UjG3bfdBETNqQI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidlcDRrqfLAhUEWCYKHXPkDxAQ6AEIITAC#v=onepage&q=harriman%20%22robert%20s.%20lovett%22%20texas%20baker&f=false" target="_blank"><i>What It Takes</i></a>:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijrHD8SLOoaa2NnKHcPeeVbj49QqvK0hXwJAR3lrplwy4FUxgQ2h4yMm6Ohqa4IwGtpQZ1z58INxo8LJh7O2_jN-969yNooWr0ED30Y3U0smDk_X12hw5UXVg0bv27XR4jlhbIFOrWDMIa/s1600/Richard+Ben+Cramer_Bush+book.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijrHD8SLOoaa2NnKHcPeeVbj49QqvK0hXwJAR3lrplwy4FUxgQ2h4yMm6Ohqa4IwGtpQZ1z58INxo8LJh7O2_jN-969yNooWr0ED30Y3U0smDk_X12hw5UXVg0bv27XR4jlhbIFOrWDMIa/s640/Richard+Ben+Cramer_Bush+book.jpg" width="412" /></a>To purchase additional lines and maintain the facilities Gould had had to go into debt, and the indebtedness resulted in a <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9501E2D6143EE233A2575AC0A9609C946997D6CF" target="_blank">demand in June 1908</a> by his creditors for receivers to protect
their interest in the Gould system. At that time it was learned that
John D. Rockefeller's shares in various Gould lines had been transferred
to his "charitable" corporation called the General Education Board. The receiverships began in 1908, followed by Ned Harriman's death a year later.<br />
<br />
As early as 1907 many of these railroad men sat together as directors on the board of the Mercantile Trust Company at 120 Broadway. As of 1907 the percentage of stock the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=v8UjAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA153" target="_blank">Mercantile Trust in St. Louis</a>
owned in National City Bank and in Bankers Trust was significant, but
by that time D.D. Walker had left the board, succeeded in his seat by
Dan C. Nugent, husband of Bert Walker's granddaughter, a <a href="http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=rodohu10&id=I7818" target="_blank">daughter of William Hargadine Walker</a>, Bert's older brother.<br />
<br />
In 1912, this building, known as the Equitable Building, would be <a href="http://news.hrvh.org/veridian/cgi-bin/senylrc?a=d&d=kingstondaily19120109.2.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------#" target="_blank">burned in January 1912</a>, destroying records of all the Harriman railroads, including the Southern Pacific Railroad, as well as records of August Belmont and Company and Mercantile
Trust which had become a subsidiary of the Bankers' Trust Company. The cash and securities in the fire-proof vaults was rescued and consisted of a <a href="http://www.abeldanger.net/2011/09/financial-fraud-and-arson-equitable.html" target="_blank">quarter of a billion dollars</a> in value.<br />
<br />
<br />
E. H. Harriman died at the age of 61, leaving his railroad empire, which he was still in the process of creating, in the hands of <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/04/for-whom-does-cia-really-work.html" target="_blank">Robert Scott Lovett</a>, who was acting as mentor for Harriman's two sons not yet of university age. The <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=H9U5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA334" target="_blank">McClure's article</a>, published a year or so after Ned's death, showed the division of capital invested in railroads by group as of 1906. Nowhere do we see there the name B. F. Yoakum or the Frisco, <i>per se</i>:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKfnucJWSR4uv13wsP8XiEvssOEIYTREkKog37hV50D2gDp7nMo_D3uMXm0o8H1q8nBWlgA7sQHcCwGi3hxVWxW6mm9-iD3NMlRrm2S1S9k3CyKJJZH0HGHqZCnGAlSjK7GLPYyt9NGqT/s1600/Railroad+showing+Gould.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKfnucJWSR4uv13wsP8XiEvssOEIYTREkKog37hV50D2gDp7nMo_D3uMXm0o8H1q8nBWlgA7sQHcCwGi3hxVWxW6mm9-iD3NMlRrm2S1S9k3CyKJJZH0HGHqZCnGAlSjK7GLPYyt9NGqT/s640/Railroad+showing+Gould.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<b><span style="color: #990000;">[2]</span></b><br />
<br />
Yoakum's name was not mentioned because he did not own controlling stock in the railroads he built, but was merely a contractor hired by a syndicate of silent owners, who then saw railroads as THE technology. G. H. Walker, newly married in 1899, looking to open an investment bank at the same time, began his new career very much attuned
to financing railroad securities on behalf of business investors in St.
Louis, particularly the St. Louis-based Frisco Railroad, whose general
manager from 1897 until 1913 had been <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fyo01" target="_blank">Benjamin F. Yoakum</a>. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihClsaSS6BKYafcecSH1H3c-yT4rl-vLoZBFlai3VdovfCTNHqgUP7Ib0x98XQxAZaWPJWW3q5nzCwtnX2-7G3QfGTE3EmZW7A6s5Gu9FuiO9pR9z4DgO5glCJ6W7T8U_Fze_3CcurwJfy/s1600/Gould+Lines_chart.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihClsaSS6BKYafcecSH1H3c-yT4rl-vLoZBFlai3VdovfCTNHqgUP7Ib0x98XQxAZaWPJWW3q5nzCwtnX2-7G3QfGTE3EmZW7A6s5Gu9FuiO9pR9z4DgO5glCJ6W7T8U_Fze_3CcurwJfy/s400/Gould+Lines_chart.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">click to enlarge</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
According to Brian Solomon (author of <a href="http://www.amazon.com/North-American-Railroad-Family-Trees/dp/0760344884/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1457103844&sr=1-1&keywords=North+American+Railroad+Family+Trees" target="_blank"><i>North American Railroad Family Trees</i></a>), George Gould and his siblings inherited Jay Gould's railroad holdings upon his death in 1892. George and Edwin Gould worked for years to develop them before eventually bringing in others to assist. Solomon's book contains a helpful <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aVb0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=brian+solomon+gould+rock+island&source=bl&ots=wR9FB6Z8tG&sig=wS9xgZQrvbmq_mk88yKHNEGs3lg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwies56ap6fLAhUFTCYKHa5EB5MQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=george%20gould&f=false" target="_blank">graphic</a> to illustrate.<br />
<br />
Benjamin Yoakum worked with Uriah Lott, beginning in 1896, with financing coming from the St. Louis Union Trust, to construct and manage the St. Louis & San Francisco (Frisco), which became:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">the foundation for a group of roads connecting Chicago, St. Louis, and the Gulf of Mexico. In 1903 he [Yoakum] took control of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois while developing a close affiliation with Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific (Rock Island Lines), the large network controlled by the Reid-Moore syndicate. Later Yoakum founded the Gulf Coast Lines.</span></blockquote>
In 1905, as mentioned in a <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html">previous post at this blog</a>, the Frisco bought the St. Louis & Gulf Railroad, a system of short lines built in southeastern Missouri and Arkansas, consolidated by Louis Houck. One of the largest bloc of shares was owned by ancestors of Texan, D. H. Byrd, who, decades later, owned the office building from which it would be falsely claimed that the alleged assassin of President John Kennedy had fired the fatal shots. A CIA agent often implicated in setting up Lee Harvey Oswald as the patsy in the assassination was David Atlee Phillips, whose grandfather, Charles Young, had built a railroad to which the Byrds' railroad linked up.<br />
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFi9QM9kK_2gBaGMwAcyoW4kmBZ8bsRYhmZ_UFM-zb5ewtTzsQQ_8pC17OPixs27Ii6bFlJ3oSFvZDSfBulFcQZ-SHo-_QXGAi6r0MtBbRrMrzbQx60-7z6YBiqzJsK4TMIGPBGN0c5vig/s1600/Brownsville+syndicate_GH+Walker+et+al_1915.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1247" data-original-width="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFi9QM9kK_2gBaGMwAcyoW4kmBZ8bsRYhmZ_UFM-zb5ewtTzsQQ_8pC17OPixs27Ii6bFlJ3oSFvZDSfBulFcQZ-SHo-_QXGAi6r0MtBbRrMrzbQx60-7z6YBiqzJsK4TMIGPBGN0c5vig/s1600/Brownsville+syndicate_GH+Walker+et+al_1915.jpg" /></a>The <a href="http://www.mopac.org/corporate-history/61-gulf-coast-lines">New Orleans, Texas & Mexico </a>Railroad began as the Colorado, Southern, New Orleans & Pacific, with the name changed in 1910 after other lines owned by the Frisco were added to it, and was operated as a division of the Frisco until placed into receivership in 1913. In 1915, however, we find Walker was working hard to combine that syndicate with more money from the East, but he was not named as receiver until 1916, when the system was sold to a new corporation set up that year--the New Orleans, Texas & Mexico Railway, doing business as the Gulf Coast Lines, and would be fully absorbed into the Missouri Pacific system in 1956, three years after Bert's death. <br />
<br />
The <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html" target="_blank">Byrd family</a>, as we have seen, were invested in the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/04/as-byrd-flies-virginia-to-texas.html" target="_blank">San Antonio, Uvalde & Gulf (S.A.U.&G.) Railroad</a> whose main connecting railroads were lines called the Katy (M-K-T), the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SQE5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA482" target="_blank">Gulf Coast</a> and I&GN--SAU&G acquired by Gould-built Missouri Pacific in 1920.<span style="color: #990000;"><b>[2]</b></span> <br />
<br />
The <a href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=5104" target="_blank">Gould Railroads</a> (shown in the graphic above) were essential to the economy of St. Louis. After Jay Gould died in 1892, his son <a href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=5104" target="_blank">George J. Gould</a> took the helm of the western railroads, while seeking connections with Chicago and the East through the Rock Island system. His competitor, E.H. Harriman, had expanded the Illinois Central controlled by him since 1883, until, by <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=H9U5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA338" target="_blank">1898, it reached St. Louis</a>. Harriman merged the Rock Island into the Union Pacific, giving him control of distribution in the northeast quadrant of America with connections to the Pacific coast. Harriman, however, wanted much more.<br />
<br />
In 1901 Harriman acquired enough stock to <a href="http://biography.yourdictionary.com/edward-henry-harriman" target="_blank">control the Southern Pacific</a>, which was then completing its process of building a southern route from California to New Orleans. While the Gould and Rock Island networks were putting the finishing touch on their route from St. Louis to the Rio Grande Valley and Mexico, Harriman had managed to snatch certain lines that would work to encircle St. Louis, on three sides at least. Right in the middle of all this capital sat our friend Bert Walker.</div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxlFVEsCDnNFyrq60gB5oVgW-a7wwxF-1wU6xzG0-v-RFyKh8d-hrCIwLu7GEvWecneceUBlqQVZoe9UXgsoORJXKlwrzj11_5_7Yi3zXzkK70QXCKeVj3HyQtwXRPcfA9tJ3xgeN8Wf41/s1600/G.H.+Walker_Frisco_Houston_1911.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxlFVEsCDnNFyrq60gB5oVgW-a7wwxF-1wU6xzG0-v-RFyKh8d-hrCIwLu7GEvWecneceUBlqQVZoe9UXgsoORJXKlwrzj11_5_7Yi3zXzkK70QXCKeVj3HyQtwXRPcfA9tJ3xgeN8Wf41/s1600/G.H.+Walker_Frisco_Houston_1911.jpg" width="428" /></a>By 1911 South Texas was getting its first taste of what business
could be like if its citizens had the same access to railroads as
their competitors farther to the north and east. As the news article to the
left indicates, the Frisco Railroad had completed its lines across
Texas from St. Louis, and its officials were leading a marketing tour into
Brownsville,Texas near the border with Mexico. St. Louis was a hub to
numerous railroads extending out in all directions.<br />
<br />
The tour to the Rio Grande Valley was the brainchild of two Frisco officials--William Clyde Nixon (see <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IzIpAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA663" target="_blank">biography</a>)
and George Herbert Walker--who were being feted at the Houston Club
by that city's most powerful men of wealth. Nixon had previously been
general manager of the Galveston-based Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe railroad, where he would have become acquainted with Houston's elite before he <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IzIpAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA664" target="_blank">moved to St. Louis in 1906</a>.<br />
<br />
George H. Walker was the fourth of five sons of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Davis_Walker" target="_blank">David Davis Walker</a>,
founder of a large dry goods store in St. Louis. He was an elusive man to research, and previous segments this blog devoted an intensive search into his family and background, following various branches of the family tree leading up to his life. That research continues. We mention him at this point, however, outside the family study, because of his connection to the railroad which was so focused on developing southern Texas traffic into Mexico. To read the Walker Genealogy, begin with <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part I</a> which leads chronologically up to the 41st and 43rd American Presidents named Bush, who were Bert's direct descendants.<br />
<br />
Two years prior to this foray from St. Louis to Texas, we find many or the same men named in the clip above listed in 1909 as officers or directors of the <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=n287AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA287" target="_blank">St. Louis, Brownsville & Mexico Railway Co</a>. and all were based either in within the vicinity of Kingsville, Texas (the King Ranch), St. Louis, or in New York at 115 Broadway, an address shared, incidentally, in 1910 with the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Z287AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA162" target="_blank">Illinois Central Railroad</a> had its offices a year after the death of E.H. Harriman. The Rock Island Railroad also had an office in the same building.<br />
<br />
King Ranch family members would in the next generation find themselves linked with B. F. Yoakum's family--as <a href="http://henri.eisenbeis.free.fr/gene/anshutz/pdf-ANSCHUETZ-OUTLINE-DESCENDANT-REP.pdf" target="_blank">Henrietta Rosa Kleberg</a> married <a href="http://www.minormusings.com/2015/09/society-texas-style.html" target="_blank">John Adrian Larkin</a>, brother of Bessie
<br />
Yoakum's husband, <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E3DF113BE633A2575AC2A9639C946296D6CF" target="_blank">Francis Rahm Larkin</a>. Incidentally, their mutual friend, <a href="http://www.thousandislandslife.com/BackIssues/Archive/tabid/393/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1129/Frederick-G-Bourne-and-The-Things-That-Matter-Most.aspx" target="_blank">Frederick G. Bourne</a>, mentioned in the wedding clip <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E3DF113BE633A2575AC2A9639C946296D6CF" target="_blank">link</a>, was an heir to <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-arithmetic-doesnt-add-up-to.html" target="_blank">Singer Sewing Machine</a>, a company intricately involved in plots against FDR in 1934.<br />
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<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNffCsgC679GtrHqDgZoRbsY0QL9MscMf-nRVWRv_TCk9LvBafUvOCWrXnSCOyv0KYDIIJAAit2V9UKqPY8fW2iXQ5JnVnhnWBOpl7M6rVPfzaA56XzzzBQ07hq7r-996KyCi0S8yeZj1/s1600/St.+Louis_Brownsville_Mexico+RR_1909.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNffCsgC679GtrHqDgZoRbsY0QL9MscMf-nRVWRv_TCk9LvBafUvOCWrXnSCOyv0KYDIIJAAit2V9UKqPY8fW2iXQ5JnVnhnWBOpl7M6rVPfzaA56XzzzBQ07hq7r-996KyCi0S8yeZj1/s640/St.+Louis_Brownsville_Mexico+RR_1909.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1909 officers for St. Louis, Brownsville & Mexico Railway Co.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p>
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b> </b></i></span></p><p><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>The International Bridge, NAFTA forerunner </b></i></span><br />
<br />
The <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqs30" target="_blank">Handbook of Texas</a> informs us that:<br />
</p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvbHtYhPRcfwy2_pNtJCrOaU7_z3qCJ50B5HtT01pqTHOk8yqn4Cjd7nqhJHcJnh129odrk2UIX0NPa-DIyIYfjYPceH8y_GVy23VyeixVMcxhr9GmKETRxVbE3czqRUQ_cn5nyipBQmGL/s1600/Perkins_St+Louis+Union+Trust_Brownsville_1909.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvbHtYhPRcfwy2_pNtJCrOaU7_z3qCJ50B5HtT01pqTHOk8yqn4Cjd7nqhJHcJnh129odrk2UIX0NPa-DIyIYfjYPceH8y_GVy23VyeixVMcxhr9GmKETRxVbE3czqRUQ_cn5nyipBQmGL/s640/Perkins_St+Louis+Union+Trust_Brownsville_1909.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Editorial about International Bridge</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #444444;">Control of the railroad was exercised by the St. Louis Trust Company
until May 26, 1910, when the line was sold to the St. Louis and San
Francisco Railroad Company [Frisco] for the account of the New Orleans, Texas and
Mexico Railroad Company.</span></blockquote>
Thus the editorial which appeared on the front page of the Brownsville Herald in 1909 was dead right in assessing where the <a href="http://blue.utb.edu/localhistory/bridges_of_the_area.htm" target="_blank">International Bridge</a> then in the works was to be built, and by whom. According to the <a href="http://blue.utb.edu/localhistory/bridges_of_the_area.htm" target="_blank">historical marker</a> placed at the bridge:<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="color: #444444;"><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-great-heroin-coup-chapter-seventeen.html" target="_blank">John Nance Garner</a> (1868-1967), later Vice President of the United States, introduced a bill into Congress in 1908 providing for the construction of a bridge spanning the river and connecting the two railways. <br /><br />The Brownsville-Matamoros Bridge Company, owned equally by the St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway and the Mexican National Railway was incorporated in 1909 to handle bridge operations. In 1909 St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway magnate Benjamin F. Yoakum (1859-1929) met with representatives of the Mexican National Railway. An agreement was reached, and Yoakum hired the foundation company of New York to build the concrete foundation, and the Wisconsin Bridge Company of Milwaukee to erect the steel spans. Work on the structure began in April 1909. The entire structure, a swing bridge of riveted construction was completed in summer of 1910.</span></blockquote>
One reason the editorial writer spoke with so much conviction is that the Mexican National Railway had been completed with $10 million in <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bykt2zCHeGHeVnQ0Y0NlM0lKcHc" target="_blank">gold bonds issued in 1882</a>, secured by a $5 million subsidy from the Mexican government. The underwriter for these bonds was <a href="http://www.jardines.com/the-group/history/1830-1869.html" target="_blank">Matheson & Co</a>.,the same company which had acquired the old opium trading <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/following-forbes-money-trail.html" target="_blank">Russell & Co.</a><br />
<br />
To pay for its purchase and new bridge construction, the
Frisco Railroad in 1911 set up a tour to travel from St. Louis to
Houston, and from there down to South Texas to see where the bridge would cross into Mexico. This tour allowed potential investors and securities traders from
American capital centers, as well as bankers from Europe, to inspect the Frisco's facilities all along the route. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Cj0VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA609" target="_blank">Benjamin F. Yoakum</a>, a former Texan, was chairman of the <span style="color: #444444;">St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway</span> which was building the bridge in partnership with the Mexican railroad, which had been built by government-subsidized bonds, whose principal was due to be paid in 1912.<br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>The St. Louis Business Network</b></i></span><br />
<br />
The
St. Louis Union Trust was appointed manager of the Brownsville
Syndicate, presumably by a vote taken by its individual and corporate
investors. Since officers of the St. Louis Union Trust also constituted
members of the syndicate, the enterprise is indeed an example of the
type of insider trading deals for which St. Louis is notable. The result
of the Interstate Commerce Commission's investigation into the St.
Louis & San Francisco (Frisco) Railroad receivership in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14199077/insiders_investigatedfriscoyoakum1913/">November 1913</a>, was a headline declaring "Millions in Profits by Inside Interests."<br />
<br />
Bert
Walker's firm, G.H. Walker & Co., had invested $60 million in
the Brownsville Syndicate, but it most likely would have been much more
if he had been able to get his hands on his father's money sooner.<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i><b>George Herbert Walker and the APL</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBXO-VJReixRDZDvM0L_ktdhlhECL7D4It6EAsrRqOGJbjErG0TLXfTWv3PHCBlcwfPKK0HiMJNS39UAzvFOZhvTdfqrYrY1TNhf5UMNVmbNZmHzjeSy5q9We_GQUB6WOgtS-3IXobxvJm/s1600/G.H.+Walker_district+chief_APL.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="623" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBXO-VJReixRDZDvM0L_ktdhlhECL7D4It6EAsrRqOGJbjErG0TLXfTWv3PHCBlcwfPKK0HiMJNS39UAzvFOZhvTdfqrYrY1TNhf5UMNVmbNZmHzjeSy5q9We_GQUB6WOgtS-3IXobxvJm/s320/G.H.+Walker_district+chief_APL.jpg" width="307" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">G. H. Walker district Chief, St. Louis APL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In April 1917 sixteen St. Louis companies incorporated a division of the <a href="https://www.fbi.gov/chicago/about-us/history/history" target="_blank">American Protective League</a> (APL), which appointed <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IiY2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA293" target="_blank">G. H. "Bert" Walker as Chief</a>, who was in charge of about <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IiY2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA301" target="_blank">3,000 operatives</a>. {See <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeeUNGQWtxcTRmZzA/view?usp=sharing">newspaper clip</a> of Emerson Clough's book, <i>The Web</i>, from 1918}<br />
<br />
Walker as liaison between the businessmen/spies and the FIB (FBI) special agent in charge for St. Louis, <a href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1954/10/02/page/34/article/e-j-brennan-a-founder-of-fbi-dies-at-83" target="_blank">Edward James Brennan</a>. <span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: red;"><b>[3]</b></span></span></span> The Federal Investigation Bureau was located in the <a href="http://loc.gov/pictures/item/mo0292/" target="_blank">Customs House</a> at 815 Olive Street. The G.H. Walker & Co. investment bank was housed at <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html" target="_blank">307 N. 7th Street</a>, just a block east and in the same block between Olive and Locust Streets. Although Edward Brennan had been born in St. Louis to John Brennan, an Irish born railroad engineer who patented an electric switching device, he did not run in the same circles as the Walker family.<br />
<br />
The APL was given sanction for its unpaid volunteers to work under direction of the Justice Department and the <a href="http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/960" target="_blank">Bureau of Investigation</a>, forerunner of the FBI, then headed by A. Bruce Bielaski; A. Mitchell Palmer was at that time <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IiY2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA95" target="_blank">Custodian of Alien Property</a>. They also worked as civilians in the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department under <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IiY2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA45" target="_blank">Col. Ralph H. Van Deman</a> with its members often being assigned under cover of charitable organizations. One of the biggest uses for the civilian force was to detect "slackers" who failed to report for military service, as well as <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IiY2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA49" target="_blank">deserters and AWOL</a> soldiers. <br />
<br />
As we see in the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Walker genealogy Part IV</a>, G. H. Walker even recruited his own niece, heir to her grandmother's interest in the Kennebunkport property, to work for the general counsel for the Boxing Board of Control, Alfred Marilley, who helped Major A. J. Drexel Biddle, set up the first regulated boxing event in 1919 between Jess Willard and Jack Dempsey, the latter of whom would be accused of being a slacker himself. <br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b>ENDNOTES:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">1</span>] </b></span></span>According to an article by </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">John
Gleason, "From The Golf Journal Archives - A Great Amateur: George
Herbert Walker," Oct 22, 2010 at USGA Museum website, originally
appeared in July 1997 issue of Golf Journal<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">, </span></span>with a focus on Walker's role in financing professional golf:</span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Born into a wealthy St. Louis family, George Herbert Walker’s father owned the largest wholesale
drygoods manufacturing firm in the Midwest. George was sent to
Stonyhurst, an outstanding English prep school located north of
Blackburn on the Lancashire coast. There he excelled in boxing, rugby
and soccer. He attended the University of Edinburgh, where he studied
pre-med for one year, but he abandoned that pursuit and eventually
returned to St. Louis. He founded the banking and investment firm of
G.H. Walker & Co., and became a member at St. Louis Country Club,
where he played off a 5 handicap and captained the club’s championship
polo team. Playing on that squad was Dwight Filley Davis, a ranking
American tennis star who in 1900 became the donor of the Davis Cup for
men’s international tennis competition." [A <a href="http://www.usga.org/articles/2013/09/family-ties-stay-strong-21474859788.html">shortened version</a> by Dave Shedloski in 2013 appeared at USGA as of October 8, 2017.]</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[2]</b></span> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: black;">Sid may have been instrumental in having G.H. Walker & Co. chosen to issue<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14361278/g_h_walker_issues_securities_for/"> $2 million</a> in securities to construct the terminal building in Houston. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Morgan group</b> (Atlantic Coast Line; Southern Railway; Erie; Lehigh Valley) </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Hill-Morgan</b> (Great Northern; Northern Pacific; CBQ) (from <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=H9U5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA138" target="_blank">part 2</a>)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Harriman Group</b> (Union Pacific; Southern Pacific; Illinois Central)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Pennsylvania Railroad</b> (Pennsy system; C&O; Norfolk & Western)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>New York Central</b>
(NYC; Lake Shore & Michigan; Southern; Michigan Central; CCC
& St. Louis; NY, Chicago & St. Louis; Pittsburgh
& Lake Erie)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Harriman-Pennsy-NYC joint </b>(B&O; Reading) </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Joint & Misc</b>
(ATSF, including Harriman and Morgan; Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul, includes Harriman and Rockefeller; Chi & Northwestern,
includes Vanderbilt; Delaware & Hudson; Del., Lackawanna
& Western; NY, New Haven & Hartford, with Morgan,
Rockefeller and Pennsy; Hocking Valley)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Gould</b> (Missouri Pacific; Denver & Rio Grande; Wabash (<a href="http://p.16/">p.16</a>, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=H9U5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA338" target="_blank">p. 338</a>); Texas & Pacific; <u>St. Louis & Southwestern</u>; Western Maryland; Wheeling & Lake Erie)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Rock Island</b> (Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; <u>St. Louis & San Francisco</u>; Chicago & Eastern Illinois; Evansville & Terre Haute)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[3]</b></span> </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">We revealed ties between D. Harold Byrd and Bert Walker, through
Byrd's
Missouri uncles and cousins, who had an office in St. Louis two blocks
east from G.H. Walker & Co. in 1912.In addition the Byrds made
an investment in the St. Louis & Gulf line intended to link to
Gould's <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Emostfran/railroad/mopacrr_history.htm" target="_blank">Missouri Pacific-Iron Mountain system</a>, which Jay's son George ran until 1911 when a dispute with his siblings forced him out of direct management, as shown in the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeOVowVzYtTWZybDg/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">New York Times in 1911</a>. Placed in receivership in 1915, the railroad saw <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZV44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA225" target="_blank">three Gould sons</a> kicked from the board, as well as investment advisers, Sam F. Pryor and James Speyer.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">4</span></span>]</b> </span>Emerson Hough, <i>The Web</i> (1919).</span></span><br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-12663788203960068672020-02-05T11:24:00.000-06:002020-03-21T10:05:34.069-05:00Selecting an Ally from Oil Rich Countries<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhezwS_h4w5RuyHvomWgFHvPBNSsNq6ueDm2C7ZypUgGMrivfRxFvMDHvz_S_wfD7VD8_qxqAlJn6geZRcKsPdAoIKSaeWx68gXxBQ4FhNeSUBBt9pwv-cG4S93gEx3Df9rF8utyR0ta7m2/s1600/bullies.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhezwS_h4w5RuyHvomWgFHvPBNSsNq6ueDm2C7ZypUgGMrivfRxFvMDHvz_S_wfD7VD8_qxqAlJn6geZRcKsPdAoIKSaeWx68gXxBQ4FhNeSUBBt9pwv-cG4S93gEx3Df9rF8utyR0ta7m2/s200/bullies.jpeg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Middle school friends?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
History tells us that America's choice of the most strategic ally in the oil-rich middle east in the twentieth century is not far different from choosing a best friend in middle school. All involved are uncomfortable and confused, and often erupt in jealousy and threats when they lose favor.<br />
<br />
In August 2018 I published here a long-researched piece called "<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2018/08/within-netherworld-of-international.html">Within the Netherworld of International Currency Exchange Rates</a>,"
which helps us understand the financial crisis that haunted Nixon on a
daily basis during his time in office, as threats were hurled at him from trade
partners and military allies alike. Another piece, "<a href="https://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2019/10/saudi-arabia-nixon-years.html">Saudi Arabia: the Nixon Years</a>," gives a broader overview from an historical perspective.
<br />
<br />
During Nixon's first
term, Secretary of State William P. Rogers had negotiated, and
"international oil companies" had agreed with six of the ten OPEC
countries in Tehran on <a href="https://static.history.state.gov/frus/frus1969-76ve04/pdf/d115.pdf">February 14, 1971</a>,
to a five-year oil tax and price agreement. Those six countries of the
Persian Gulf did not include Libya, Algeria, Indonesia or Venezuela. The
terms gave the six countries (Abu Dhabi, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia, and Qatar) a 30% increase on their price for oil with other
increases through 1975. Just prior to that point in time, Nixon and his
cabinet officials tried to maintain a balancing act between <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/summary">Iran and Iraq</a>, but the balance began to tilt to Iran after the agreement was signed.<br />
<br />
According to <i>Foreign Relations, 1969–1972, Volume E–4, Iran and Iraq</i>, in the Office of Historian <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/summary">Summary</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQFNaTkQDqviYlTy7v0FnuKZsJYiNGlqcV9OR6ZvEamQ9BFf5Um7FabAEnkyC8xS_E04E720pUkH27kY8ohYHN3jmxDoIGnuu3ujATKP_aOgzGRkZzrTqd2aboQT5x2PSX6W-kG97sf513/s1600/Nixon+Shah+1972.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="549" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQFNaTkQDqviYlTy7v0FnuKZsJYiNGlqcV9OR6ZvEamQ9BFf5Um7FabAEnkyC8xS_E04E720pUkH27kY8ohYHN3jmxDoIGnuu3ujATKP_aOgzGRkZzrTqd2aboQT5x2PSX6W-kG97sf513/s200/Nixon+Shah+1972.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #666666;">The <span class="tei-persName">Nixon</span> administration’s tilt toward
Tehran led to significant shifts in its policy toward Iran and Iraq in 1972.
First, the United States abandoned its sporadic efforts to rein in the Shah’s
extravagant military spending. During his May 1972 visit to Tehran, <span class="tei-persName">Nixon</span> promised to sell the Shah any American
arms (short of atomic weapons) that he desired. Second, at the same meeting, the
President conceded the Shah’s point that Iraq, now a close Soviet ally, was a
security danger to the Gulf region. </span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8UzJmOpTZzTuiawQt50CVtokgjgUVbcIiAt8fqbW4Po2g-UIAP0bRGVwHQmbF020E_G1r54M089UvhwHfVrbDlHEJOX1KaNfIPW0tCQ6fy2MHcdIum93EKjAqn_o2FTfGDyhsBpcty3lc/s1600/Kurds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1060" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8UzJmOpTZzTuiawQt50CVtokgjgUVbcIiAt8fqbW4Po2g-UIAP0bRGVwHQmbF020E_G1r54M089UvhwHfVrbDlHEJOX1KaNfIPW0tCQ6fy2MHcdIum93EKjAqn_o2FTfGDyhsBpcty3lc/s200/Kurds.jpg" width="188" /></a><span style="color: #666666;">To help keep the Ba’athist regime
[Iraq] off-balance, the U.S. Government began to support the Iraqi Kurdish rebellion
under <span class="tei-persName">Mullah Mustafa Barzani</span> in July
1972. Although the Shah had funded <span class="tei-persName">Barzani</span> for years,
Washington had resisted Kurdish appeals for aid on the principle of
non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. After the Iraqis
signed a treaty with the Soviets in April 1972, however, U.S. officials
“particularly in the Central Intelligence Agency (<span class="tei-gloss">CIA</span>)” agreed that the threat from Baghdad warranted U.S.
attention.</span></blockquote>
Rogers resigned
as Secretary of State as of September 3, 1973, about ten months after
Nixon fired Richard Helms as Director of the CIA. Henry Kissinger
replaced Rogers and, only a week after Rogers' departure, King Faisal of
Saudi Arabia issued a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u87KVt1tFE_AG-gKF1V_F9yvAf-wuLVj/view">dire warning</a> to the Nixon administration:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">"<i>America's complete support of Zionism against the Arabs makes
it extremely difficult for us to continue to supply U.S. petroleum needs
and even to maintain friendly relations with America.</i>" </span></blockquote>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNBng9o6N5Yd6-kPpZI9NHv5SvunIqNfktKtZNSJS4xOeRX5RCdULah5BAOUkmAulp4oQDQ-2js9UK5i2VeXH5PpjdM4IvtoKyfmNeoNpckkGyOUTin_LBfIYT7xuI8gJLGP7N4zC9Iwpo/s1600/history-project-1973-yom-kippur-war.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="1164" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNBng9o6N5Yd6-kPpZI9NHv5SvunIqNfktKtZNSJS4xOeRX5RCdULah5BAOUkmAulp4oQDQ-2js9UK5i2VeXH5PpjdM4IvtoKyfmNeoNpckkGyOUTin_LBfIYT7xuI8gJLGP7N4zC9Iwpo/s640/history-project-1973-yom-kippur-war.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>In simplest terms, the oil shortage enforced on Americans was caused by the U.S. trying to pick two "best" friends.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
It was apparent that King Faisal was speaking not only for Saudi Arabia, but purportedly for all the OPEC countries (<span class="fn-content">Abu Dhabi, Algeria,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Venezuela</span>), which were bound by the terms of the <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/d115">1971 Persian Gulf Agreement</a>.
At the same time, however, a counter-threat came from Israel to boycott
U.S. oil companies should the U.S. government demand that Israel return
Arab land occupied since 1967. Nixon decided to ignore the warning by
Faisal, thus appearing to tilt in favor of Israel and to allow the Shah
of Iran to control the balancing scale of Muslims and Christians in the
Arab world. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130720224433/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32743/1/Nixon%2C_Kissinger%2C_and_the_Shah_the_origins_of_Iranian_primacy_in_the_Persian_Gulf_%28LSE_RO%29.pdf">Roham Alvandi </a>wrote in 2012 that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (the Shah of Iran):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: serif; font-size: 15.7985px; left: 356.525px; top: 601.379px; transform: scalex(1.02652);">had
normalized Iran’s relations with the Soviet Union and now sought
Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf in the wake of Britain’s with-drawal
from the region in 1971. Mohammad Reza Shah had seen five American
presidents pass through the White House; each in turn had
frustrated and disappointed him in his ambition to make Iran the
region’s leading power. But now, under the Nixon Doctrine, the United
States would rely on the shah to maintain stability in the Persian Gulf.</span></span></blockquote>
Kissinger
and Nixon therefore ignored Faisal's warning, possibly believing the Saudis could
be kept in line by the Shah of Iran, while they put more value on
America's relationship with Israel. That decision, which would prove to
be a mistake, was taken during the course of Nixon's desperate
determination to be reelected in 1972--leading to the Watergate tragedy.
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BdN_awfXdJjHQMlLLF1vAHN1pLB6wNLB/view?usp=sharing">Richard Helms</a>,
Director of the CIA, was also caught up in Watergate by refusing to
tell the FBI not to investigate Nixon's imbroglio at
Watergate for national security reasons. He was fired shortly after the
election, in the second week of November 1972. But because he did not
tattle about it, he was allowed to become the next Ambassador to Iran. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/man-who-kept-secrets-Richard/dp/0394507770/ref=pd_sbs_14_3/144-1542731-3627202?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0394507770&pd_rd_r=5bb53546-3e3c-44e3-b32a-ee42001df4e5&pd_rd_w=ETX9q&pd_rd_wg=aoEsh&pf_rd_p=52b7592c-2dc9-4ac6-84d4-4bda6360045e&pf_rd_r=GX1XNJ1DEBHJ5Q2Z68C1&psc=1&refRID=GX1XNJ1DEBHJ5Q2Z68C1">Thomas Powers</a> would later write in <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/"><i>Rolling Stone:</i> </a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Because the CIA put the shah in power, Iran is
an important bulwark in the defense of the Persian Gulf oil states, the
U.S. embassy in Tehran is huge, demanding the talents of an
administrator, and the CIA runs a number of major programs in Iran such
as electronic listening posts and the like. It was a congenial job of
importance, in other words, and Helms may also have concluded it would
not be a bad idea to get out of Washington.</span></blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPN4DGJpOq5KM6YANArM1cs4lJXmuUgQzPniikttViCUwGMEbGocs2UdMXsS0ci6YyZQI4DGRgVMMolp2LNw0QlLnG7yhcxMuqr9ECvYH8S0Z4hwbyVpeQ0CMXiFIfm4MykFhsTqmT0-x2/s1600/Helms_Savak.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1262" data-original-width="789" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPN4DGJpOq5KM6YANArM1cs4lJXmuUgQzPniikttViCUwGMEbGocs2UdMXsS0ci6YyZQI4DGRgVMMolp2LNw0QlLnG7yhcxMuqr9ECvYH8S0Z4hwbyVpeQ0CMXiFIfm4MykFhsTqmT0-x2/s640/Helms_Savak.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
When Powers published his article and book about
Helms in 1976, nobody seemed to know that the Iranians, who had always
been so important to British oil interests, were even then in the
process of being replaced by the Saudis, with whom the Americans were
becoming more and more dependent for oil. Helms probably knew that, when
he asked to be posted to Iran where as Ambassador he not only continued to work
with the <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP81M00980R000600050015-5.pdf">Shah's secret police force, SAVAK</a>, but he secretly monitored and mentored his replacements from his post in Iran.<br />
<br />
George
Bush, too, must have known. He did not directly succeed Helms as
CIA Director, but he was not far behind, appointed by Gerald Ford to
replace William Colby, who had just revealed to Democrat Frank Church's Senate
Committee a multitude of evils
committed by the intelligence agency.<br />
<br />
Between the time
Bush, as head of the Republican National
Committee, had advised Nixon to resign in August 1974, and Colby's
resignation from the CIA, Bush had been very busy recruiting young
Saudis to set up CIA-sponsored businesses in the United States, to
ensure their oil wealth would be invested here rather than abroad.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Training Saudis to Develop Their Oil</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0V09EgQ_edT4jDs6GcRAeajLwMB2Ic2KuHdl81Qv4QIUhvgRoH6aDHZG55VBFuu9IXieaglTw80hHgc5dge9Z8uCcwY7F4pjCk9owq6bosxO9Y6cZ8gSmIjrYtRJYxt9ibeOfvfGizoI/s1600/Oil+in+Mid+East+map_USSR.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="331" data-original-width="642" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0V09EgQ_edT4jDs6GcRAeajLwMB2Ic2KuHdl81Qv4QIUhvgRoH6aDHZG55VBFuu9IXieaglTw80hHgc5dge9Z8uCcwY7F4pjCk9owq6bosxO9Y6cZ8gSmIjrYtRJYxt9ibeOfvfGizoI/s320/Oil+in+Mid+East+map_USSR.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Ever
since 1938, when oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia, American men have
recognized a need to control the family who owned the wealth that flowed
from that oil. Americans were not the first however. The British had
discovered oil in Persia (now Iran) <a href="https://www.britishempire.co.uk/library/wassmuss.htm">in 1908</a>.<br />
<br />
The
first American-educated Saudis were scholarship students sent by Saudi
Aramco shortly after WWII to study petroleum engineering. They often chose
Princeton (near the former headquarters of Standard Oil of New Jersey)
or the University of Texas. None of the big universities
shunned them, however. California, whose big oil companies owned shares in
Aramco, also courted princes such as <a href="http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/197903/america.as.alma.mater.htm" target="_blank">Ali Abdallah Alireza</a>,
who attended UC Berkeley in 1945 and completed a master's degree in
geology by 1947. President Gerald Ford would welcome Alireza to U.S. as <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Ford%2C_Saudi_Arabian_Ambassador_Ali_Abdallah_Alireza_-_November_21%2C_1975%28Gerald_Ford_Library%29%281553311%29.pdf" target="_blank">Saudi Ambassador</a> in 1975.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoBLfNQ9ErhE4WEdgZ6k-p3wcfn20NRteBjIXfLupO-uB_dW7rZd1m0-033eb6lc0pC4fBcC5rzRX9yLXCS6pXdWtfoe3gVHCPLn2iL6CFi6iuzHO18QglKXQycIzV-re6uH-9Di_Zg0xx/s1600/Ghaith.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoBLfNQ9ErhE4WEdgZ6k-p3wcfn20NRteBjIXfLupO-uB_dW7rZd1m0-033eb6lc0pC4fBcC5rzRX9yLXCS6pXdWtfoe3gVHCPLn2iL6CFi6iuzHO18QglKXQycIzV-re6uH-9Di_Zg0xx/s200/Ghaith.jpg" width="140" /></a><br />
Another
Saudi scholar, Ghaith Pharaon, whose father was an important adviser to
King Faisal, had received an MBA from Harvard, as well as having
studied at Colorado School of Mines (1958-61) and Stanford (1961-63). <br />
<br />
Occidental board chairman Armand Hammer, fighting a corporate takeover by Standard Oil of Indiana, had at first mentioned <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13159150/armand_hammeroccidentalarabs1974/" target="_blank">unnamed Arab interests</a>
as having purchased a million shares of Occidental Petroleum,
identifying the individual investors by name in late December that year,
the first time <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43655705/pharaon_in_occidental1974/">Pharaon's name</a> saw print, only a few months after President Nixon's resignation.<br />
<br />
In 1975 Pharaon
achieved even more recognition when he acquired shares in Detroit's Bank
of the Commonwealth -- 80% of the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/01/archives/saudi-in-an-accord-to-buy-a-big-stake-in-a-michigan-bank-saudi-in.html?mcubz=1" target="_blank">Barnes family's controlling stock</a> in that bank, which resulted in his owning 42.4% of the preferred shares and 31.2% of the common, according to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10504107/80_of_53_of_preferred_and_39_of/" target="_blank">AP reporting</a>.<br />
<br />
On May 7, 1975 President Ford signed E.O. 11858 entitled "<i>Foreign investment in the United States</i>," which created the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (<a href="https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/international/Pages/Committee-on-Foreign-Investment-in-US.aspx">CFIUS</a>).
Only then did George H. W. Bush officially relinquish his position as
head of the Republican National Committee, moving into his office at the
Central Intelligence Agency. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Deep Politics and John Connally</b></i></span><br />
<br />
The most intriguing reporting about the new Arab wealth appeared in <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qywEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=%22bank+of+the+commonwealth%22+detroit+houston-attorney&source=bl&ots=jI3NH94KDQ&sig=y5PxaWMKt5D3ctG3SCYhSgLRWd8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDu9LXrL3TAhWn8YMKHbsUDXEQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=%22bank%20of%20the%20commonwealth%22%20detroit%20houston-attorney&f=false" target="_blank">Texas Monthly magazine (April 1975)</a>, where an unidentified author indicated that Pharaon, as a foreign
national who was forbidden to take a seat on the board of directors of the Detroit Bank of the Commonwealth, would be
represented on that board by Frank Van Court, an attorney associated with the Houston law firm of
Vinson, Elkins, Searls, Connally & Smith--of which John
Connally was senior partner.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitoDC0FrYIVmShyucm_vOoRS7ah6sbEOkaMgUSpZXd27DD0ejk1BGQJw1NmE3baeYemie_LCLmqnMq6PaPcy3_u1oHiLLbNzvPx7hpmInS2Q9K5XIPMmo-P3c8ECy5cY2_NE_ACsALIc3m/s1600/Connally_Pharaon_Van+Court.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="570" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitoDC0FrYIVmShyucm_vOoRS7ah6sbEOkaMgUSpZXd27DD0ejk1BGQJw1NmE3baeYemie_LCLmqnMq6PaPcy3_u1oHiLLbNzvPx7hpmInS2Q9K5XIPMmo-P3c8ECy5cY2_NE_ACsALIc3m/s400/Connally_Pharaon_Van+Court.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cashing in on Saudis' oil weath</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Harold Melvin Hyman, in his book, <i>Craftsmanship and Character: A History of the Vinson & Elkins Law Firm</i>, identified Van Court as one of Connally's close associates (pp.357, 378).<br />
<br />
Frank
Van Court had been born in San Angelo, Texas, but grew up on a ranch
just outside of Crane, Texas. He earned a place at Rice University,
studying economics, before obtaining his <a href="https://www.texasbar.com/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Find_A_Lawyer&template=/Customsource/MemberDirectory/MemberDirectoryDetail.cfm&ContactID=216854">law degree</a>
at the University of Texas in 1968. Within less than ten years, he left
former Governor John Connally's Houston law firm to work for only one
client--Saudi Arabia's wealthiest businessman in the United States, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fysEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=%22frank+van+court%22+connally&source=bl&ots=DvrxuW9IEH&sig=9lzJa5x6BuNN80tlGOTRXvKc8l8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-0Z3K0oHdAhXPzmEKHQfKCtoQ6AEwBnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22frank%20van%20court%22%20connally&f=false">Ghaith Pharaon</a>. In 1978 Van Court represented Pharaon in his investment in Dallas' <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23051984/frank_van_courtghaith/">Plaza of the Americas</a>.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-EBBeGzt6wn6Xna_kqGJ887tvmWqSU3qMXs0rtOteOJmSRzaVXvpTNNzZzYPzXc21YpeP53xd2bL8jyrodWIh5StNcwI7epGX9adbIVbCFeE2A9wUqOetvUJ5mYNQoxwpcgf0vHCLHgcQ/s1600/28mahfouz190.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="226" data-original-width="190" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-EBBeGzt6wn6Xna_kqGJ887tvmWqSU3qMXs0rtOteOJmSRzaVXvpTNNzZzYPzXc21YpeP53xd2bL8jyrodWIh5StNcwI7epGX9adbIVbCFeE2A9wUqOetvUJ5mYNQoxwpcgf0vHCLHgcQ/s200/28mahfouz190.jpg" width="168" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/28/world/middleeast/28mahfouz.html">Khalid bin Mahfouz</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>Texas Monthly</i> writer Robert Barnstone reported two and a half years later, in <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fysEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=Erck+%22john+b.+connally%22&source=bl&ots=DvotuPaDAC&sig=4ByUM7tRAHPsXYm3rS8dVr8muSY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTwfHQi6LVAhUE1oMKHeoIBX0Q6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=Erck%20%22john%20b.%20connally%22&f=false" target="_blank">November 1977,</a>
that John Connally, former Secretary of Treasury for Nixon (Feb.
1971-June 1972) was entering into a partnership with Saudi businessmen
Ghaith Pharaon and Khalid bin Mahfouz, to buy a Houston bank--<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30784963/main_bank1977/">Main Bank of Houston</a>--along
with Frederick Erck of Alice, Texas. Since 1973 Erck had also been
Connally's partner in the First City National Bank of Floresville. Main
Bank would be mentioned again in 1991when evidence surfaced <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30785214/main_bankbcci1991/">linking</a> that bank to the Bank for Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) scandal.<br />
<br />
Fred Erck was married to Ann McGill Erck and managed
his wife's ownership of a one-third interest in La Paloma Ranch, <a href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-supreme-court/1110761.html" target="_blank">22,000 acres</a>
of land in Kenedy and Kleberg counties (King Ranch country), together
with a 1/3rd of 1/8th
non-participating royalty interest in the cotenants' share. Bankruptcy
by the McGills in 1990 put the property into the hands of
<a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-supreme-court/1110761.html">Lee M. Bass</a>, one of the notorious heirs of the Sid Richardson fortune.<br />
<br />
The
Ercks--in Texas' heyday of oil production--saw more oil and gas income
than they knew what to do with,
but by 1973 Texas crude production had been supplanted by Saudi Arabia.
In September 1973 Fred Erck, then a 33-year-old rancher, expanded his
banking portfolio by buying control
of the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12593961/first_city_nation_bank/" target="_blank">First City National Bank of Floresville</a>
with former Texas governor, John B. Connally. A life-long Democrat,
Connally had first been appointed Secretary of the Navy and later picked
to head the Treasury Department during Nixon's first term, following in the footsteps of his mentor, <a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/03/wealth-vassal-to-power.html">Robert Bernerd Anderson</a>.<br />
<br />
Connally had launched Democrats for
Nixon in August 1972, just weeks after burglars were busted in the Watergate offices
of the Democratic National Committee. Fortunately for Connally, the
burglary, though detected, did not prevent Nixon's re-election. The
Texas Democrat, as Secretary of the Treasury, became the man who implemented Nixon's decision to <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/nixon-shock">end the Bretton Woods</a> Agreement, originally negotiated by FDR's administration in 1944:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Nixon
directed the suspension of the dollar’s convertibility into gold. He also
ordered that an extra 10 percent tariff be levied on all dutiable imports; like
the suspension of the dollar’s gold convertibility, this measure was intended to
induce the United States’ major trading partners to adjust the value of their
currencies upward and the level of their trade barriers downward so as to allow
for more imports from the United States....</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Group of
Ten (G–10) industrialized democracies agreed to a new set of fixed exchange
rates centered on a devalued dollar in the December 1971 Smithsonian Agreement. </span><span style="color: #666666;">Although characterized by Nixon as “the most significant monetary agreement in
the history of the world,” the exchange rates established in the Smithsonian
Agreement did not last long. Fifteen months later, in February 1973, speculative
market pressure led to a further devaluation of the dollar and another set of
exchange parities. Several weeks later, the dollar was yet again subjected to
heavy pressure in financial markets; however, this time there would be no
attempt to shore up Bretton Woods. In March 1973, the G–10 approved an
arrangement wherein six members of the European Community tied their currencies
together and jointly floated against the U.S. dollar, a decision that
effectively signaled the abandonment of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate
system in favor of the current system of <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/floatingexchangerate.asp">floating exchange rates</a>.
</span></blockquote>
Actually, only the U.S. Dollar
would "float," while the other currencies would be pegged to it under an
agreed ratio. The U.S. was given the power to set the price of crude
oil in dollars, a power that, according to <a href="https://www.amazon.ca/Oil-Card-Economic-Warfare-Century/dp/097779539X">James Norman</a>, the U.S. would exercise in following years as an economic weapon against "enemy" nations, notably China and the U.S.S.R.<br />
<br />
John
Connally would be forced out of office by the "milk scandal" and tried in
Washington, D. C. in April 1975. His indictment, announced in late July
1974 made headlines only two weeks before Nixon's resignation. <a href="https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/not-guilty/"><i>Texas Monthly</i></a>
also ran an intriguing piece about Connally's trial for accepting two
bribes of $5,000 each to influence an increase in milk price supports
from an American association of dairy farmers. Those were the days
before anyone dreamed foreign money could corrupt our politics.<br />
<br />
The
link between these seemingly disparate events is another Texan --
President Eisenhower's favorite--Secretary of Treasury <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/16/obituaries/robert-b-anderson-ex-treasury-chief-dies-at-79.html" target="_blank">Robert Bernard Anderson</a>--who had long been John Connally's business and financial mentor. Anderson taught Connally that oil
and money, unlike oil and water, do in fact mix quite well. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-55993221768272388512019-10-23T11:57:00.002-05:002019-10-24T10:21:12.923-05:00Saudi Arabia: the Nixon Years<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #666666;">"Politics, as we all know, is a game played by the powerful on a field of
irony. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #666666;">And irony, just like politics, makes for curious bedmates…" <a href="https://www.texasmonthly.com/politics/bob-and-george-go-to-washington-or-the-post-watergate-scramble/">Al Reinert</a>, </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #666666;">"Bob and George Go to Washington," <i>Texas Monthly</i> (April 1974).</span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Long Live the Saudi King </b></i></span><br />
<br />
Abdulaziz
ibn Saud (full name Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, or just Ibn
Saud for short) had founded the House of Saud in 1932--deposing his
half-brother, Muhammad Ibn Talal, the previous king. Once Ibn Saud
deposed Ibn Talal, he arranged a marriage between one of his own son's
and a daughter of the deposed King. This daughter, Watfa, married Musaed
(Musa'id), a son of Ibn Saud, born in 1923 to wife, Jawhara of the <a href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/gulf/sudairi.htm">Al Sudairi family</a>. Jawhara's sister Haya was another wife of Ibn Saud and the <a href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2003-05-07-0305060597-story.html">mother of three</a>
of his approximately 40 sons by assorted wives. Ten of those sons rose
to hold the title of Crown Prince and are pictured below.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaW7XPDeyUtRzV3k25q6SFqwD-denqLYoE-TCQfjLiaVOIwXvWeIQXXo8YZmrp1qO6sr0Sf-Y5jxZ-P5BRBb3AcffZbSXQQGvsTKJzFdDhY8Q9m0duYCZl5RjSd9DhgXoywU_U5idNCUvN/s1600/Saudi+chart_wives.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="906" data-original-width="921" height="627" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaW7XPDeyUtRzV3k25q6SFqwD-denqLYoE-TCQfjLiaVOIwXvWeIQXXo8YZmrp1qO6sr0Sf-Y5jxZ-P5BRBb3AcffZbSXQQGvsTKJzFdDhY8Q9m0duYCZl5RjSd9DhgXoywU_U5idNCUvN/s640/Saudi+chart_wives.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crown Princes of Saudi Arabia (click to enlarge)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-SMyFwX18F4LLZkiQJ1Kc9Pqxr5KbBN_HJyyVygJ1NaoVROzfxsQSkDPlpXRAIUcaphKg6KUKcc5vlQKL5mr4azjE_oYfPUvmL_J1aUi0m9WScP3wLTACns3_ISDTY61MHvoo8xEjOkG5/s1600/Faisal.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="651" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-SMyFwX18F4LLZkiQJ1Kc9Pqxr5KbBN_HJyyVygJ1NaoVROzfxsQSkDPlpXRAIUcaphKg6KUKcc5vlQKL5mr4azjE_oYfPUvmL_J1aUi0m9WScP3wLTACns3_ISDTY61MHvoo8xEjOkG5/s320/Faisal.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rashidi family, published 1997</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Musaed and Watfa had a son, Faisal bin
Musaed, born in 1944 before they divorced. Faisal was then sent to live
with his mother's family, the Rashidis, of which <a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=KHcXTwVhi34C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=rashidis&ots=sw4sH5Xe54&sig=VujIfoQbEpLjw81NDk-h1QXGHqs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=talal&f=false">Muhammad Ibn Talal</a>,
who died in exile in 1952, was a member. Meanwhile Faisal's father,
Prince Musa'id, remarried, had other children, and did not hold any
significant administrative positions--never viewed as a possible
successor. <br />
<br />
King Faisal bin Abdulariz was shot and killed in March 1975 by an estranged nephew, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1975/06/19/archives/faisals-killer-is-put-to-death-prince-is-beheaded-before-a-crowd-of.html" target="_blank">Prince Faisal bin Musaed bin Abdulaziz</a>. By June 18 the nephew had been convicted and beheaded by Saudi leaders, who were quick to label him "deranged."<br />
<br />
The
27-year-old assassin had lived in the United States from 1966 until 1973
while studying political science and obtaining a degree from the
University of Colorado at Boulder in 1971. He then moved to UC Berkeley
for graduate studies. Called a "radical" by his Saudi countrymen, he had
attempted unsuccessfully to convince Saudi Arabia to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10065859/prince_faisal_ibn_musaedexecution1975/" target="_blank">put an end to Islamic rule</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Nixon's Balancing Act in the Middle East </b></i></span><br />
<br />
In August 2018 I published a long-researched piece about the history between the United States and Saudi Arabia called "<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2018/08/within-netherworld-of-international.html">Within the Netherworld of International Currency Exchange Rates</a>."
That research helps to understand the financial crisis that haunted
Nixon on a daily basis at the end of his first term and into his
re-election. <br />
<br />
During Nixon's first term, Secretary of
State William P. Rogers had negotiated, and "international oil
companies" had signed on, with six of the ten OPEC countries in Tehran
on <a href="https://static.history.state.gov/frus/frus1969-76ve04/pdf/d115.pdf">February 14, 1971</a>,
to a five-year oil tax and price agreement. The six countries of the
Persian Gulf did not include Libya, Algeria, Indonesia or Venezuela. The
terms of the agreement gave the six countries (Abu Dhabi, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar) a 30% increase on their price for oil
with further increases through 1975.<br />
<br />
Just prior to that point in time, Nixon and his cabinet officials were attempting to maintain a balancing act between <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/summary">Iran and Iraq</a>, achieved somewhat with help from the Kurds' resistance in Iraq. According to <i>Foreign Relations, 1969–1972, Volume E–4, Iran and Iraq</i>, in the Office of Historian <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/summary">Summary</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">The <span class="tei-persName">Nixon</span> administration’s tilt toward
Tehran [Iran] led to significant shifts in its policy toward Iran and Iraq in 1972.
First, the United States abandoned its sporadic efforts to rein in the Shah’s
extravagant military spending. During his May 1972 visit to Tehran, <span class="tei-persName">Nixon</span> promised to sell the Shah any American
arms (short of atomic weapons) that he desired. Second, at the same meeting, the
President conceded the Shah’s point that Iraq, now a close Soviet ally, was a
security danger to the Gulf region. To help keep the Ba’athist regime
[Iraq] off-balance, the U.S. Government began to support the Iraqi Kurdish rebellion
under <span class="tei-persName">Mullah Mustafa Barzani</span> in July
1972. Although the Shah had funded <span class="tei-persName">Barzani</span> for years,
Washington had resisted Kurdish appeals for aid on the principle of
non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. After the Iraqis
signed a treaty with the Soviets in April 1972, however, U.S. officials
“particularly in the Central Intelligence Agency (<span class="tei-gloss">CIA</span>)” agreed that the threat from Baghdad warranted U.S.
attention.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>King Faisal Issues a Threat</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Rogers
resigned as Secretary of State as of September 3, 1973, and Henry
Kissinger replaced him. Only a week after Rogers' departure, King Faisal
of Saudi Arabia issued a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u87KVt1tFE_AG-gKF1V_F9yvAf-wuLVj/view">dire warning</a> to the Nixon administration:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">"<i>America's complete support of Zionism against the Arabs makes
it extremely difficult for us to continue to supply U.S. petroleum needs
and even to maintain friendly relations with America.</i>" </span></blockquote>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglSzNC6wsg8EyGD2qiZRavzk82p8iy9HCv-ocS8u4lUmAhMLdQNBeqBTdYaVvioqM4xNQApB3VPaKiUTeFaBWQRvjJBjGKsGJvSRdS_IL3VXmOQzn6cqyoU3n0rB15gYz3iqSmzMhbjTc1/s1600/King+Faisal_Nixon.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="734" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglSzNC6wsg8EyGD2qiZRavzk82p8iy9HCv-ocS8u4lUmAhMLdQNBeqBTdYaVvioqM4xNQApB3VPaKiUTeFaBWQRvjJBjGKsGJvSRdS_IL3VXmOQzn6cqyoU3n0rB15gYz3iqSmzMhbjTc1/s200/King+Faisal_Nixon.jpg" width="200" /></a>Balance
in the Middle East could no longer be achieved on a binary scale. With
King Faisal, purportedly speaking not only for Saudi Arabia, but for all
six OPEC countries bound by the terms of the <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/d115">1971 Persian Gulf Agreement</a>,
the scale was almost impossible to manipulate, especially with Israel
re-entering the fray--threatening to boycott U.S. oil companies if the
U.S. government conceded to Faisal's additional demand that Israel
"return Arab land it had been occupying since 1967."<br />
<br />
Nixon
had to choose between the demands of two strong allies--Israel or Saudi
Arabia--while also keeping the Shah of Iran as a friend. All that had
to be done for the Shah was to open the door for him to
buy all the weaponry he could wish for.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130720224433/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32743/1/Nixon%2C_Kissinger%2C_and_the_Shah_the_origins_of_Iranian_primacy_in_the_Persian_Gulf_%28LSE_RO%29.pdf">Roham Alvandi </a>wrote in 2012 that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (the Shah of Iran):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: serif; font-size: 15.7985px; left: 356.525px; top: 601.379px; transform: scalex(1.02652);">had
normalized Iran’s relations with the Soviet Union and now sought
Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf in the wake of Britain’s withdrawal
from the region in 1971. Mohammad Reza Shah had seen five American
presidents pass through the White House; each in turn had
frustrated and disappointed him in his ambition to make Iran the
region’s leading power. But now, under the <a href="https://coldwarstudies.com/2013/04/11/the-nixon-doctrine-empowers-the-shah-of-iran/">Nixon Doctrine</a>, the United States would rely on the shah to maintain stability in the Persian Gulf.</span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Two Crown Princes Passed Over</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Faisal had been the third King of the Saudis following the death of Ibn Saud. After Faisal was assassinated in 1975, as shown in the chart above, the succession followed in an orderly process until Salman
became the new King of Saudi Arabia on January 23, 2015 following the
death of his half-brother. Note that two
crown princes were ahead of him to be king, one of whom was already
deceased:<br />
<ul>
<li>Talal bin Abdulaziz (died December 2018) and </li>
<li>Nayef bin Abdulazriz (died June 2012). </li>
</ul>
Why
were Talal bin Abdulaziz (whose son was the well-known and wealthy pro-American Alwaleed bin Talal) and the sons of Nayef (notably Mohammad bin Nayef) skipped
from the line of succession?<br />
<br />
Reports leaked out in 2017 (shortly after
President Donald Trump's inauguration) that Nayef was removed as a
result of a plot organized by the man commonly known today as MbS, <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/saudi-king-s-son-plotted-to-oust-his-rival-as-crown-prince/story-yu68hdsPqzyPMgihYEETuN.html">Mohammed bin Salman</a> about whom it was said at the time:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #666666;">The decision to oust Mohammed bin Nayef and some of his closest
colleagues has spread concern among counterterrorism officials in the
United States who saw their most trusted Saudi contacts disappear and
have struggled to build new relationships.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #666666;">And the collection of
so much power by one young royal, Prince Mohammad bin Salman, has
unsettled a royal family long guided by consensus and deference to
elders.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #666666;"></span></div>
</blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxhnGyrjeT6A_Fx5n5hjdN5ifCRsetYNgSXjA3y8hr0W-M4cuTLF6s431clldeyBi877sxkhsoi-XoJba_XQToLj_UtvWOAToGWpFpV_f604i9JxQIp2ZzMdSssVlyNW7Xwf5zxW2gMVRs/s1600/skynews-jamal-khashoggi-saudi_4459710.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="299" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxhnGyrjeT6A_Fx5n5hjdN5ifCRsetYNgSXjA3y8hr0W-M4cuTLF6s431clldeyBi877sxkhsoi-XoJba_XQToLj_UtvWOAToGWpFpV_f604i9JxQIp2ZzMdSssVlyNW7Xwf5zxW2gMVRs/s200/skynews-jamal-khashoggi-saudi_4459710.jpg" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jamal Khashoggi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As early as 1989 while "Saudi intelligence ... was coordinating aid to the fighters as part
of its cooperation with the CIA against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan," <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/jamal-khashoggis-long-road-to-the-doors-of-the-saudi-consulate/2018/10/12/b461d6f4-ce1a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?noredirect=on">Jamal Khashoggi,</a> who had traveled with the Arab mujahideen in Afghanistan, "criticized
Prince Salman, then governor of Riyadh and head of the Saudi committee
for support to the Afghan mujahideen, for unwisely funding Salafist
extremist groups that were undermining the war." <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/jamal-khashoggis-long-road-to-the-doors-of-the-saudi-consulate/2018/10/12/b461d6f4-ce1a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?noredirect=on">Jamal's rise</a> "was linked with the Faisal clan — Turki and his brother Saud
al-Faisal, the longtime Saudi foreign minister. Educated at Georgetown
and Princeton, respectively, the Faisal brothers represented the
thoughtful, moderate face of the royal family."<br />
<br />
As for the Talal branch, <a href="https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/fofbsa/the_challenges_ahead/0">James Wynbrandt</a> wrote in 2010:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">The attack [on September 11, 2001] brought long-festering antagonisms between the two nations to
the fore. The Saudis were blamed for exporting an intolerant brand of
Islam and donating large sums to groups that supported terrorism. The
United States was blamed for its unbending support for Israel, which was
seen as the root cause of the attacks. <b><span style="color: black;">Prince Alwaleed bin Talal</span></b>, son
of the founder of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Princes_Movement">Free Princes movement</a> [formed in 1962 and ended in 1964], came to New York to express
his sympathy and offered a $10 million donation for the victims, along
with advice for the United States to rethink its Middle East policy. <span style="color: black;">New
York mayor Rudolph Giuliani</span> rejected the advice and the $10 million
donation, and the episode came to represent the vast gulf that had
suddenly opened between the two longtime allies.</span> </blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiTQjFeoIQckabF_WXXzoQ1OJuxf0zuq7ICTXACIW3OTVL8OzidKPWsKlRCW6i78qnVF3OReYaYtPfn4uDG0khrzEI8XealzJTHSHAhkv4ez2mQ12Mnn0QZcpO6Fk2mXCfDKEfA_C2Mo47/s1600/Alwaleed+bin+Talal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="620" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiTQjFeoIQckabF_WXXzoQ1OJuxf0zuq7ICTXACIW3OTVL8OzidKPWsKlRCW6i78qnVF3OReYaYtPfn4uDG0khrzEI8XealzJTHSHAhkv4ez2mQ12Mnn0QZcpO6Fk2mXCfDKEfA_C2Mo47/s320/Alwaleed+bin+Talal.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prince Alwaleed bin Talal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Prince Talal and his son, in short, were, according to <a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/saudi-arabias-ailing-gerontocracy">David Ottaway</a>,
"liberals" compared with their countrymen--a term traditionally used to
mean those advocating more democratic reforms and limiting autocratic
power of leaders. The father had been forced out the cabinet for his
suggested reforms in 1961, but in 2007 he was again a member of the
Allegiance Council, which was supposed to be consulted when one of the
members of the ruling family died before another was admitted in his
place. When Prince Nayef ascended as Crown Prince in November 2011
without consulting anyone, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegiance_Council">Talal resigned</a>
from the Council, watching his country became ever more undemocratic
until Talal's death two months after Jamal Khashoggi's murder.<br />
<br />
In
2015 Jamal had convinced the son of Crown Prince Talal bin Abdulaziz,
Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, whom the Washington Post referred to as "a
reform-minded Saudi billionaire," to finance a news channel in Bahrain.
It was unfortunately removed from the airwaves by Bahrain after only 24
hours for featuring an "interview with a prominent Bahraini Shiite
politician who had criticized the regime."<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjV6Gus9oTVU2pRd4qYC6uYDWtyDnC85FGPiLr9jBGJ33D8QC36oITAwXMAn5-l9ks886eqtrZ2F32zwZIFbrXOxCAXk1t_vzAEk9mW4oBSrPf_mhDHA7oj8gLy0lFnyRV1miWjmxoDqQ0/s1600/KhashoggiMissingJournalist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="866" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjV6Gus9oTVU2pRd4qYC6uYDWtyDnC85FGPiLr9jBGJ33D8QC36oITAwXMAn5-l9ks886eqtrZ2F32zwZIFbrXOxCAXk1t_vzAEk9mW4oBSrPf_mhDHA7oj8gLy0lFnyRV1miWjmxoDqQ0/s200/KhashoggiMissingJournalist.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jamal Khashoggi at Alwaleed's news channel</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Two years after Jamal's plan to liberalize the media failed, Prince Alwaleed was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-waleed-bin-talal.html">arrested</a> "plus at least 10 other princes, four ministers and tens of former ministers," as part of <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html?module=inline" title="">Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman</a>'s plan to consolidate power, and Jamal fled the country.<br />
<br />
Greg Olear wrote in <a href="https://medium.com/s/story/in-death-khashoggi-exposes-the-corruption-of-kushner-and-trump-236c85e659aa"><i>Medium</i></a>, after reports of Jamal's murder began to surface, that "Trump and Kushner both have skin in the game." He continued: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Saudi Arabia was the first state visit Trump made as president, a trip organized and pushed for by Kushner, who is <a class="cc do nc nd ne nf" href="https://medium.com/s/story/two-princes-kushner-khashoggi-and-the-kingdoms-mbs-567c8cd4e1c5" rel="noopener" target="_blank">chummy with MbS</a>
and has acted as the de facto ambassador to Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi was
not banned from Saudi media for his criticisms of MbS, but rather for <a class="cc do nc nd ne nf" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-bans-khashoggi-writing-media-appearances-after-trump-remarks-1801958864" rel="noopener" target="_blank">his criticisms of Donald Trump</a>. More importantly, U.S. intelligence knew of a <a class="cc do nc nd ne nf" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">plan to lure Khashoggi back</a>
to arrest him, so the president and the de facto ambassador to Saudi
Arabia must have also known. If they knew and did not share the
information with Khashoggi, they are liable. </span></blockquote>
Alwaleed was released in January 2018, ten months before Jamal Khashoggi's murder. When he spoke in an <a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2018/11/04/saudi_prince_al-waleed_bin_talal_on_khashoggi_crown_prince_is_for_real.html">interview with Fox News</a> the following December, he sounded like a defeated man, one who had made a deal with his captors, whom he now insisted were honorable. It was a secret deal, so we may never know the truth.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQBGCMBVPg8rpvpy_XoahKu9JvqIPoEXBsJRCShL758kXyRnVy_6astUNHyLt3HiqSn9QdbkwKPA5A_x0a4xnEA24wc_aokmdwl2yUflGNuIces-WVbAmL8OHCPI4X_H1Ylp3_TRe6CUfQ/s1600/Alwaleed+with+MbS+in+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="666" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQBGCMBVPg8rpvpy_XoahKu9JvqIPoEXBsJRCShL758kXyRnVy_6astUNHyLt3HiqSn9QdbkwKPA5A_x0a4xnEA24wc_aokmdwl2yUflGNuIces-WVbAmL8OHCPI4X_H1Ylp3_TRe6CUfQ/s320/Alwaleed+with+MbS+in+2019.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</div>
<br />
"Saudi Arabia: Creation of the Petrodollar" has been in draft form
for several years, being added to and edited as time permitted. Because of the length and complexity, I have decided to divide it into several parts. The next segment will follow soon. <br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-42508270083163347612019-04-29T09:37:00.000-05:002019-04-29T09:37:55.081-05:00D. Harold Byrd<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Researched and written</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">by Linda Minor</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>D. Harold Byrd</b></i></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>'s Convergence with Mac Wallace?</b></i></span> </b></i></span><br />
<br />
As promised in <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/03/tale-about-tail-number-part-ii.html" target="_blank">Part II</a> of "Tale about a Tail," this post will give you more information than you ever wanted to know about the background of D. Harold Byrd. We may return to tracing Tail #N-17888 in a later post. What initially piqued an interest that motivated me to research D. Harold Byrd in greater depth were two facts I discovered about Byrd while researching the history of <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/03/tale-about-tail-number-part-ii.html" target="_blank">TUSCO</a>: <br />
<ol>
<li>Byrd was born in a tiny town called Detroit in Red River County, Texas in 1900, and he graduated from the University of Texas in Austin in 1921, yet the college-degreed geologist had been made to look like a rube with the nickname "Dry Hole."</li>
<li>His first big oil discovery in the Talco Field of northeast Texas led to partnership in a refinery in Mt. Pleasant, Titus County, Texas in 1937 with three other independent oilmen--<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=km9AAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA188" target="_blank">Captain J.F. Lucey</a>, Ralph Emerson Fair (who bought 5,000 acres near Camp Bullis at Boerne, Texas--developed by his heirs into <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgf09" target="_blank">Fair Oaks Ranch</a>), and Jack Frost.</li>
</ol>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFHUHUVMBJoAiC-AdlQ0ypzWDPYVU5mJLdR8ARQNynqGvxVRO8A_oslVQtpXtljkDXaSVGNPte6xBuwDBQmA2VMykwGI5c76nfnjLHPhPOBRK7-PEEmIrlb1A3X5qjunYf_7tjPWrZ7Eig/s1600/Red+River+County.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFHUHUVMBJoAiC-AdlQ0ypzWDPYVU5mJLdR8ARQNynqGvxVRO8A_oslVQtpXtljkDXaSVGNPte6xBuwDBQmA2VMykwGI5c76nfnjLHPhPOBRK7-PEEmIrlb1A3X5qjunYf_7tjPWrZ7Eig/s400/Red+River+County.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Towns in northeast Texas where Byrd, Wallace, Rainey and Witt families lived and worked</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In addition to being the site for the Talco Refinery, Mt. Pleasant, for those who aren't up on Texas trivia, was once the hometown of LBJ's favorite assassin, Mac Wallace. Just north of Mt. Pleasant is Red River County, where a significant number of lives in Mac's history converged. His father Alvin Wallace had been born in Mt. Pleasant and began his career as a concrete contractor there. He built roads and bridges in partnership with Mac's uncle, Leonard Roy Bowden, a brother of Alvin's sister Nellie. <br />
<br />
Nellie Arlene Wallace had married in 1914, and both her husband and brother were farmers in Titus County, before they left for WWI. Upon their return, they formed a road-paving company called Wallace & Bowden to bid on government road and bridge contracts. The asphalt produced by the Talco Refinery would have been a cheap source of road material for their business, although they also were concrete contractors.<br />
<br />
In order to expand their business, Wallace and Bowden moved to the city, to an office address at East Grand Avenue near the Mt. Auburn Elementary School. Both the Wallace and Bowden families lived nearby. Mac Wallace was a 1938 graduate of Woodrow Wilson High School in the Mt. Auburn area of Dallas. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgHID-_oNdj47LK9Sj_C8dWHtXYn3xMPU9Ye5sDOCzlkoVueM3fh0InYDWA_XGv7-RCanHB3uUVgsoQFpcIM4Iz1SuKPr42fUup542UQGcOW0WIVBIvtK3D-IqepelIvwb78XrdUr-KsJN/s1600/Mac+Wallace+USMC_1940clip.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="35" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgHID-_oNdj47LK9Sj_C8dWHtXYn3xMPU9Ye5sDOCzlkoVueM3fh0InYDWA_XGv7-RCanHB3uUVgsoQFpcIM4Iz1SuKPr42fUup542UQGcOW0WIVBIvtK3D-IqepelIvwb78XrdUr-KsJN/s1600/Mac+Wallace+USMC_1940clip.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
He joined the Marine Corps after graduation and on November 3, 1939 was aboard the <i>U.S.S. Holland</i>, a submarine based in San Diego. From there it appears he was shipped to Hawaii. According to Joan Mellen, in 1938 Mac had injured his lumbar spine playing quarterback for Woodrow Wilson High School and required spinal surgery. After joining the Marines, he reinjured his back in a fall on the <i>USS Lexington</i> on June 27, 1940 and was discharged two months later.<br />
<br />
He enrolled in the spring semester of 1941 at the University of Texas, where in 1943 he was shown as a member of the student assembly and was elected president of the Students Association in 1944. He was also one of eight men selected to the <a href="http://www.friarsociety.org/history/beginnings" target="_blank">UT secret society known as the Friars Society</a>, as well as a member of the <a href="http://tejasclub.org/history/" target="_blank">elite Tejas Club</a>. The Friars had been <a href="http://friarsociety.org/#about">created in 1911</a>, and until 1949 they never selected more than <a href="http://friarsociety.org/our-members/alumni/">four new members</a> per semester. Notables in the Friars, according to their website, included<br />
<ul>
<li>Arno Nowotny, fall 1925</li>
<li>Cecil Bernard Smith, spring 1927</li>
<li>Allan Shivers, spring 1931*</li>
<li>Joe R. Greenhill, spring 1936</li>
<li>Jake Pickle, spring 1937</li>
<li>John B. Connally, spring 1938 *</li>
<li>Dolph Briscoe, Jr., spring 1942*</li>
<li>Jack B. Brooks, spring 1943 </li>
<li>Malcolm (Mac) Wallace, spring 1944</li>
<li>Horace Busby, spring 1945 </li>
<li>Theodore Strauss, spring 1945</li>
<li>Ronnie Dugger, fall 1950</li>
<li>Lloyd Hand, spring 1951</li>
<li>Barr McClellan, fall 1960</li>
<li>Fred Hofheinz, spring 1960</li>
</ul>
The three men marked with asterisks * would become Texas governors. Greenhill would serve many years on the Texas Supreme Court, while Jake Pickle and Jack B. Brook would serve for many years in the U.S. Congress and be closely associated with LBJ. Notowtny and Smith will be discussed in a later post for their role in organizing the UT Cowboys. <br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/nsia-BrownWalt/nsia-BrownWalt/Brown%20Walt%2012_djvu.txt">Walt Brown</a> referred to Notwotny in 1998 as "future Dean of Men at the University of Texas
and alleged CIA recruiter at UofT." <br />
<br />
Ronnie Dugger was in his day a well-known "liberal" journalist who also authored a biography of Johnson. <a href="http://obits.dallasnews.com/obituaries/dallasmorningnews/obituary.aspx?pid=172383816">Strauss</a>, brother of <a href="http://obits.dallasnews.com/obituaries/dallasmorningnews/obituary.aspx?pid=170292728">Robert S. Strauss</a>, would become a wealthy businessman in Dallas. The name of Horace Busby also appeared in the list. Busby was hired to work for Lyndon Johnson in Washington, D. C.<br />
<br />
Joan Mellen writes of Busby's knowledge about Mac Wallace. Holland McCombs, researching LBJ for LIFE magazine, interviewed Wallace and concluded, according to Mellen:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Wallace was assigned to strong-arm businessmen into rewarding Johnson for the small business loans that Johnson had bestowed upon them. Mac Wallace’s role was to facilitate the Faustian bargains low-level Texas contractors and businessmen had made with Lyndon Johnson, to collect payment. For these forays to Texas, Mac Wallace later earned the melodramatic sobriquet of Johnson’s “hatchet man.” The term was first attached to Wallace at the time he was an employee at the Department of Agriculture and seems not to have involved violence. Johnson sent Mac Wallace back to Texas to “arrange to buy or get a piece of” the businesses of those to whom Johnson had awarded the favor of those loans. [</span>Mellen, Joan. <i>Faustian Bargains: Lyndon Johnson and Mac Wallace in the Robber Baron Culture of Texas</i> (p. 80). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.]</blockquote>
Mac Wallace stands out because of his 1952 conviction for <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20933976/malcolm_wallaceguiltysuspended/">murder with malice.</a> The jury, however, sentenced him to only five years in prison, but suspended that sentence, so that he never served a single day inside. The only defense presented by his attorneys (Polk Shelton and John Cofer, long-time associates of Lyndon Johnson) was in the argument that the prosecution found no motive for the cold-blooded killing. Nevertheless, the lack of any apparent motive could not overcome the <a href="https://www.mystatesman.com/lifestyles/murder-the-butler-pitch-and-putt/5IShFhz7fdIE9lUp4m5zcL/">fact</a> that a witness had identified Wallace and written down the license plat number of his car, in which a blood-stained shirt was found two hours after the shooting.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWijgzpTHMsfF_r4aB_0Ms8Bm9GaBwE8w0mRA-eSyxmpMUlCXoUuyjN5DhWOz_JAXpl4JJD_ZRQ47gRgP7xuv9OK6in1aSzBTXqQTpe_W5IB8dbrHz9QBdQz2HPxZZ3OB6VUQTSmb8Jdo-/s1600/Mac+Wallace_Friar_1944.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWijgzpTHMsfF_r4aB_0Ms8Bm9GaBwE8w0mRA-eSyxmpMUlCXoUuyjN5DhWOz_JAXpl4JJD_ZRQ47gRgP7xuv9OK6in1aSzBTXqQTpe_W5IB8dbrHz9QBdQz2HPxZZ3OB6VUQTSmb8Jdo-/s1600/Mac+Wallace_Friar_1944.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mac Wallace named to Friars June 1944, Daily Texan, UT newspaper</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac Wallace had led a student protest in 1944 against the dismissal of <a href="https://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/01824/cah-01824.html" target="_blank">Dr. Homer P. Rainey</a>, the well-educated Clarksville-born (see map above right) man who had served as the head of FDR's American Youth Commission (1935-39), immediately prior to being selected as president of the University of Texas. Whether or not Rainey had met Lyndon B. Johnson, when the latter headed the <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ncn04" target="_blank">Texas branch</a> of the National Youth Administration, the focus of which was finding
jobs for young people, is unknown. The NYA, though not affiliated with Rainey's American
Youth Commission within the Education Department, both groups did focus
on finding jobs for young people during the post-depression years. Only a few months after the student protests Wallace was chosen as a member of the Friar Society. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY4shhi1qMClIJ41_K2FjW9pSKjGHqqXQpg3O7lHbyI99ueMAE80U_z3X0LPXIv9Bl22lPCLJ7EWPP_tWp-Froo1NkzK_Vzo96EavZUVotkMVirHeLb8fSZ8i0nNTbsSFbFAl2s1YxEPuC/s1600/Mac+Wallace_1944_Rainey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="555" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY4shhi1qMClIJ41_K2FjW9pSKjGHqqXQpg3O7lHbyI99ueMAE80U_z3X0LPXIv9Bl22lPCLJ7EWPP_tWp-Froo1NkzK_Vzo96EavZUVotkMVirHeLb8fSZ8i0nNTbsSFbFAl2s1YxEPuC/s640/Mac+Wallace_1944_Rainey.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mac Wallace at the University of Texas in 1944</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHInMyUurNSUGPUCw_fUcp0JwTTa9Gd4iAMkLycctUWRNawSlu9ycbeIFwlG229fUG5_QTpCWYBvyDZY700l2hx1tLTFqBKPB8TKr06T6EMgz06UuWNaBRPQJ_itxXxPYpluk8LQKkb55m/s1600/D.+Harold+Byrd_UT+game_Rainey_1941-crop.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHInMyUurNSUGPUCw_fUcp0JwTTa9Gd4iAMkLycctUWRNawSlu9ycbeIFwlG229fUG5_QTpCWYBvyDZY700l2hx1tLTFqBKPB8TKr06T6EMgz06UuWNaBRPQJ_itxXxPYpluk8LQKkb55m/s320/D.+Harold+Byrd_UT+game_Rainey_1941-crop.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://nov%2017,%201941/" target="_blank">Courtesy of Life</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>Life</i> magazine captured a memorable photograph
of D. Harold Byrd, well-known as a band booster, in 1941 at a University of Texas Longhorn game. Seated directly behind him at
the game was the daughter of President <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fra54" target="_blank">Homer Price Rainey</a>
(born in Clarksville,TX in 1896), the man against whose firing by the Board of
Regents in 1944 because he supported economic professors who "<a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fra54" target="_blank">espoused New Deal views</a>."
The regents themselves had fired such professors in 1942, and Rainey's protest of the
firing resulted in his being dismissed by the Regents in 1944.<br />
<br />
By 1944 Mac Wallace's father was a road and bridge builder in a company with his brother-in-law (Wallace & Bowden), bidding on jobs as far away as Johnson City, often in conjunction with Maurice Edward Ruby, a contractor who helped Mac's father pay the bond to get Mac released from jail during his murder trial. Another contractor from the same small town in Hays County who helped pay the bond was<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21060395/mac_wallace_bondruby_and_greenhaw1951/"> John E. Greenhaw</a>, who died in January 1965 of cirrhosis of the liver.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPBVg5Hzm0OFiGzuZVsKRRn4NIb0kUOnaCF9rf2FF9rC6S5ixuFD7K3NxCZvVXsz9XLIUt2lnp_NdNDo6OwKYv2-k8PrDV4ixpmkZIn4tKjg_n-ozLvhP4w4-OTdssTI8SwqJZiDOTETGr/s1600/Homer+Rainey_1939.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPBVg5Hzm0OFiGzuZVsKRRn4NIb0kUOnaCF9rf2FF9rC6S5ixuFD7K3NxCZvVXsz9XLIUt2lnp_NdNDo6OwKYv2-k8PrDV4ixpmkZIn4tKjg_n-ozLvhP4w4-OTdssTI8SwqJZiDOTETGr/s1600/Homer+Rainey_1939.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Homer P. Rainey, 1939</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Rainey's biggest booster on the U.T. Board of Regents was <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpa93" target="_blank">J. R. Parten</a>, a progressive Democrat, who was also very close to Congressman Sam Rayburn. Both men favored the hiring of Berkeley physicist Dr. E. O. Lawrence as a professor at UT. The loggerhead between Rainey and the Regents began late in 1939 when Houston attorney <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EiExDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT184&lpg=PT184&dq=%22kick+the+Regents+across+the+state+line%22+rainey&source=bl&ots=TFPCM1GsiZ&sig=_YoVDjMlZdV5fs7IOjoZEMSjq-o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6l-vHm9PbAhUB4oMKHZ7tDdUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22kick%20the%20Regents%20across%20the%20state%20line%22%20rainey&f=false">James A. Elkins warned</a> the Regents that the Legislature would "kick the Regents across the state line if they [University of Texas] dared to squander tax dollars" to build a nuclear cyclotron, an "atom-smashing machine." [quoted by Susan R. Richardson, in "Reds, Race, and Research: Homer P. Rainey and the
Grand Texas Tradition of Political Interference, 1939-1944," an essay which appears in a book edited by Roger L. Geiger, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1412805171/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=1412805171&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=QUMEX3RIWUBHUJHM">Perspectives on the History of Higher Education: 2005 (History of Higher Education Annual)</a></i> (2005), page 141.]<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Rainey Controversy</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz1c2rO1B7TIqukw1Uj7AZpEgKnoGtOcg7JuskTM4A64FYo6AzWwxoglwb1D94zFht9vi3tIOhByaW8xbE7TgTzatPEie7zDDXxQ63odhFlrzIc3rA1IKWx2Hx8ISq8fyKKg_Mnocns0ei/s1600/Rainey_gagged.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz1c2rO1B7TIqukw1Uj7AZpEgKnoGtOcg7JuskTM4A64FYo6AzWwxoglwb1D94zFht9vi3tIOhByaW8xbE7TgTzatPEie7zDDXxQ63odhFlrzIc3rA1IKWx2Hx8ISq8fyKKg_Mnocns0ei/s320/Rainey_gagged.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Susan R. Richardson, "Reds, Race and Research," page 144. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
What brought on Rainey's downfall as president of the University of Texas was that when W. Lee O'Daniel was re-elected governor, he believed he had been given authority to appoint new regents who opposed the University president. Then, once O'Daniel left the state office to fill a U.S. Senate seat, his lieutenant governor, Coke Stevenson, became governor and continued the process of packing the Board with anti-Rainey men.<br />
<br />
New regents voted in a bloc with <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fst16" target="_blank">Lutcher Stark</a>, lumberman from Orange, Texas, to fire pro-New Deal economics professors, as well as to cut the salary of <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fdo02" target="_blank">J. Frank Dobie</a>, a Texas history folklore writer with only an M.A. from Columbia University in New York. A "liberal" oilman, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sNVJK39qXkwC&pg=PA144&dq=%22gag+conference%22+parten&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ_s2gntPbAhUPQq0KHUpZBj8Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22gag%20conference%22%20parten&f=false">Parten</a> opposed these efforts and began spreading rumors about their intent of "fomenting a coup." [See inset, left, from pages 144-5.]<br />
<br />
It was the ex-Marine and elected student body president, Mac Wallace, who led the protest against Rainey's firing, which occurred during the fall of 1944, a few months before his selection to the Friar Society.<br />
<br />
Joan Mellen wrote of Mac Wallace's activities during the summer of 1945 in New York City, poised to continue his education, but not quite sure what path he would take:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">On June 11, 1945, Mac Wallace enrolled at the School of Law at Columbia. Two weeks later, he dropped out “for reasons of ill health.” He had contracted a nasty skin infection that required expensive injections that he could not afford. He never went back. Instead, he registered for the fall semester beginning in September 1945 at the New School for Social Research as a candidate for a master’s degree in economics. He took courses in “money and credit (essentially Keynesian)” and “trade policies and tariff construction.” ... Wallace dropped out of the New School without receiving a degree. At the turn of the new year 1946, he quit his job at the National City Bank to “work on a campaign” and returned to Texas. Homer Rainey was seeking the Democratic Party nomination to be governor of Texas and Wallace would be his Dallas city campaign manager. He would also be the state director of College Students for Rainey. To complete his undergraduate degree, he enrolled in classes at the University of Texas and commuted between Dallas and Austin. </span>[Mellen, Joan. <i>Faustian Bargains: Lyndon Johnson and Mac Wallace in the Robber Baron Culture of Texas</i> (pp. 70-71). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition. ]</blockquote>
Information available on the Friars website considerably differs from what Mellen writes in her book, which states:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">As a senior, Wallace was now eligible to be elected to the Friar’s Society. The 1946– 47 Friar’s group of eight included not only Wallace, but Horace Busby; Dolph Briscoe Jr., a future governor of Texas; and future congressman Jack B. Brooks. </span>[Mellen, L<i>yndon Johnson and Mac Wallace...</i> (p. 73).]</blockquote>
If the website is to be believed, Mac was already a Friars member before he went to New York in the summer of 1945, not yet having completed his degree. Not long after returning to Austin, he married:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">That summer of 1947 Mac took up with a pretty, sexually adventurous young woman named Mary Andre Dubose Barton. “Andre,” as she preferred to be known, and her sister Ruth had been adopted by Kostromey [sic] Palestrina Barton, a Methodist minister known as “KP,” who taught at the University of Texas, and his wife, Roberta, a former English instructor at UT.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1922 R.J. (Ruddell Jones Byrd, sometimes called Leo by his family) and his wife Ada lived at 822 N. Lancaster in Dallas, but before long they had moved farther west to the unincorporated area between Grand Prairie and Irving onto Lone Star Road. His younger brother had been born in Detroit, Texas in<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzaI4rvW7En09ve0lQ2Yw29Q8el5J9rPEKf-yvNJ131EjmDFgkVtUIg4sEPtJIESfOVyzdEmfPCKCtavtSV_QhBco8-eHWWD4kMeDWwU4LHvvJAN0MdxhHztbWZk37e-vfZ6_nWIIPIrsy/s1600/Harold+Byrd_Mt+Pleasant_1937.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1513" data-original-width="851" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzaI4rvW7En09ve0lQ2Yw29Q8el5J9rPEKf-yvNJ131EjmDFgkVtUIg4sEPtJIESfOVyzdEmfPCKCtavtSV_QhBco8-eHWWD4kMeDWwU4LHvvJAN0MdxhHztbWZk37e-vfZ6_nWIIPIrsy/s320/Harold+Byrd_Mt+Pleasant_1937.jpg" width="179" /></a>By 1953, D.H. had taken over the company his brother, R.J. had started after apparently selling his interest in Byrd-Frost to his former partner.<br />
<br />
Did his growing up in this area have even greater significance, when considering the fact that, after his murder conviction which resulted in a suspended sentence and immediate release, Malcolm Everett (Mac) Wallace was given a security clearance to work for Ling-Temco-Vought's facility in California?<br />
<br />
Is it simply a remarkable coincidence that the name of Mac Wallace's younger brother was Harold David Wallace?<br />
<br />
Mac's father, Alvin James Wallace, had been born (1896) and reared in Mt. Pleasant, but by 1920 he was married and living in Red River County at Johntown.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
By 1944 Texas businessmen, although most were still Democrats since Reconstruction days, were fed up with FDR's New Deal "liberalism." When Rainey ran for governor of Texas in 1946, he was defeated by <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/10/excerpt-from-manuscript-by-richard.html" target="_blank">Beauford Jester</a> and his running mate Allan Shivers. As Richard Bartholomew informed us in his monograph, "Colonel Burris' wife, Barbara J. Burris, is the daughter of Governor Jester." QJ has mentioned the Burris family often and even contains a <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/10/from-sam-houston-to-howard-lay-burris.html" target="_blank">detailed genealogical study</a> of the family; Burris was also mentioned in my <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/02/edited-remarks-from-jfk-conference.html" target="_blank">edited remarks</a> from 2014 JFK Assassination Conference. Understanding how he fit into the network of men behind LBJ has never been completely understood. It may be the key to the real perpetrators.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Who Else was Born in Detroit, Texas? </b></i></span><br />
<br />
David Harold (D.H.) Byrd's father Edward transplanted his roots to Texas, after growing up in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, following his marriage in 1879 in the tiny town of Blossom Prairie, Texas, the hometown of his chosen bride, Mollie Easley. For those interested in what I call "Byrd's Back Back Story," I will post the research into the family simultaneously with this segment. Otherwise, it becomes much more bulky and confusing than it already is.<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: #990000;">Politics is about power.</span></b> When Edward Byrd married Mollie Easley in 1879, he was initiated into a circle of power that would descend to his youngest son, D. Harold, for, as it happens, Mollie and her younger brother Edwin grew up in eastern Lamar County near <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fga24" target="_blank">John Nance Garner</a>, who, the Texas State Historical Association tell us "was born on November 22, 1868, in a log cabin near Detroit, Texas. He went to school at Bogata and Blossom Prairie. At eighteen he went to Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, where he stayed only one semester, possibly because of ill health. He returned to Clarksville, Texas, read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1890. After an unsuccessful run for the office of city attorney he moved to Uvalde, where he began law practice." He also ran for county judge and in 1895 married Mariette "Ettie" Rheiner, daughter of a <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=92397436" target="_blank">Swiss immigrant</a> who had settled in Texas in 1860.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUP3TGHqrQGhPUnFssDro2EDnM-O1OWZtu3OiXcxAAqOePdqZaVOMaLKWNYME0rBOhhL7ElSc3NU2A3Q_LRTatFAwaTSbJsyQLfMpbSckUSSk5p8lZLMClIazOdFhRlZnU03ZeDTO7eGuY/s1600/Garner+for+President_1938.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="497" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUP3TGHqrQGhPUnFssDro2EDnM-O1OWZtu3OiXcxAAqOePdqZaVOMaLKWNYME0rBOhhL7ElSc3NU2A3Q_LRTatFAwaTSbJsyQLfMpbSckUSSk5p8lZLMClIazOdFhRlZnU03ZeDTO7eGuY/s1600/Garner+for+President_1938.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">D.H. Byrd's grandfather was R. J. Easley, Garner's "lifetime friend." Photos from <a href="https://fdrlibrary.wordpress.com/page/5/" target="_blank">FDRlibrary website</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
We first begin seeing the name <i>John Nance Garner</i> in newspapers in 1904, a couple of years after his first election to the U.S. Congress. There he garnered favor from the boss of the region, <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwe22" target="_blank">James Babbage Wells, Jr</a>., better known simply as Jim Wells, whose south Texas political machine shepherded Garner's election to Congress. Possibly because of Wells' protection, Garner's district was one of the safest, enabling him to attain the coveted role of Speaker of the House of Representatives.<br />
<br />
John Nance Garner (fourth in a series of men with the same name) was born in 1868 in the same town where D. Harold Byrd would be born in 1900. Garner's father (age 17) was listed near Clarksville in Red River County's 1860 census, and his mother, Sallie Guest, was born in Blossom Prairie in 1851. Six of Garner's seven siblings still lived in either Red River or Lamar County when he was, elected Vice President in 1932.<br />
<br />
Within six years the pride Garner felt about being on the ticket with Franklin Roosevelt had turned to disgust, and his siblings and friends joined with others who turned against the President and began campaigning to nominate Cactus Jack Garner as the Democrats' standard bearer. They were angry for FDR's selection of Henry A. Wallace as Garner's replacement.<br />
<br />
We jump now to what John Nance Garner did during his retirement after 1940.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-82702164534630311102019-03-31T17:06:00.003-05:002019-11-05T14:37:31.679-06:00Charles B. Wrightsman's Early Years<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifJmGfzqsetgeTB_EvNAHwwangU_LHkW9T2Y4lQA5xVJMC61D93jZSN5dPrhfZFcuCjCq81B61Lr8gkwaJjWm_Wkvuh5PawR7mt-GVgInLoqwMFxFzJMAfhnbRgdT-6nRif64Mv09C_5dn/s1600/Wrightsman+polo+pic+1939.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="657" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifJmGfzqsetgeTB_EvNAHwwangU_LHkW9T2Y4lQA5xVJMC61D93jZSN5dPrhfZFcuCjCq81B61Lr8gkwaJjWm_Wkvuh5PawR7mt-GVgInLoqwMFxFzJMAfhnbRgdT-6nRif64Mv09C_5dn/s320/Wrightsman+polo+pic+1939.jpg" width="308" /></a></div>
Charles
B. Wrightsman grew up in Pawnee and Tulsa, Oklahoma, where his father,
Charles John Wrightsman, was a lawyer--practicing with C.E. Bush and V.
O. Johnson. C.B. was sent off to New Hampshire for boarding school at
Phillips Exeter Academy before <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38313505/charles_b_wrightsman_at_phillips/">March 1913</a>.<br />
<br />
In 1914, however, C.J. Wrightsman <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29689144/wrightsmans_move_to_new_york_from/">announced</a>
he had sold all his property in Tulsa and was moving to New York, where
he and several independent oilmen from Oklahoma were then in the
process of contracting to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29689089/cj_wrightsman_et_alnavy_oil1914/">sell oil to the U.S. Navy</a> for the market price of 50 cents a barrel. In 1915 the Wrightsman family had moved from Tulsa to New York.
C.B.had attended prep school at Phillips Exeter in New Hampshire, and <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38313765/cb_wrightsman_at_stanford1915/">by the spring of 1915</a> was enrolled in Leland Stanford University at Berkeley, California.<br />
<br />
In 1916, C.B., by then a student at Columbia University in New York City, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29685238/cb_wrightsman_joins_father1916/">went with his father to Kansas</a> to look over oil properties his father had just purchased in the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29686725/el_dorado_oil/">El Dorado field</a>. But in New York he had fallen in love with airplanes, although his father had
attempted to discourage him <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29689260/cj_wrightsman_gives_son_a_boat1917/">by giving him a boat</a>.
The <i>Tulsa Daily World</i> wrote in April 1917 that C.J. finally consented
to allow his son to enlist in the volunteer aviation corps and to train as a
pilot, and he was not ready to give up flying at that time to be a mere oilman.<br />
<br />
As
a Navy Ensign, C.B became executive officer and aide to Lieut. Comdr.
Albert Cushing Read (nephew of Rear Admiral Albert Smith Barker,
deceased in 1916). A. C. Read had started a<i> </i>flight school at Bay Shore, Long Island, New York, one of the millionaires' units described by Marc Wortman in his 2007 book, <i>The Millionaires' Unit: The Aristocratic Flyboys Who Fought the Great War and Invented American Air Power</i>. From there Read and Wrightsman moved to Florida to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29687181/cb_wrightsmanbay_shore_li1917/">build a new school south of Miami</a>.
A court case decided in 1970 reveals the highlights of Wrightsman's
life, from that point up until his "career" as an investor in works of
art. <br />
<br />
Excerpt from court case:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<h3 class="court" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #666666;">Charles B. Wrightsman and Jayne Wrightsman v. the United States United States Court of Claims. - <a href="http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/428/1316/172941/" target="_blank">428 F.2d 131</a></span> </h3>
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</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><b>July 15, 1970</b></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: #666666;">In
1918, after active service in the United States Navy, Charles Bierer
Wrightsman moved to Fort Worth, Texas, [sic] where he engaged in the oil
business as a lease broker and in several oil ventures. He accumulated
sufficient funds by 1930 to purchase, and did purchase at private sale,
the shares of the largest stockholder of Standard Oil Company of Kansas.
He was then elected to the board of directors and, in 1932, became
president of that company. He held such office through January 1951,
when liquidation of that company, which had commenced in 1949, was
concluded. At this time, Charles owned 93.7 percent of the outstanding
stock.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Upon the liquidation, Mr. Wrightsman received a 93.7 percent interest in
all of the properties, including one million dollars in cash
distributed to him. With the removal of the corporate structure, his
financial position changed from stock ownership to direct ownership of
oil-producing properties, which he has continued to operate as an
individual under appropriate arrangements with the owners of the 6.3
percent interests. Thus, he commenced and has continued to receive
directly a large cash flow, which had previously gone into the corporate
coffers.</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Aside from his investments in Standard Oil of Kansas, Mr. Wrightsman's
ownership of stock, as well as that of Mrs. [<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/20/obituaries/jayne-wrightsman-dead.html">Jayne Kirkman Larkin</a>] Wrightsman, has been quite
limited. In 1959, Wrightsman Investment Company was organized, with Mr.
Wrightsman as the sole stockholder, owning minor Oklahoma oil properties
contributed by Charles, land on which plaintiffs' Palm Beach, Florida,
home is located, and limited assets previously owned by Charles in New
Mexico, Mississippi and Nebraska. Plaintiffs acquired 1,583 shares of
Wrightsman Petroleum Company in 1960 and 1961, a company which had been
organized by Charles' father. At the time of the trial of this case,
Mrs. Wrightsman was the beneficial owner of a trust for which a bank, as
trustee, had purchased stock.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mr. Wrightsman believed that oil was one of the best possible
investments, if selectively made. His <i>trips to the Persian Gulf
countries in the mid-1950's</i> indicated to him, however, that there was a
possibility of an oil glut, which caused him to conclude that he should
make an effort to hedge his investments in oil with investments of other
kinds. He sought advice from qualified employees. The certified public
accountant in charge of his accounts recommended purchase of unimproved
real estate and stock in corporations not in the oil industry. These
recommendations were not followed.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">By this time, Mr. Wrightsman had formed the belief that works of art
were an excellent hedge against inflation and devaluation of currencies,
that they represented <i>portable international currency</i>, since there were
no restrictions on export from the United States, and that works of art
were appropriate assets for investment of a substantial portion of his
<i>surplus cash</i> being generated. These beliefs and investment intent were
expressed to numerous friends and associates and the employees of his
business office.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mrs. Wrightsman's assets have been derived from income through Mr.
Wrightsman under community property laws and from funds received from
Charles in the form of gifts. Jayne Larkin Wrightsman fully shared Charles' beliefs and
intent concerning investment in works of art. Their marriage has been
one of constant association and travel together, with common interests
and goals.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In their art collecting activities, plaintiffs have specialized in the
acquisition of 18th century French works of art<b>.</b> Mrs. Wrightsman is not
just a nominal party herein because of the filing of joint returns by
the parties. She owns about three-fourths of plaintiffs' works of art,
either by number or by value. Their activities in the acquisition and
holding of such works of art have been conducted jointly.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Plaintiffs' mode of living from 1947 to the present time has been to
reside from the latter part of November until late April at their <b>home
in Palm Beach, Florida</b>, with occasional trips to New York City or
elsewhere. Commencing about the first of May, they live for about <b>30
days in New York City, staying since 1956 in their Fifth Avenue
apartment</b>. From June 1 to the end of September or early October, they
are <b>in Europe</b>, where they live exclusively in hotels. (Emphasis added above in italics and bold text.)</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Wrightsman Residences</span></span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">From
news reports published while the above mentioned events were taking
place, we detect at least one misstatement. Wrightsman did not move to
Fort Worth in 1918. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjciJh0dyC56BRnDDa43cZ8kay_rKlocouQynxwwNjMI7UeiaUj-oWLyZyPqjydGpmOCE-RuBjCQvvrFBHy0V7vK6bfhcaJJPO-JJ5vtvEB8R4VpnEOZXHOJDcxhpGtX-gLv-bXHlkwI46e/s1600/casino+Miami+1918.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="500" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjciJh0dyC56BRnDDa43cZ8kay_rKlocouQynxwwNjMI7UeiaUj-oWLyZyPqjydGpmOCE-RuBjCQvvrFBHy0V7vK6bfhcaJJPO-JJ5vtvEB8R4VpnEOZXHOJDcxhpGtX-gLv-bXHlkwI46e/s320/casino+Miami+1918.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carl Fisher's Miami casino</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">News
reports indicate he and then-Lieutenant Read were guests at the Royal
Palm Hotel in January 1918, where Glenn H. Curtiss was said to be a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38488537/curtissread_and_wrightsman1918/">"regular"</a>. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">"Captain" Read and Ensign Wrightsman were also in attendance at that year's opening of <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38489001/read_and_wrightsman_with_mcadoos1918/">Carl Fisher's casino in Miami Beach</a>, along with two sons of </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of the Treasury</span></span></span> William Gibbs McAdoo--Ensigns P. H. and W. G. Jr. That month Wrightsman was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38489194/ac_read_wedwrightsman1918/">Read's only attendant</a>
at his wedding to Bess Burdine, and the following month he and William
G. McAdoo Jr. were together in Palm Beach. Running the flight school was
their job until at least May 1918.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span></span>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKpS2UvMCVsqldA8K9v89ec_4T4rmVcg1GCWmFuxcYIzOlf4N_KdEM7el-iRNZKumiHJTP8fEKY0Kjc3Ix8i875jEUywh_6hwKdf4EC0JAacJW768ddGAOpA2MjwkeQ_j_gz2I34DhzqN/s1600/Wrightsman_Read_1919.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="286" data-original-width="484" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKpS2UvMCVsqldA8K9v89ec_4T4rmVcg1GCWmFuxcYIzOlf4N_KdEM7el-iRNZKumiHJTP8fEKY0Kjc3Ix8i875jEUywh_6hwKdf4EC0JAacJW768ddGAOpA2MjwkeQ_j_gz2I34DhzqN/s400/Wrightsman_Read_1919.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">C.B.
disappeared from society news until he resurfaced in Shreveport,
Louisiana in September 1919, just in time to be visited by his friend
from the naval air school, preparing for a reprise of his transatlantic
flight with the original crew who had accompanied him on the first
flight only weeks before. In October C.B. set up American Drilling
Company, Inc. in Shreveport with H. C. Brewster, Jr. and C. S. Clarke.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">There
are indications from these same news reports that, although involved in
drilling for oil, his major interest was still aviation. In August
1920, he entered the Pulitzer trophy transatlantic race in New York with
a friend from Tulsa, Howard Birkett, but was also entered the next year
for the Pulitzer trophy in Omaha. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Referred to as the "senior lieutenant on the reserve list," </span></span></span>Wrightsman
was said to own three airplanes entered in the American Legion aerial
derby held in Kansas City, Missouri, during the organization's annual
meeting. There was some confusion spread among various newspapers about
which of his planes won which prizes, most alleging first place had <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">been
won by Lloyd Bertau. Later reports stated that a $3,000 prize awarded
to Earl F. White, had been enjoined because the plane he flew, owned by
Wrightsman, was not in compliance with the race rules. Wrightsman
refused to give up the prize, and the court eventually sided with him.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj25IzDPNnm0EYiNT0x0E3gF97U0Q5v5Q7I2RdZYURuVtAXDxOStdRFVEFgZC02YYodyNL6U707GReAVt0cG3bkWLtT-1vMWPZIuEKAa3bH1QavVEveUUhAlO7SuKezAX7mIuYXVW3Jxf3C/s1600/Wrightsman+report+1921.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="706" data-original-width="396" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj25IzDPNnm0EYiNT0x0E3gF97U0Q5v5Q7I2RdZYURuVtAXDxOStdRFVEFgZC02YYodyNL6U707GReAVt0cG3bkWLtT-1vMWPZIuEKAa3bH1QavVEveUUhAlO7SuKezAX7mIuYXVW3Jxf3C/s400/Wrightsman+report+1921.jpg" width="223" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Intelligence report on oil in Soviet lands</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">According to the write-up in the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13266316/c_b_wrightsmanaerial_awardexplored/"><i>Tulsa Daily World</i></a>,
C. B. had spent the months of June through October 1921 traveling
across Europe by air, to "study oil conditions, particularly in Russia
and Roumania." The newspaper then printed a large portion of what
appears to have been an intelligence briefing prepared for investors
hoping to obtain the right to drill in old Russian oilfields now
controlled by the new Soviet Union.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_AlZ_FoLaM5t5QW9TqmIY4Of0m27TqQNopsJS3VBlSjdWbUHhOgZZswg5-DOR1ZkMsdvrC502hdxLJ5YCPrwRuEplQKDGvepAOJdr0ZZ_7TXM_LI1_mjB5dCwMkSbnLK8u4Q89jdDPxTW/s1600/1645+S+Cheyenne+Tulsa.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="555" data-original-width="809" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_AlZ_FoLaM5t5QW9TqmIY4Of0m27TqQNopsJS3VBlSjdWbUHhOgZZswg5-DOR1ZkMsdvrC502hdxLJ5YCPrwRuEplQKDGvepAOJdr0ZZ_7TXM_LI1_mjB5dCwMkSbnLK8u4Q89jdDPxTW/s200/1645+S+Cheyenne+Tulsa.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Once
the court case was settled in his favor, C.B., reportedly of New York,
was back in Miami by February 1, 1922 to enjoy the beach and polo games.
By June he had met his first wife, Irene Stafford, and married her at
his home in Tulsa--1645 South Cheyenne Avenue. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Later
that year the Aero Club of America ordered C. B. to return the $3,000
award from the previous year's contested aero race in Omaha. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">By
1923 the younger Wrightsmans were residing in Beverly Hills, while his
parents had homes in both New York and Tulsa. C.B. began playing polo at
the Midwick Country Club near Alhambra where he sometimes teamed with
Hal Roach, Will Rogers, Jr., Carleton F. Burke and others until 1931. By
1932 his primary focus centered on the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29686012/first_proxy_battle_since_1929_when/">proxy fight</a> he was waging for Standard Oil of Kansas, along with Lionel T. Barneson and Cyrus Bell. After 1934 everything in C.B.'s life would change.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Charles John and Edna Wrightsman (not related) Wrightsman, did eventually move to 935 Hillcrest in Fort
Worth, Texas, but not before 1938, where they lived adjacent to the River Crest Country Club
golf course, their home until their deaths in 1950 and 1959. Only nine houses now stand between their home and </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">805
Hillcrest -- a residence built in 1927 by attorney Edwin T.
Phillips, father of the notorious CIA agent David Atlee Phillips.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
year after moving into the new home, Edwin died, leaving his widow with
numerous sons to support. Mrs. Phillips then moved less than a mile
away to the northern tip of the golf course on Rivercrest Drive in Fort
Worth. The background of CIA Agent David Atlee Phillips, and his
ancestry, has been <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/search/label/David%20Atlee%20Phillips">set out in detail elsewhere</a> in this blog.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2017/09/">Charles B. Wrightsman</a> is more fully developed at a previous blog post as well.</span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-39953173307880765552018-08-22T12:38:00.000-05:002018-08-22T12:38:34.115-05:00Within the Netherworld of International Currency Exchange Rates<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkPsvcc6JFDk7vvTj0NCfoh-KBuSrtw11_kPR-wfqZoZV1FhjtoWYqVAZhXfMXufRSUr3Mh99I8eEoeYPjVss-0Shn4kwwWko6MKowclowstLVWTiPZ484aQbMiHlzrHqZ_Y7QPuNmdDw2/s1600/PetrodollarImage_0.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkPsvcc6JFDk7vvTj0NCfoh-KBuSrtw11_kPR-wfqZoZV1FhjtoWYqVAZhXfMXufRSUr3Mh99I8eEoeYPjVss-0Shn4kwwWko6MKowclowstLVWTiPZ484aQbMiHlzrHqZ_Y7QPuNmdDw2/s200/PetrodollarImage_0.png" width="194" /></a><span style="color: #666666;">"<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><i>The Bank of Russia took another step towards a free float ruble by
abolishing the dual currency soft peg, as well as automatic
interventions. Before, the bank propped up the ruble when the exchange
rate against the euro and dollar exceeded its boundaries....The Central Bank of Russia’s un-pegging of the ruble from the
dollar and euro brings to an <b>end two decades of exchange rate
controls</b>. The transition to a free exchange rate means monetary
policy in Russia moves to interest rates and inflation targeting.</i></span>"</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><a href="https://www.rt.com/business/203959-russian-ruble-free-float-bank/" target="_blank">RT website</a>, November 10, 2014</span> </div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">"<i>Experts have given the petrodollar a fatal diagnosis. Falling crude prices have accelerated the petrodollar's demise, dealing a heavy blow to the system that has long facilitated the US dollar's world reserve currency status. Emerging economies are abandoning the US dollar as a means of payment for oil, having shifted to national currencies.</i>"</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://sputniknews.com/business/201602041034241083-emerging-economies-petrodollar-trading/" target="_blank"><i>Sputnik International</i></a>, April 2, 2016</span> </div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Diminishing Gold Reserves Led to Watergate</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6s-5dDjWfBNv2h6UU_jFA7f6mObGpZYTKtxvFZAyxFvzq417DjXdX1-ajM3zgt8cDaqhFJ6WdgaEivtoJEz4xjqATlmvzk9kpQy6v32cCtzWojgMnFjjAANo5HAsIk_RrRLYTgdd2yhW-/s1600/Bretton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6s-5dDjWfBNv2h6UU_jFA7f6mObGpZYTKtxvFZAyxFvzq417DjXdX1-ajM3zgt8cDaqhFJ6WdgaEivtoJEz4xjqATlmvzk9kpQy6v32cCtzWojgMnFjjAANo5HAsIk_RrRLYTgdd2yhW-/s200/Bretton.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Currency valuation set in 1945</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
At the close of World War II, the various economies of the world had entered into an agreement in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, whereby a system of fixed exchange rates was established, pegging all currencies to the U.S. price of gold, which was fixed at $35 per ounce. Price increases of consumer goods, however, began during the last years of Lyndon Johnson's last term and had continued unabated through Nixon's first and into his second term. The Group of Ten met in Washington, D.C. to sign the Smithsonian Agreement on December 21, 1971, devaluing the Dollar against gold by approximately 8.5 percent-- $38 per ounce--hoping to shore up . Gold speculators, however, continued to drive the price of gold ever higher. <br />
<br />
By 1972 inflation reached a rate of 6%, while GDP growth was less than 1%. Gold reserves backing the Dollar had collapsed from 55% down to 22%. The United States did not have enough gold to cover the volume of dollars in worldwide circulation at the rate of $35 per ounce. Because foreign traders refused to buy the dollars printed by the Fed, Nixon ordered a <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/nixon-shock" target="_blank">10% export tax</a> to be paid by buyers of U.S. goods in the hope that European and Asian traders would lower barriers to allow trade with America. They did not. The U.S. had no choice but to devalue the dollar, since it could not pay for its imports with the gold available valued at $35 per ounce.<br />
<br />
Nixon's advisers tried to explain to him why America's trade imbalance existed. One major reason, as <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-great-heroin-coup-chapters-nine-ten.html" target="_blank">discussed here previously</a>, was that American demand for Indochina-derived opium, refined and distributed by French mobsters, resulted in a huge flow of dollars into the European trade zone. The second reason for the inflationary rise was that American oil companies had increasingly turned to foreign countries which offered more lucrative fields for production to supply American consumers, including the <a href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/saudi-arabian-oil-company-history/" target="_blank">U.S. Navy's undiminished demand for oil</a>. (See source documents cited by <a href="https://www.fxcm.com/insights/how-does-the-price-of-oil-affect-the-u-s-economy/" target="_blank">this article</a>.)<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWqeVvrRa0EcwgzpDS-TH0VbVrThyBPaFBlt5oKFqpv2WBKRv7sqISnOlRvgh4KbNDhO0HHP-7NkJxSj3lduMqeOQpndCtFcpJF6-2mVPUlAcRcUMz1ASMVKoLCnfdjVE0rPPqZHAS5LVz/s1600/gold+dollar.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWqeVvrRa0EcwgzpDS-TH0VbVrThyBPaFBlt5oKFqpv2WBKRv7sqISnOlRvgh4KbNDhO0HHP-7NkJxSj3lduMqeOQpndCtFcpJF6-2mVPUlAcRcUMz1ASMVKoLCnfdjVE0rPPqZHAS5LVz/s200/gold+dollar.png" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Removal of gold backing of U.S. $$$</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Texas lawyer <a href="https://www.ipe.com/the-dollar-is-our-currency-but-its-your-problem/25599.fullarticle" target="_blank">John Connally</a>, Nixon's Treasury Secretary, LBJ's knowledgeable adviser in oil matters, had made their first formal announcement in mid-August 1971 of America's intent to end the existing system of <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/nixon-shock">fixed exchange rates </a>set up in the Bretton Woods Agreement. The responsibility for supporting the Bretton Woods exchange rate values fell upon the United States, which had become incapable of garnering enough gold to cover
the volume of dollars in worldwide circulation at the rate of $35 per ounce, even though the government had introduced <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/nixon-shock">countless measures</a> in the attempt to do so. On August 15, Nixon told the world that the dollar would no longer be convertibility into gold. More detailed terms were set forth in December at the <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v03/d221" target="_blank">G-10 meeting in Rome</a>, where Connally declared:<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>“<i>The dollar is our currency, but it's your problem</i>.” </b></span></blockquote>
<br />
At that G-10 meeting the <a href="http://www.federalreservehistory.org/Events/DetailView/34" target="_blank">Smithsonian Agreement</a> was adopted, fated to last only fifteen months. In March 1973, the "G–10 approved an
arrangement wherein six members of the European Community [West Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Denmark] tied their currencies
together and jointly floated against the U.S. dollar, a decision that
effectively signaled the abandonment of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate
system in favor of the current system of floating exchange rates." Britain, Ireland and Italy were also members of the Common Market, but only stood and watched. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA4Sov1qjGs_ihdwWYRjyleNbzcPn5-6aobfNLauY22QzPN5QDQ_cy39c997iHeWrOXnrj6fuEgLeqmwazCWCCAdo_7k5KDe8gB_UjWw_1bNX693klarwWf8NXEcyYDjyUfTolG738noox/s1600/Gaza_Golan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="659" data-original-width="585" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA4Sov1qjGs_ihdwWYRjyleNbzcPn5-6aobfNLauY22QzPN5QDQ_cy39c997iHeWrOXnrj6fuEgLeqmwazCWCCAdo_7k5KDe8gB_UjWw_1bNX693klarwWf8NXEcyYDjyUfTolG738noox/s320/Gaza_Golan.jpg" width="284" /></a></div>
In the midst of all the worry over the international exchange rate, Nixon had a few dozen other crises to deal with, the top three being:<br />
<ul>
<li>Getting out of the war in Vietnam;</li>
<li>What to do about the Spiro Agnew scandal; and</li>
<li>How eliminating the gold standard was affecting the price of oil agreed to in the <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/d115">Tehran Agreement</a> of 1971.</li>
</ul>
What Senator Ervin's Watergate Committee might dig up was still only mentioned on inside pages of the news in the fall of 1973. Oil producing states were demanding a 70% increase in prices, unsuccessfully, at the time Egypt and Syria coordinated attacks of the <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/images/israel06.jpg" target="_blank">territories occupied by Israel</a> (see inset map) on October 6, 1973, following by an oil embargo,which forced the United Nations to step in and adopt Resolution 340, calling for a ceasefire monitored by peacekeepers.<br />
<br />
The <a href="https://www.thebalance.com/opec-oil-embargo-causes-and-effects-of-the-crisis-3305806" target="_blank">embargo</a> imposed by OPEC cut supplies of oil while the price per barrel of crude was increased, a situation which continued into March of 1974, when thirteen western nations met in Washington, D.C. to discuss the situation. The Arabs planned to hold an oil summit but repeatedly delayed it. Then President Nixon, having first me with King Faisal in June 1974, sent Salomon Brothers-bond trader William E. Simon, his "energy czar," to Saudi Arabia, trailed by Gerald Parsky, with orders to finalize the terms of the two leaders' verbal agreement.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf5p53b4ZYZBbt5l5SjY_SxCJEWdA1w6fRIHG7L49FLaLlCUgM-PX-5Vgzcl-trFbLuThtxc_iSnW4KJasjUZUZrRHIMMvYbpY_wZOs2Nq_4Cth7v22T77t_-KqkLLAVrogU40vY-u-NMf/s1600/Parsky+1968+pic+crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="272" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf5p53b4ZYZBbt5l5SjY_SxCJEWdA1w6fRIHG7L49FLaLlCUgM-PX-5Vgzcl-trFbLuThtxc_iSnW4KJasjUZUZrRHIMMvYbpY_wZOs2Nq_4Cth7v22T77t_-KqkLLAVrogU40vY-u-NMf/s200/Parsky+1968+pic+crop.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gerald Parsky</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Nixon had recruited Parsky, a native of West Hartford, Connecticut from his <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JBRbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA121&lpg=RA1-PA121&dq=%22nixon+mudge%22+parsky&source=bl&ots=dIUyhIB7Cq&sig=quS01B1unCYC9Oe_RgMsUhOID_4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX-u6Q09bTAhWmh1QKHYntCwgQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22nixon%20mudge%22%20parsky&f=false" target="_blank">"obscure"</a> New York law firm (Nixon Mudge Rose & Guthrie), which hired Parsky straight out of law school. From the firm he was hired in November, 1971 by the Tax Legislative Council to be the executive assistant to his <a href="http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr07/parsky.htm" target="_blank">University of Virginia Law School professor, Edwin Cohen</a>, a tax expert. During this time, Parsky was also <a href="http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr07/parsky.htm" target="_blank">"mentored" by Treasury Secretary George Shultz</a>. <a href="http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr07/parsky.htm" target="_blank">Cullen Crouch wrote</a> of the UVA alumnus in 2007:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><i>Time </i>magazine called him “Treasury’s Wunderkind,” a “lean,
tireless, dapper, and serenely poised” public servant who was “one of
the administration’s most powerful bright young men.”</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Birth of the Petrodollar</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbQVrtXV4Jo0LzNvgcS-kh4wGAHk9JltrGcbOO7C-oiBX8YSPdD96JXScXWbQajmGh5aUdiU8OpK2gHLv_DiNEEK3i6gfBw6f9NeG6qAuDXkCGaqe9FBKpm8LnJbwdGvexcsyjPDly1mEo/s1600/faisal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="208" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbQVrtXV4Jo0LzNvgcS-kh4wGAHk9JltrGcbOO7C-oiBX8YSPdD96JXScXWbQajmGh5aUdiU8OpK2gHLv_DiNEEK3i6gfBw6f9NeG6qAuDXkCGaqe9FBKpm8LnJbwdGvexcsyjPDly1mEo/s200/faisal.jpg" width="144" /></a>King Faisal signed the agreement Parsky worked out, thus bringing a temporary settlement to the crisis. However, the King insisted that the underlying promises be kept secret, that is "King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud demanded the country’s Treasury purchases stay '<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-05-30/the-untold-story-behind-saudi-arabia-s-41-year-u-s-debt-secret" target="_blank">strictly secret</a>,' according to a diplomatic cable obtained by Bloomberg from the National Archives database." Consequently, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-22/u-s-is-hiding-treasury-bond-data-that-s-suddenly-become-crucial" target="_blank">how much U.S. debt the Saudis held</a> would be classified top-secret for 41 years. As summarized by the Bloomberg article:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #741b47;">The U.S. would buy oil from Saudi Arabia and provide the kingdom
military aid and equipment. In return, the Saudis would plow billions of
their petrodollar revenue back into Treasuries and finance America’s
spending....By 1977, Saudi Arabia had accumulated about 20 percent of all Treasuries held abroad, according to <i>The Hidden Hand of American Hegemony: Petrodollar Recycling and International Markets</i> by Columbia University’s David Spiro.</span></span></span></blockquote>
Stated somewhat differently by <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/the-untold-story-behind-saudi-arabia-s-41-year-us-debt-secret-a7059041.html" target="_blank">Andrea Wong in the Independen</a>t:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="color: #660000;">Treasury officials solved the dilemma by letting the Saudis in through
the back door. In the first of many special arrangements, the US allowed
Saudi Arabia to <i>bypass the normal competitive bidding process for
buying Treasuries</i> by creating “add-ons.” Those sales, which were
excluded from the official auction totals, <i>hid all traces of Saudi
Arabia’s presence in the US government debt market</i>....Instead of disclosing Saudi Arabia’s holdings, the Treasury grouped them
with 14 other nations, such as Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and
Nigeria, under the generic heading “oil exporters” <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">– </span>a practice that continued for 41 years.</span></span></span></blockquote>
The New York Times reported in its February 22, 1974 edition about a speech given to a merchant marine executives' luncheon meeting at the local Propeller Club. The speaker, Michael Mohamed Ameen Jr., a vice president of Saudi Aramco (who, according to <span class="addmd">Lawrence Wright in his book</span>, <i>The Looming Tower </i>at page 55<i>, </i>had known Mohammed bin Laden [fn-Osama was his 17th child out of 54 born] during the 1950s), told his listeners:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">King Faisal of Saudi Arabia “told us, in August, 1973, there would be
another war within six months, and that he would have no alternative but
to use oil as a weapon. His warnings went unheeded.”**</span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>A Republican Game of Musical Chairs</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAgHvPXKKArwaI_MOHJFXTKt4MZSDCf9YtLfcWzEwK-46hXIhpBP5uxNqDuWtUQ4RTC5iLAbqDq_zspRS2rf6qRmfdgIyw2ODPZYQ3dJ2liKejMgDuoMSHXH7yfTIFA95GlwYTSbXUuUtR/s1600/Bush+1970.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="859" data-original-width="616" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAgHvPXKKArwaI_MOHJFXTKt4MZSDCf9YtLfcWzEwK-46hXIhpBP5uxNqDuWtUQ4RTC5iLAbqDq_zspRS2rf6qRmfdgIyw2ODPZYQ3dJ2liKejMgDuoMSHXH7yfTIFA95GlwYTSbXUuUtR/s200/Bush+1970.jpg" width="143" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bush campaign 1970</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In the interim between the end of President Nixon's first term and his resignation in 1974, George (Poppy) Bush, was a busy man. Having been defeated for election to the U.S. Senate against Democratic candidate Lloyd Bentsen in 1970, Bush was quickly appointed by President Nixon to be Ambassador to the United Nations, which was then overseeing the ending of the Arab-Israeli War. Bush must, therefore, have been annoyed when Nixon summoned him back to Washington in January 1973 to clean up CREEP's fiasco as Watergate plumbers were about to go on trial.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5frkxgLufn0TYvBoRdYIEjRda2BLW5WnYJJq2TzC1dNyz0UASrFPxAv8B2lhxeHaOWiDDHF0lFoWOR2gnv6LoxT2NdIQF1OGrKdPZXiJyMoVwlkzqhJQzAVoAWMH3NJWIGijob8B4ZIWT/s1600/Watergate+Jan+73_Barker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="1044" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5frkxgLufn0TYvBoRdYIEjRda2BLW5WnYJJq2TzC1dNyz0UASrFPxAv8B2lhxeHaOWiDDHF0lFoWOR2gnv6LoxT2NdIQF1OGrKdPZXiJyMoVwlkzqhJQzAVoAWMH3NJWIGijob8B4ZIWT/s400/Watergate+Jan+73_Barker.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Editorial - January 6, 1973</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Bush was chair of the Republican National Committee as columnists were speculating about how Bernard Barker ended up with money "laundered" through a Mexican bank in his Florida bank account. The column from Smith Hempstone (above right) concluded on a somewhat positive note by opining that the trial would be "quick, tidy, [and] antiseptic," adding that Nixon hoped the trial would be over and rumors squelched before his upcoming January 20 inauguration. But it was not to be.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Bush officially left the U.N. on January 16, but he was already present in Washington earlier. Nevertheless, the scandal continued to increase even after E. Howard Hunt and his Cuban associates pled guilty and the jury in the Gordon Liddy and James McCord trial convicted the last two burglars on January 30. The Senate Judiciary Committee then began its investigation of bugging activities, appointing Senator Sam Ervin to name a Select Committee for that purpose. McCord's sentencing was held up as he considered whether or not to testify in the Senate hearings. As the scandal played out on national television, Bush supposedly encouraged Nixon to tell all so the party could put the grubby "Mickey Mouse" caper to rest. The rest is, as we say, history.<br />
<br />
Musical chair shifts began: Spiro Agnew resigned, and was replaced by Gerald Ford. Nixon resigned, and Ford was sworn in, naming Nelson Rockefeller Vice President. On September 26, 1974, after appointment by the new President Gerald Ford, Bush took the oath as replacement for <a href="http://wikivisually.com/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" target="_blank">David K. E. Bruce</a>, first Liaison Officer to Beijing. Bruce at that time became U.S. Representative to <a href="http://wikivisually.com/wiki/United_States_Permanent_Representative_to_NATO" target="_blank">NATO</a> in Brussels, thus replacing Donald Rumsfeld, who then became President Ford's new chief of staff. Was there a method to that madness?<br />
<br />
David Bruce had been called back from China to Washington in February 1974 to consult with Kissinger about energy matters, discussed above, which were approaching a crisis. As former head of the Economic Cooperation Agency (ECA) in France after WWII, Bruce, former Treasury Secretary Mellon's son-in-law, had helped to design counterpart funds for the Marshall Plan's foreign aid program. The underlying concern in both situations was how to prevent inflation while tinkering with international monetary exchange values (See Harry Bayard Price, <i>The Marshall Plan & Its Meaning</i>, <a href="http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/05/The_marshall_Plan_and_its_Meaning.pdf" target="_blank">pages 99 and 105</a>).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUUEjg7fPXELuNDiT3Mgc3zLoiOvuBAraVzGHJpDldOn5Becficyi0dhKz7iTd6qaCV6udRwtu0OFVgH92gu1P6N3SShsOJ2-c0-81ONEnavNs9abiz9K5aSu7ParfHtSaN7qTA5HDtjjZ/s1600/David+Bruce_wife.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="205" data-original-width="280" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUUEjg7fPXELuNDiT3Mgc3zLoiOvuBAraVzGHJpDldOn5Becficyi0dhKz7iTd6qaCV6udRwtu0OFVgH92gu1P6N3SShsOJ2-c0-81ONEnavNs9abiz9K5aSu7ParfHtSaN7qTA5HDtjjZ/s200/David+Bruce_wife.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
By the time Nixon's resignation was announced in August 1974, Bush, having just celebrated his 50th birthday, was groomed and ready to fill David Bruce's shoes in China. The <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9995425/david_ke_brucenato1974/" target="_blank">more experienced Bruce</a> flew to Brussels to work out the petrodollar exchange ratios with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) western European countries. Bruce, by then 76 years old, returned from Europe in February 1976, only a few weeks following <a href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2016-featured-story-archive/bush-as-director-of-central-intelligence.html" target="_blank">Ford's appointment of George Bush</a> to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Bruce <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/06/archives/david-ke-bruce-diplomat-dies-the-new-york-times-david-kebruce.html?mcubz=1" target="_blank">died</a> the following year.<br />
<br />
The first crisis of the Nixon administration in <a href="https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/gold_convertibility_ends" target="_blank">August 1971</a> had foretold these events. Ten years earlier, in fact, US Treasury’s Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF), with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York acting as its agent, had begun participating in the London Gold Pool to maintain the price of gold at $35 an ounce. In 1968 France withdrew from the pool, just as Lyndon Johnson was about to leave office--bombarded as he was by critics against the war in Vietnam.<br />
<br />
QJ posted excerpts from <i>The Great Heroin Coup</i> under the heading "<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-great-heroin-coup-chapters-eighteen.html" target="_blank">Changing the Middle Man</a>," about the real reason Nixon, inaugurated as President in January 1969, began his so-called "war on drugs". There we said:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Since three Cabinet officials were cooperating in this effort, a
committee of those officials was created September 7, 1971, called the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control (<a href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3139">CCINC</a>).
The timing of this occurred almost simultaneously with President
Nixon's revelation that he was considering a devaluation of the dollar
as well as cutting the connection of the value of gold from the value of
the dollar. (See AP article at <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-great-heroin-coup-chapters-eighteen.html" target="_blank">bottom of this post</a>.) The two
issues--international narcotics trade and protecting the American trade
balance were, in fact, inextricably intertwined, and the <i>Central
Intelligence Agency worked covertly on both issues</i> through the various
agencies administered by the executive branch of the U.S. government.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Safari Club's History </b></i></span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3q9SYd4KY37ok5z7mw5GzgRIE1KafyfrRfNYxh64-XJGMlXVoo5ZfTwEyc-ia9XswKjGEQ7xSjcoR4jnMuAWvvNBjCkZ0XaJHPFUFAZpTJHqq2lAp8IeUFjF0riB70kGz8cARTrtGFIbY/s1600/safari-club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3q9SYd4KY37ok5z7mw5GzgRIE1KafyfrRfNYxh64-XJGMlXVoo5ZfTwEyc-ia9XswKjGEQ7xSjcoR4jnMuAWvvNBjCkZ0XaJHPFUFAZpTJHqq2lAp8IeUFjF0riB70kGz8cARTrtGFIbY/s200/safari-club.jpg" width="156" /></a>The secret deal Parsky had negotiated came into play in what was dubbed the <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a11041975halloween" target="_blank">Halloween Massacre</a>, when William Colby was replaced by George (Poppy) Bush as Director of the CIA. Peter Dale Scott explained in his book, <i>The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire, and the Future of America</i> (2007), that Bush's move to DCIA put him in charge of a newly minted covert agenda in which he coordinated CIA activities among <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Safari_Club" target="_blank">Safari Club</a>'s member countries--France, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco and Iran. <span class="reference-text">Joseph Trento wrote in <i>Prelude to Terror</i> (2005), p. 314 that: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span class="reference-text">"The Safari Club was run by the Saudis. It was a club to serve their purposes through the CIA."</span></span></blockquote>
<span class="reference-text">Trento claimed </span>their first face-to-face meeting had been held in Kenya at the exclusive African hotel by that name.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtKIq3AMe8kiNC-U5_mtZatolr3JMRtZoM0TUgY5H58HizvR5L-uxhWlNeiDODebnmkf1VN3Rj2Y2RKy74q1ot3VH3OuGDxzw3LZLz7QZsBVkWTOjKaWaKljmumIo_gcpLElz4eF2MxqtP/s1600/William-Holden-with-a-lion-2_WEB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="476" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtKIq3AMe8kiNC-U5_mtZatolr3JMRtZoM0TUgY5H58HizvR5L-uxhWlNeiDODebnmkf1VN3Rj2Y2RKy74q1ot3VH3OuGDxzw3LZLz7QZsBVkWTOjKaWaKljmumIo_gcpLElz4eF2MxqtP/s200/William-Holden-with-a-lion-2_WEB.jpg" width="166" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Holden sold to Khashoggi.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Earl Wilson gossiped in his column in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10703766/sept_1977holden_sold_safari_club_to/" target="_blank">September 1977</a> that actor William Holden, who had owned the Safari Club in Kenya with two partners since 1959, sold his share of the Club to "some Arabs" who just happened along. However, on October 12 the Philadelphia Daily News disclosed the sale had been made to <a href="https://usa.thegentlemansjournal.com/article/incredible-story-worlds-richest-arms-dealer-adnan-khashoggi/" target="_blank">Adnan Khashoggi</a>, who was so unknown in those days his name was often misspelled.<br />
<br />
Only days later, however, one of Holden's three partners died in a car bomb explosion. <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Ray_Ryan_(businessman)" target="_blank">Raymond J. Ryan</a> had been fighting to stay out of jail for more than a decade as a result of accusations against him--comping memberships to the Club to Mafia members, shredding evidence, tax evasion, and refusing to answer FBI questions. Ryan had been long <a href="http://www.haciendahotsprings.com/RayRyan.htm" target="_blank">suspected of ties to organized crime</a>. Three months after his murder, the Seventh Circuit <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=YLGRAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA531" target="_blank">decided</a> against him and his wife in his last appeal (568 F.2d 531, 1977). In that case Ryan had refused to answer a question propounded to him about his deposits in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10709563/handelskredit_bankcia1986/" target="_blank">Handelskredit Bank</a> in Zurich (page 536), a bank mentioned nine years later by Jack Anderson as being a <i>bank the CIA used to store secret offshore slush funds</i>.<br />
<br />
Ryan's attorneys for this trial and
previous cases were named partners---Herbert J. Miller, Raymond G.
Larroca, and Nathan Lewin--of the firm Miller, Cassidy, Larroca
& Lewin, Washington, D. C. Orrick,
Herrington, Rowley & Sutcliffe, San Francisco, Cal., handled the
appeal. One case was cited as <span class="citation no-link"><a href="http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/united-states-v-raymond-j-ryan/cx3A8tb" target="_blank"><span class="volume">455</span> <span class="reporter">F.2d</span> </a><span class="page"><a href="http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/united-states-v-raymond-j-ryan/cx3A8tb" target="_blank">728</a> (</span></span>No.
71-1165); United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Dec. 13, 1971.
As Modified on Denial of Rehearing March 7, 1972.<br />
<br />
A previous case was
cited <a href="http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/in-the-matter-of-the-grand-jury-subpoena-duces-tecum-of-raymond-j-ryan/cwaAbhc" target="_blank"><span class="citation no-link"><span class="volume">430</span> <span class="reporter">F.2d</span> <span class="page">658 </span></span></a>- In
the Matter of the Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum of <i>Raymond J. RYAN,
Appellant. No. 23343</i>. United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Decided May 19, 1970. Rehearing Denied July 29, 1970. Further
examination reveals these attorneys to be the same ones chosen by
Richard Nixon in 168 U.S.App.D.C., cited as <span class="citation no-link"><a href="http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/richard-nixon-v-honorable-charles-r-richey-united-states-district-court/cx1z9ka" target="_blank"><span class="volume">513</span> <span class="reporter">F.2d</span> </a><span class="page"><a href="http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/richard-nixon-v-honorable-charles-r-richey-united-states-district-court/cx1z9ka" target="_blank">430</a>.</span></span> No. 75-1063. Argued Feb. 1, 1975. Decided Feb. 14, 1975. In 1960 both Miller and Larroca constituted the <a href="http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/john-f-english-v-john-cunningham-two-cases/cw6A4ic" target="_blank">Board of Monitors</a> assigned to Jimmy Hoffa. <br />
<div class="date">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW235j7lljqkgH800n4uVgjTqD2FHeSITap5iadMWl6RmCaK1MmFICm2LWr9kePmhBbx-alLZP7ptmOl3VKD5uztFWgDubXGxQrS5smPSuaK91crYZB2lXOWa4oUlzBTfEmDbxtqnOn5tI/s1600/Handelskredit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW235j7lljqkgH800n4uVgjTqD2FHeSITap5iadMWl6RmCaK1MmFICm2LWr9kePmhBbx-alLZP7ptmOl3VKD5uztFWgDubXGxQrS5smPSuaK91crYZB2lXOWa4oUlzBTfEmDbxtqnOn5tI/s400/Handelskredit.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
A third founding partner of the Kenyan Safari Club was Swiss-born <a href="http://www.hirschmann-stiftung.ch/en/history.cfm" target="_blank">Carl W. Hirschmann</a>, a banker, who had in April 1969 been indicted for contempt for failing to appear at a grand jury investigating Ryan. Hirschmann is first mentioned in American newspapers in 1966. He was said to be a land developer based in Long Island, NY, who had built a five-store industrial office building ten miles east of Los Angeles--9550 Flair Drive, El Monte CA. The international headquarters of Hirschmann Industrial Corporation, "<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11038475/9550_flair_drivehirschmann1966/" target="_blank">specializing in precision machinery and equipment</a>," was placed on the top floor of the building at that location. Also located in this building was a branch of the United California Bank, which would later become <a href="http://docshare04.docshare.tips/files/25751/257511359.pdf" target="_blank">Security Pacific Corporation</a>.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3P3tUIUYX25-s7jDIlU4cx5QFkYKYIu0aU3WyH2J4ZgwolXEYqaEYmJlM13fRNf2AsRwIq1cambpMFKwrXJNKh5flgy5B2piETCjkhiNBFURvSburZR7O4iFVIP4qOkvVasTnQ3dhk4Jl/s1600/harrods.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3P3tUIUYX25-s7jDIlU4cx5QFkYKYIu0aU3WyH2J4ZgwolXEYqaEYmJlM13fRNf2AsRwIq1cambpMFKwrXJNKh5flgy5B2piETCjkhiNBFURvSburZR7O4iFVIP4qOkvVasTnQ3dhk4Jl/s200/harrods.jpg" width="200" /></a>Years later it would be revealed in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10704894/carl_hischmann_jrwith_power_of_atty/" target="_blank">British press in 1984</a> that Hirschmann's grown son, trained in his father's Swiss bank, had a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/sep/23/sport.comment1">power of attorney</a> from the Sultan of Brunei to act as a go-between with Egyptian mogul, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/08/business/harrod-s-new-owner-mohamed-al-fayed-a-quiet-acquisitor-is-caught-in-a-cross-fire.html?pagewanted=all" target="_blank">Mohamed al-Fayed</a> and his two brothers, who acquired Harrods from the House of Fraser and thus prevented <a href="https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Tiny_Rowland" target="_blank">Tiny Rowland</a> of Lonrho (formerly London and Rhodesian Mining and Land Company) from obtaining the coveted department store, a prize Tiny had hoped would give him a step up to achieving British citizenship. Calling him a "<a href="http://www.upi.com/Archives/2000/08/30/Commentary-Fayed-and-the-continuing-farce/8549967608000/" target="_blank">Phony Pharoah</a>," Rowland accused Fayed of using the Sultan's money to gain Harrods.<br />
<br />
While Egypt was a member of the Safari Club, working with the CIA, Brunei was aligned with the British. What's more, Mrs. Mohamed al-Fayed was Adnan Khashoggi's sister, and everyone knew that Khashoggi amassed his great wealth from acting as arms broker between wealthy Saudis and weapons dealers.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhggw6z64ycMhh_SZoWTBXSQHbhErqEirIZj61jSgr7TnqdoqHfglVBGqyfplwPG-zIKUCvE2udGLB-ze44Gf0uc249u-WoYLfFHTDyIRmC6j6z3kZ1IBol3MGdJzz2-9dU7dFcbJWQ-4zH/s1600/Trump_Adnan+1989+pics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="285" data-original-width="362" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhggw6z64ycMhh_SZoWTBXSQHbhErqEirIZj61jSgr7TnqdoqHfglVBGqyfplwPG-zIKUCvE2udGLB-ze44Gf0uc249u-WoYLfFHTDyIRmC6j6z3kZ1IBol3MGdJzz2-9dU7dFcbJWQ-4zH/s200/Trump_Adnan+1989+pics.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Trump admired Khashoggi.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Donald Trump was also on the scene in those days, finding much to admire and emulate. Trump once said "Khashoggi understood the art of bringing people together and putting together a deal better than almost anyone – all the bullshitting part, of talk and entertainment." Henry Wilkins in the <a href="https://usa.thegentlemansjournal.com/article/incredible-story-worlds-richest-arms-dealer-adnan-khashoggi/" target="_blank"><i>Gentleman's Journal</i></a> (March/April 2016) described Trump thus:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Trump, like so many business tycoons of the era, seemed to have
inherited some of Khashoggi’s panache for making deals and some of his
taste for garish decadence. He also inherited his multi-million dollar
super-yacht, <i>Nabila</i>. Trump bought it from the Sultan of Brunei who seized
it from Khashoggi when he defaulted on a loan secured by the boat.</span>
</blockquote>
William Holden, like his close friend, Ronald Reagan, had an almost charmed life until his own <a href="https://myvintagephotos.com/product/william-holden-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai/">death</a> in 1980. A short biography of him states:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Although never involved in politics himself, he was best man at the
marriage of his friend Ronald Reagan to Nancy Davis in 1952. He
maintained a home in Switzerland and also spent much of his time working
for wildlife conservation as a managing partner in an animal preserve
in Africa. His Mount Kenya Safari Club in Nanyuki, Kenya, (founded 1959)
became a mecca for the international jet set.</span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In 1974, he began a relationship with actress Stefanie Powers which
sparked her interest in animal welfare. After his death, Powers set up
the William Holden Wildlife Foundation at Holden’s Mount Kenya Game
Ranch.</span></blockquote>
Holden did live long enough to see his friend elected to the Presidency, but died before Reagan's inauguration in January 1981.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-57844223634354487332018-03-29T11:29:00.001-05:002018-03-31T09:30:34.405-05:00Luter Branch of Atlee Family<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Mrs. James H. French's "Texas Genealogy"</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Mrs.
James H. French, wife of famed San Antonio mayor, wrote a newspaper
column called "Texas Genealogy". The genealogist's husband, James H.
French, "<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=DusxAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA217" target="_blank">the best mayor San Antonio ever had</a>,"
moved to San Antonio in 1851, first working as a merchant before he was
elected mayor in 1875, and he served in that position <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6706848/mayor_james_h_frenchdeath1893/">through 1885</a>.
Because of political connections within the national Democratic Party,
he was thereafter appointed Postmaster for the city and was also elected
city councilman before his death in 1893. His widow (the former <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ffr12" target="_blank">Sarah L. Webb</a>), began writing a genealogy column about society-minded Texans for the Sunday San Antonio <i>Light</i> newspaper in July 1906.<br />
<br />
In
December of that year Mrs. French explained how those members of the
branch from which Mary Parson Atlee sprang made their way to Texas. She
had already written about the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeSFdGYlJFVlV0akU/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Maverick and Maury families</a>
into which Dr. Luter married almost a year earlier. Mrs. French may
have been surprised that the child of a third-generation Pennsylvanian, <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11080537">Edwin Augustus Atlee</a>, would find her husband in the wilds of Goliad, Texas. But that was where E.A. Atlee's third child, <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=123321293">Anna</a>, lived after her marriage to John Solomon McCampbell, a lawyer and later judge in Corpus Christi.<br />
<br />
Edwin's fourth child, <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=26891311">Sarah Catherine</a>, in 1856 married Giles Exum Luter, district clerk in Goliad County.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibpaqBagLoS97gVgKIv3gdpOFEKPPBtM_3U7WIjHEg5j8bvrXBKmxFOYl4aS8-Tm0HJG0bLkXqx4yr5foK-TE1_d2fNKxJQA2NmQe_-423QSl4BTj_Rm3lSKaq6xZpFBC_5vJMbRKAh0bK/s1600/Luter_Maury_1906.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibpaqBagLoS97gVgKIv3gdpOFEKPPBtM_3U7WIjHEg5j8bvrXBKmxFOYl4aS8-Tm0HJG0bLkXqx4yr5foK-TE1_d2fNKxJQA2NmQe_-423QSl4BTj_Rm3lSKaq6xZpFBC_5vJMbRKAh0bK/s200/Luter_Maury_1906.jpg" width="200" /></a>Catherine Atlee Luter had a son born in 1866, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6710900/eleanore_maurydr_william_e_luter1906/">Dr. William Edwin Luter</a>, who, in the late 1880s, had given his address simply as "Mexico". His brother, Henry Exum Luter, had a <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O2dHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA527&lpg=PA527&dq=Henry+Exum+Luter&source=bl&ots=U6h7ea32VY&sig=EWJO8Z7mcp6CIcKYmVTRvVSBOdE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs1YqQro_aAhVOoVMKHZSbBtQQ6AEIOzAE#v=onepage&q=Henry%20Exum%20Luter&f=false">mail contract between Goliad and Cibolo in 1854</a>, but later lived in Corpus Christi until his death in 1941.<br />
<br />
Before
moving to San Antonio, Dr. W. E. Luter was a pharmacist and assistant
manager of John Sealy Hospital in Galveston. The census of 1900 records him at 119 N. Alamo, in San Antonio, which was still used as his office in 1910. Today this is the old Post Office at E. Houston and N. Alamo. By 1902 he was president of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VqYCAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA204" target="_blank">West Texas Medical Association</a> which met in that city. <br />
<br />
He married Eleanor Stribling Maury in 1906, and became a member of
the staff of the Santa Rosa Infirmary (Incarnate Word). He was also for a time physician and surgeon of
the Mission Home and Training School for Girls in San Antonio. After their wedding, the
Luters lived at 205 E. Pecan, at Navarro Street, next door to St. Mark's
Episcopal Church on the north
side of Travis Park Plaza.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNjEpxgMtzAtRQbbCnS3aBpOilaioUAtC6uWLYfTgrzS0iQ2aBK68serki7KUwZumQyj7G4z9iRshso2FZl8A7OZBYC3d5HfVMHwcWZwO-WOOCyQ6I89V31RvigkTSp_3U_DbHclrvNItE/s1600/St-Anthony-Hotel-Annex-San-Antonio-Texas-TX.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="339" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNjEpxgMtzAtRQbbCnS3aBpOilaioUAtC6uWLYfTgrzS0iQ2aBK68serki7KUwZumQyj7G4z9iRshso2FZl8A7OZBYC3d5HfVMHwcWZwO-WOOCyQ6I89V31RvigkTSp_3U_DbHclrvNItE/s200/St-Anthony-Hotel-Annex-San-Antonio-Texas-TX.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Anthony Hotel, 1910</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The lot on the south side of Travis Park (now 300 E. Travis Street) was
in the process of being chosen as the site of the still standing St.
Anthony Hotel, which was completed in 1909 by Brazilla
Lafayette Naylor and his partner, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d9gEs9sLv1gC&pg=PA213&dq=%22jones+bridge%22+san+antonio&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv4d3595HaAhVGS60KHXj2BzoQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22jones%20bridge%22%20san%20antonio&f=false">A. H. Jones, Jr</a>., the youngest child
of a famous Texas hero, <a href="http://www.sonsofdewittcolony.org/augustusjones.htm">Augustus Harris Jones</a>,
and his third wife. Naylor died in 1910, leaving his estate to his wife
and daughter, Zilla, wife of
Arthur Hunter Morton, who managed Naylor's properties for many years.
Gus Jones was elected San Antonio's mayor in June 1912, only months
before he <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18716416/mayor_jones_diesdr_luter_present1913/">died the following April</a>, attended by Dr. Luter and another physician.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqwDpbw_M1WD40G7bE36kRmX80iJE1fZ5cJ5_2tJPW7rXqbLLNTVKm5iHoSpYsjLxwF2_dq49oqwOt39s_97G4Z43MHnzrAU56q_DCNq6QyTKgrP3rLe8ZeojsBdM3LJw2cV0QyeSb9DpL/s1600/St.+Mary%2527s+Hall.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqwDpbw_M1WD40G7bE36kRmX80iJE1fZ5cJ5_2tJPW7rXqbLLNTVKm5iHoSpYsjLxwF2_dq49oqwOt39s_97G4Z43MHnzrAU56q_DCNq6QyTKgrP3rLe8ZeojsBdM3LJw2cV0QyeSb9DpL/s200/St.+Mary%2527s+Hall.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">117 E. French Place</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Eleanor Maury's parents were Stephen Price and
Eleanor Stribling (daughter of Benjamin Stribling) Maury. Her maternal
grandmother, Mrs. <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=144883999" target="_blank">Elizabeth Alexander Stribling</a>,
widow of Thomas Haile Stribling, had been born in 1836, the year Texas
declared independence from Mexico. The 1900 census shows Mrs. E. A.
Stribling living in a large residence at <a href="http://www.sa-academy.org/RelId/606701/ISvars/default/Our_History.htm" target="_blank">117 E. French Place</a>
between N. Main and San Pedro in San Antonio, where she employed three
live-in servants for herself, her son, Ben Stribling, and his
nine-year-old daughter "Elinor." At some point the Luters began to live
separately and were divorced. Dr. Luter died in 1930.<br />
<br />
In
that same block with Eleanor's grandmother lived John L. Luter, a
Texas-born man whose parents had arrived from Tennessee before 1861. His
wife was Mabel Moody. In 1924 this house was sold to become an
Episcopal <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/kbs47" target="_blank">girls' school</a>
called St. Mary's Hall, which in 1968 became the home of San Antonio
Academy, a boys' school, previously affiliated with the elite <span class="text"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/kbs07" target="_blank">West Texas Military Academy and Texas Military Institute</a>. One alumnus of San Antonio Academy, coincidentally, was <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utaaa/00041/aaa-00041.html" target="_blank">Robert Moss Ayres</a>,
the architect son of Atlee B. Ayres, who also did work on St. Mary's
Hall when it was sold to his alma mater. <b><span style="color: #660000;"><i>Atlee B. Ayres' eldest sister was David Atlee
Phillips' grandmother, Gussie Ayres Young</i></span></b>, both of whom grew up in Houston and San Antonio as children of </span><span class="text">Nathan Tandy and Mary Parson Atlee Ayres, who had moved to Texas from Highland County, Ohio.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpbjyDu04pqGmaupPYPsr8ZX0WykGiZJTtl8swtW63u1X_HrnoKkSlFVAHy7GBgxKhp2sD4xj3iFd1n91jTg6z4DsS26OyR1qeudAllZ7qWl8A-67y7MQ4RjVabcvl9VidthGCDNqt3Flk/s1600/Battle+Flowers+parade.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpbjyDu04pqGmaupPYPsr8ZX0WykGiZJTtl8swtW63u1X_HrnoKkSlFVAHy7GBgxKhp2sD4xj3iFd1n91jTg6z4DsS26OyR1qeudAllZ7qWl8A-67y7MQ4RjVabcvl9VidthGCDNqt3Flk/s200/Battle+Flowers+parade.jpg" width="193" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Battle of Flowers Queen</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Eleanor Maury Luter's paternal aunt, <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fsl04" target="_blank">Ellen Maury</a>, married James Luther Slayden, Congressman from San
Antonio during 1897-1919. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6719847/ellen_maury_slaydenoriginated_battle/">Ellen Slayden originated</a> the Battle of Flowers, <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/lkf02" target="_blank">in 1891</a>
"as an April 21 salute to the heroes of the battles of the Alamo and
San Jacinto." The parade quickly became a week-long fiesta which
culminated with the crowning of a queen, and eventually a king as well.
The Battle of Flowers Association was set up to plan the event as part
of Fiesta San Antonio, and the city's women in society all worked
together to make it a success. It remains as one of San Antonio's
biggest traditions.<br />
<br />
The Maurys intermarried with the family of Texas hero <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fma84" target="_blank">Samuel Maverick</a>,
an 1825 Yale graduate and Virginia-trained attorney, who sought his
fortune by moving to San Antonio in 1835. Ellen Maury Slayden kept
diaries, which revealed how observant Mrs. Slayden had been during her
husband's tenure within the Texas delegation in Washington, D. C. Much
of her knowledge of Texas lore no doubt was passed to her sister, <a href="http://samuelamaverick.blogspot.com/2013/01/frederick-c-chabot.html" target="_blank">Jane L. Maury</a>, who married Samuel Maverick and became the mother of <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fma83" target="_blank">F. Maury Maverick</a>, another Texas Congressman.<br />
<br />
Cong. Maury Maverick's wife, <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/41659722/terrell-louise-webb">Terrell Louise Dobbs</a>, after his death in 1954, married <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwe06" target="_blank">Walter Prescott Webb</a>, editor of the Slayden diaries. University of Texas professor Webb died in a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6720459/w_p_webb_funeral1963/">one-car accident</a> on March 8, 1963, at almost the same time the diaries were published.<br />
<br />
Webb's
historic property, Friday Mountain Ranch, was sold that same month to
Rodney Kidd, long-time Texas University Interscholastic League director,
who turned it into a camp for boys, which would later (1983) be <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6720573/friday_mountain_ranch_camp_suedkidd/" target="_blank">sued</a> when a counselor allegedly sexually abused a young male camper.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-84558125219215319892018-03-28T14:34:00.000-05:002018-03-29T10:39:31.262-05:00The Story of DAVID ATLEE PHILLIPS (Part VI) <div class="tr_bq">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Atlee Family in Texas</b></i></span></span></h3>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTiskPqN0L3It6fj8lS2VILDEQaCBnl5cmO4Byqenj7FnBfZlZ16eO-vBn6I7hcuP_m-CVSDzwhvjHAuZS0YczFxqv42kAsd7r-mMceCMFoO_EkVcH9zMBeIjVZlJ4MyWc5uMkLN4BrZmw/s1600/David+Atlee+Phillips+ascending+chart..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTiskPqN0L3It6fj8lS2VILDEQaCBnl5cmO4Byqenj7FnBfZlZ16eO-vBn6I7hcuP_m-CVSDzwhvjHAuZS0YczFxqv42kAsd7r-mMceCMFoO_EkVcH9zMBeIjVZlJ4MyWc5uMkLN4BrZmw/s640/David+Atlee+Phillips+ascending+chart..jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David Atlee Phillips' descent from Mary Parson Atlee (click to enlarge)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
David Atlee Phillips was born and bred in Texas, but his great-grandmother, Mary Parson Atlee, born in Athens, Tennessee, was a direct descendant of William Augustus Atlee and Esther Sayre, the Pennsylvania-born progenitors of the Atlee clan.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Children of Edwin Augustus and Sarah Gilbert Atlee</span></h3>
<span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Amelia Varian Atlee</span> - </i></span></b></span><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Atlee Marriage to Ayres </b></i></span></i></span></b></span><br />
<br />
Named for Edwin's eldest sister, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA45">Elizabeth Amelia</a>, who had married Episcopal minister Alexander Varian, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA49">Amelia Varian Atlee</a>, was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1829 but lived in Athens, Tennessee, at the time she was married in 1850 to <a href="https://www.geni.com/people/Rev-Alexander-Findley-Cox/6000000037221540356" target="_blank">Rev. Alexander Findley Cox.</a><br />
<br />
Their eldest daughter, born in 1852 in Athens, was
given the name of a popular poet, <a href="https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/find-a-grave-prod/photos/2014/30/124408478_1391194507.jpg" target="_blank">Felicia Hemans Cox</a>. The Coxes' second child, Peery At Lee Cox, was born in
Virginia in 1854, and a third child, born a year later in Tennessee,
died at six weeks of age. Less than a year after the death of the baby,
Rev. Cox was sent to do mission work in Texas, where a fourth child,
Mary Eliza Cox, was born at Goliad, Texas in late summer of 1857--twelve
years after the Republic of Texas had been annexed to the Union as a
state. Felicia Cox grew up to marry in 1868 <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA49">Youngs O. Coleman</a>,
one of the bosses at the Coleman ranches in Rockport, Texas, started by
Margaretta Atlee's husband, Thomas M. Coleman and his father, <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcodd" target="_blank">Youngs Levi Coleman</a>, who died in 1881.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnK6G3zW3GYKsDcHoNC0QBBaXoW4Vte9Zbb62ToH46_6ebLaOth24k2Gyd-KMOgIAObrrHSmendDKyR9DQZMUKuHiJlIhjxZC03tqR0EKqh-OoyoQlLX2j-bvhK3NtULfufamwhuxKeO7p/s1600/oh_oh_wesleyan.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="340" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnK6G3zW3GYKsDcHoNC0QBBaXoW4Vte9Zbb62ToH46_6ebLaOth24k2Gyd-KMOgIAObrrHSmendDKyR9DQZMUKuHiJlIhjxZC03tqR0EKqh-OoyoQlLX2j-bvhK3NtULfufamwhuxKeO7p/s200/oh_oh_wesleyan.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Their younger daughter Mary was married in
1881 to John H. Williamson in Lockhart, Texas, and a son, Alexander
Bascom Cox, would be born in Goliad in 1861. When he was 30, he married
Martha Rischke, a German-born citizen of Texas. A widow since 1910,
Martha and her daughter Amelia Katherine Cox had for many years lived in
San Antonio only a mile or two from Bascom Cox's uncle, the architect
Atlee B. Ayres. Katherine, single, was a schoolteacher supporting her
mother when Atlee's first wife died in 1937. A few years later the
cousins married. Martha <a href="http://interactive.ancestry.com/2272/40394_b062405-00021/22811626?backurl=%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3fgst%3d-6&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnSearchResults" target="_blank">died in 1952</a>
at their home in San Antonio at 201 Belknap. Katherine's brother, A.
Bascom Cox, Jr., became a Brownsville, Texas, attorney. Martha's sister,
<a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Coleman&GSiman=1&GScty=1118&GRid=133358984&" target="_blank">Anna</a>, had married another cousin, Alex. O. Coleman, son of Youngs O. and Felicia Cox Coleman, and but she had died in <a href="http://interactive.ancestry.com/2272/33154_B061768-02262/30317772?backurl=%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3fgst%3d-6&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnSearchResults" target="_blank">1909</a>.<br />
<br />
Amelia
V. Atlee Cox was the first of this
branch of the Atlee family to arrive in Texas as early as 1855. Rev. Cox, a Virginian and a
Methodist, arrived in Athens, Tennessee (home of East Tennessee
Wesleyan College), and there he met Amelia, whose younger brother, Edwin Augustus Atlee, Jr. had recently
attended <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VfgxAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2">Ohio Wesleyan University</a>, not founded until 1844. In Ohio he met an Ohio native, Nathan
Tandy Ayres, the man who would marry
Mary Parson Atlee, Edwin, Jr. and Amelia's youngest sister. In <a href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth29512/m1/10/">Goliad the Coxes would meet</a> John S. McCampbell, an attorney, who would marry another relative.<br />
<br />
John Smith
Gillett, of Karnes
County, who for 36 years was secretary to the West Texas Conference's
board of missions of the Methodist Church, wrote <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Etxbee/Obituaries/Old.Obit.Pacheco/COX,%20Rev.%20Alexander%20F..txt">Rev. Cox's obituary</a>
in the<span style="color: #444444;"> <span style="color: black;">Beev</span>ille, <span style="color: black;"><i>Weekly Picayune</i>, 9 Apr 1897</span>:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"AN AGED PREACHER GONE<br />
Rev. A. F. Cox Passes Peacefully Over the River."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">According to this <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">piece, Cox lived in that region <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">of Texas around 40 years, "</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">having
reached Goliad December 1, 1856, and being a minister and most of the
time actively engaged in preaching... He was born in Washington county,
Va., December 1, 1823, was at the time of his death 73 years, 4 months
and 4 days old. On May 1, 1850, he was married to Miss Amelia V. Atlee,
who, with seven children survive him." It adds that Cox was a preacher
for over <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">52 years, as well as having been for seven year<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">s </span>"</span>editor and publisher of a weekly paper in the town of Goliad, called the<i> Goliad Messenger</i>, which was finally changed to the <i>Goliad Guard</i>
by the father of the present publisher (R. T. Davis). For about
twenty-five years Bro. Cox has been a member of the West Texas
conference<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">."</span></span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;">John Light Atlee</span></span></b></span> </i><br />
<br />
Edwin's second child, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA50">John Light Atlee</a>,
born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1832, grew up in Athens, Tennessee before moving to Philadelphia to study medicine.
Two uncles had studied there before him:<br />
<ul>
<li>John Light Atlee <span class="hitline">(1799-1885), for whom he was named, who studied medicine and </span></li>
<li><span class="hitline">Washington Lemuel Atlee </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">(1808-1878),
who graduated from Jefferson in 1828 and practiced medicine at
Lancaster, Pennsylvania until 1845 when he moved back to Philadelphia to
teach at Jefferson's successor, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/09/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part-v.html">Philadelphia Medical College</a>. </span></span></li>
</ul>
After graduating in 1853 from Jefferson College in
Philadelphia, where his uncles had studied and taught, he returned to
Athens, Tennessee to practice. There he married Sarah
Humphreys. He could easily be confused with an uncle and cousin with the
same name, who were also physicians, but who practiced in Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
In
May 1855, soon after his sister's husband was sent to Texas as a
missionary, Dr. Atlee packed up his belongings and announced he too was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6786717/dr_john_l_atleegoliad1855/" target="_blank">moving to Goliad</a>,
Texas. The Athens newspaper bid him farewell and wished him well in his
move to south Texas. Dr. Atlee, however, clearly did not find the wild
west to his liking, as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6304016/dr_john_l_atleereturned_from_texas/" target="_blank">he had returned </a>by August of the same year. In 1906 he and his wife celebrated their golden <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6787701/news_article_re_dr_john_light_atlee/" target="_blank">wedding anniversary in Chattanooga</a>, Tennessee, where he died six years later.<b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i> </i></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Anna Elizabeth Atlee</i></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5sO45BzW5bw0-LoF16HE4U8wQnCKXYm5UVfKWq7ZjgQWVX5c78vHwUKci87E2Ehh4VK_GtJeCOLcR_zzxCztuxw333aCB-utq7eTQV42iBNPN4cR4Ac-MOgFw7cUXdG8231do3MGFtr1_/s1600/1907+reunion.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5sO45BzW5bw0-LoF16HE4U8wQnCKXYm5UVfKWq7ZjgQWVX5c78vHwUKci87E2Ehh4VK_GtJeCOLcR_zzxCztuxw333aCB-utq7eTQV42iBNPN4cR4Ac-MOgFw7cUXdG8231do3MGFtr1_/s400/1907+reunion.jpg" width="271" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">E.A. Atlee's children have reunion, 1907</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Anna Elizabeth Atlee, born 1834 in Gettysburg, grew up in Athens,
Tennessee, but, in 1857, while visiting her elder sister Amelia Cox in
Goliad, Texas, met a lawyer named <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA50">John Solomon McCampbell</a>. They married in Athens but made their home in Texas. In 1876 McCampbell formed a <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=a4kDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA30" target="_blank">partnership with Anna's younger brother, E. A. Atlee, Jr.</a>,
for three years before Atlee became a politician. McCampbell then
entered into a second partnership with John S. Givens, which lasted
until Givens' death in 1887. Givens' sister, it should be noted, was the
widowed <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fgi57" target="_blank">mother of Archer Parr</a>, who grew up in Givens' home after his father's death. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=7jUtAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA645" target="_blank">Edwin Atlee McCampbell</a>, born in 1856, also practiced with his father in Corpus Christi following Givens' death.<br />
<br />
John McCampbell would also serve as a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6784408/the_galveston_daily_news/" target="_blank">director with Richard King</a>
of the King Ranch on the railroad King and Uriah Lott were starting to
build by 1876, which was sold in 1881 to a syndicate that chartered it
as the Texas Mexican Railway to build <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Mexican_Railway#/media/File:Texmex-map.png">westerly to Laredo</a> on the border with Mexico. By 1890 the McCampbells were engaged with Uriah Lott in building a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6810920/john_s_mccampbell_and_uriah_lott_build/" target="_blank">harbor</a> in Corpus Christi, and by the end of the century they were in a law partnership with <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=75184236" target="_blank">Robert Weldon Stayton</a>, noted legal scholar.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Sarah Catherine Atlee</i></span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
Sarah
Catherine Atlee was born in Gettysburg, PA in 1836. In 1856
she married Giles Exum Luter, whose parents had moved west from North
Carolina to Texas. Luter died in Texas in 1868, and afterward
Sarah took her three daughters (Emma, Sarah Margaretta and Clara Augusta
Luter--all born in Goliad, Texas) back to her mother's home in Athens,
Tennessee. They did, however, return to Texas from time to time,
including in 1907 for a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6811258/mccampbellluteratleeborn_family/" target="_blank">family reunion</a> in Corpus Christi, hosted by the McCampbells.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Margaretta Susan Atlee</i></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
Born 1839, Margaretta, at the age of 20, married Thomas M. Coleman of Rockport, Texas. She died in 1872, leaving <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=15768751" target="_blank">one son, Thomas Atlee Coleman</a>.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Letitia Smith Atlee</i></span></span></b></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfz9vBvZci3qdwpVHb6X1XcPi2KcfoX21IVR6wYxfIfbcBQH5UXoMO0V1WRQTZvu19gMVht8mkdEYbK8U27swS8fOd7ZTyTKfSC1FbVeRmkOUitO-hFLHqB3jq-btWS7OG1_X9XgFprWOx/s1600/Percival+C+Wilson.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfz9vBvZci3qdwpVHb6X1XcPi2KcfoX21IVR6wYxfIfbcBQH5UXoMO0V1WRQTZvu19gMVht8mkdEYbK8U27swS8fOd7ZTyTKfSC1FbVeRmkOUitO-hFLHqB3jq-btWS7OG1_X9XgFprWOx/s200/Percival+C+Wilson.jpg" width="125" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letitia Atlee's husband</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</blockquote>
Born in 1841, Letitia married <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyoftenness1957lero#page/24/mode/2up/search/%22clark+wilson%22" target="_blank">Percival Clark Wilson</a>
in 1856, a year after he graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University. He
joined the university's faculty in 1861, but soon became an
officer in the army as the civil war began. After the war, they moved to
Athens, Tennessee, where he became a merchant, but he soon became
involved in the organizing of the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyoftenness1957lero#page/n45/mode/2up" target="_blank">Athens Female College</a>. Letitia's father, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyoftenness1957lero#page/26/mode/2up" target="_blank">Edwin Atlee</a>,
helped in the founding of the college. However, the first President of
the college bought additional lands with his own personal funds, which he then loaned to the
college, on which he held a lien. It was Atlee who bid at the
foreclosure sale to acquire the lands for the Methodist school in 1866.
The next year the charter was granted, merging the female school into <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyoftenness1957lero#page/26/mode/2up/search/%22female+college%22" target="_blank">East Tennessee Wesleyan</a>. It became coeducational in 1868.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Mary Parson Atlee</i></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<i><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA52" target="_blank">Mary Parson Atlee</a></i> was the sixth daughter, born 1843 in Athens, Tennessee. When her two youngest brothers were sent to <a href="https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofoffic18ohio_4#page/10/mode/2up" target="_blank">Ohio Wesleyan College in 1865</a>
for their education, they met a young man named Nathan Tandy Ayres,
also a
student at Ohio Wesleyan College in Delaware, Ohio, about 30 miles north
of Columbus. According to an article that appeared in 1966 in the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5833105/atlee_bernard/" target="_blank">Hillsboro, Ohio, Press-Gazette</a>,
Nathan's father died when he was one week old, and his mother, having
already lost two husbands to death, married William Plummer Bernard, a
wealthy man of Hillsboro, Ohio, located east of Cincinnati. When the
civil war began, Nathan joined the 89th Ohio Voluntary Infantry, which
served three years during 1862-65. In December 1863 he was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6816624/nt_ayresohio_vol_infantry1863/" target="_blank">in Chattanooga</a>,
sending reports of the regiment's action back to his hometown newspaper
in Ohio. He remained in Athens, Tennessee, to attend the Methodist
college and in 1867 married Mary P. Atlee, whom he eventually brought
back to his home in Ohio.<br />
<br />
In 1869-70, Tandy Ayres was recording secretary for the city of Hillsboro, Ohio, when <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6817417/hiestand_ayres1870/" target="_blank">he and an associate</a> <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6817315/nt_ayresgregg_mcfadden_glassware/" target="_blank">bought a glassware and china store</a>.
He sold his interest in the store to his partner in late 1873 and went
into the dairy business, with 30 cows from whose milk he made his own
cheese. In 1876 he made an exploration tour from St. Louis to south
Texas on the Iron Mountain Railroad, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6817797/nt_ayresiron_mountaintexas1876/" target="_blank">writing a report</a>,
the first of several, for the local newspaper. He remained in Texas
from February until late May that year, as he was said to suffer from
asthma, which was relieved by the drier climate. This routine continued
every winter until September 1879, when he packed the family up and
moved to Houston.<br />
<br />
During her marriage to Tandy, Mary Ayres gave birth to four children, though the first son died as an infant: <br />
<ul>
<li>William E. Ayres in 1872, and died the same year;</li>
<li>Atlee Bernard Ayres in 1873;</li>
<li>Anna Mary Ayres in 1878; and</li>
<li>Clara Augusta "Gussie" Ayres in 1880.</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Edwin Augustus Atlee, Jr.</i></span></span></b></span> <br />
<br />
Edwin
Augustus Atlee, Jr., born 1846, was a student at Ohio Wesleyan College
in 1866, when he met Nathan Tandy Ayres. In 1872 Edwin taught
Latin and literature East Tennessee, before he relocated to Texas and
became <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=a4kDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA30" target="_blank">state senator</a> from <a href="http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legeLeaders/members/memberDisplay.cfm?memberID=3320" target="_blank">1885-1901</a>
for a district including Duval, Webb, Nueces, Cameron, Hidalgo and
other counties bordering Mexico. This is the same district which would
later be controlled by <a href="http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legeleaders/members/memberdisplay.cfm?memberID=1959" target="_blank">Archer "Archie" Parr</a>, who began his career working for the <a href="https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101208/m1/156/" target="_blank">Coleman-Fulton Pasture Co</a>., owned by Thomas Coleman, Edwin Jr.'s brother-in-law. Around <a href="https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101208/m1/158/" target="_blank">1907</a>
Archie, assisted by his uncle, John Givens, law partner of another of
Edwin's brothers-in-law, began a political career Duval County. By 1915
he was noted for <a href="https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101208/m1/167/" target="_blank">election fraud, political corrupution and manipulation of the court system</a>, protecting Democratic politicians. His son George Parr succeeded Archie and became known as the <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpa36" target="_blank">Duke of Duval</a>. The <a href="http://minorsmuse.blogspot.com/search/label/King%20Ranch">Parr political machine</a> was mentioned in a piece I wrote in 2000, relating to its role in stealing an election for Lyndon Johnson.<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i> </i></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><i>Bernhardt Gilbert Atlee</i></span></span></b></span> <br />
<br />
Named
for his maternal grandfather, Bernhardt, the youngest of the siblings,
was born in 1848 and attended preparatory school in
1866 at Ohio Wesleyan, along with his slightly older brother, and later
studied dentistry there.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-20296301293027287122017-09-04T15:47:00.001-05:002019-11-09T12:18:36.314-06:00The Incarnations of Pauline...Vandervoort Steese Dresser Rogers Hoving<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSXxsOwu87AAQ_shLuWzLpYrqQ5oaia9woNsTWc4D3VY5c0wOOh8rrK_rp5SBquCys53fjWCWeCCGfGH0-UqUiHx6LY21JlYvWcjHFL1CxOrC_wDjSxPpIkPoEnhr0lW8B4e_oKnQhNUV/s1600/220px-Frederick_Townsend_Martin_03e.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="157" data-original-width="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSXxsOwu87AAQ_shLuWzLpYrqQ5oaia9woNsTWc4D3VY5c0wOOh8rrK_rp5SBquCys53fjWCWeCCGfGH0-UqUiHx6LY21JlYvWcjHFL1CxOrC_wDjSxPpIkPoEnhr0lW8B4e_oKnQhNUV/s1600/220px-Frederick_Townsend_Martin_03e.jpg" /></a></div>
"It
matters not one iota what political party is in power or what
President holds the reins of office. We are not politicians or public
thinkers; we are the rich; we own America; we got it, God knows how, but
we intend to keep it if we can by throwing all the tremendous weight
of our support, our influence, our money, our political connections,
our purchased Senators, our hungry Congressmen, our public-speaking
demagogues into the scale against any legislature, any political
platform, any presidential campaign that threatens the integrity of our
estate." Frederick Townsend Martin, <i>The Passing of the Idle Rich</i> (1911), <a href="https://archive.org/stream/passingofidleric00martiala#page/148/mode/2up/search/iota" target="_blank">p. 149</a>.<span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: #660000;">[1]</span></span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
~~~~~~~~~~</div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #660000;">How Poppy Bush Became Controlled by Exxon: <i>Follow the Dresser Money</i> </span></h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
by Linda Minor</div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bTWT9VuntOblgxz2H14ZNM0dgwF5-zQNr3bbKIaQirTlVmwPY4Sw7608A8cH-fFLRsfSaBVkHkKOzslhgdRcpRWqXAMJOhMIRVpFqtbC1gWY3LKUcTg2Jv08pEQ8NeAtYo7_3L1OXf4N/s1600/Dresser+ad+1888.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="633" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bTWT9VuntOblgxz2H14ZNM0dgwF5-zQNr3bbKIaQirTlVmwPY4Sw7608A8cH-fFLRsfSaBVkHkKOzslhgdRcpRWqXAMJOhMIRVpFqtbC1gWY3LKUcTg2Jv08pEQ8NeAtYo7_3L1OXf4N/s320/Dresser+ad+1888.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11991255/sr_dresser_ad1888/" target="_blank">Dresser ad</a> began running in 1888</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Solomon Robert Dresser had a creative, inventive
mind, and he was a hard worker, to boot. When he encountered a problem
in his business, he set out create a solution. As a result, he became
the owner of <a href="https://www.google.com/search?sa=N&hl=en&tbm=pts&tbm=pts&q=ininventor:%22Solomon+R+Dresser%22&biw=1920&bih=926" target="_blank">numerous patents</a>
he either designed himself, or paid others to design, for pipe coupling
devices which prevented natural gas from leaking from the joined
sections of pipelines. <br />
<br />
The Dresser company really took
off in 1878, when Solomon located his family in Bradford, Pennsylvania,
in the state's northwest corner. While he worked, his wife (formerly <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bx4VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA353" target="_blank">Vesta Simpson</a>)
had given birth to children, only two of whom lived to adulthood--Ione
(1870) and Robert Alexis (1877) Dresser. Vesta died of tuberculosis in
1883, but Solomon remarried two years later, and the new wife (Caroline
Kirsch) gave him two more sons--Carl Kirsch and S. Richard Dresser.<br />
<br />
In
1906, after Solomon had served two terms in Congress, it was reported
that he had decided to build a large factory in Bradford, Pennsylvania
to mass-produce his most common coupling devices. Having worked too
hard, it was said, he became ill around 1907 and <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11993834/solomon_robert_dresser_obit1911/" target="_blank">died after four years of illness</a>.
Robert Dresser married Olive Brady in 1900 and later worked for the
Boy Scouts of America organization in Bradford, having little interest
in his father's passion. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTSGzklKlEtVLvqWY9NTRX0vjmXSJkEfYguyDutwDO8Mu8oSzvF3GUiq9QKiLI9F4DqXlYwKwuLv2jlR92afuSbtc3CHRVgblvv6YEppx-lBB3m2JTW3wRn0qE74yFLmNj_HlPFDN7k9gB/s1600/mansion.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="300" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTSGzklKlEtVLvqWY9NTRX0vjmXSJkEfYguyDutwDO8Mu8oSzvF3GUiq9QKiLI9F4DqXlYwKwuLv2jlR92afuSbtc3CHRVgblvv6YEppx-lBB3m2JTW3wRn0qE74yFLmNj_HlPFDN7k9gB/s320/mansion.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Solomon
Dresser's mansion in Bradford sat atop a rise--at 149 Jackson
Avenue--and was not far from his Boylston Avenue office, where the <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@41.9571046,-78.648083,3a,75y,180.35h,100.02t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s9_98eW-llOQiyrKt-m-zHA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656" target="_blank">Medical Plaza</a>
in Bradford sits today. The factory was situated across town. Caroline,
Carl and Richard had lived in the gigantic residence, but by 1911, when
Solomon died, Carl Dresser was away at Princeton while Richard was in
Pottstown, Pennsylvania, at the Hill School. Carl graduated from
Princeton in 1912 and was followed there by Richard two years later.<br />
<br />
When Caroline <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12016783/caroline_dresser_obit1916/" target="_blank">died in November 1916</a>,
she was stopping in New York City, with plans of visiting Richard in
Trenton to take in Princeton's football game against Yale. Five months
earlier, Carl had taken his mother and Richard, by then a junior at
Princeton, to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12017959/dresser_family_and_pauline_steese1916/" target="_blank">Atlantic City</a>, New Jersey. He was accompanied by his new lady friend, Pauline Steese, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12096399/steese_divorcemarch_1916/" target="_blank">divorced</a> since March of that year.<br />
<br />
The
mansion would remain a relic of Bradford history for many years
thereafter. Richard would bring his family there to live, and after his
death his widow, who died in 1956, bequeathed it to the Presbyterian
church, which made it into a home for the aged. Ione Dresser's husband,
Fred A. Miller, worked for the Dresser company all his life, even after
the company was sold to W.A. Harriman & Co.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Carl Dresser's Wife, Pauline: Her Many Husbands</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNnPvhGD_VPkmW59knsjHC70iuDbbd6CUyteZ-BkPMdkb8VrwZ-Jhrsh-qf6oq1t3_c1AM8YjbU5BisyHoC1T3DyDHGj_2RAN6gUVBdQ3DC_TtWYz4ru4ZK8fvicg-e61yVrJXw_EUgNFb/s1600/Pauline+Steese+Dresser_1920.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="207" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNnPvhGD_VPkmW59knsjHC70iuDbbd6CUyteZ-BkPMdkb8VrwZ-Jhrsh-qf6oq1t3_c1AM8YjbU5BisyHoC1T3DyDHGj_2RAN6gUVBdQ3DC_TtWYz4ru4ZK8fvicg-e61yVrJXw_EUgNFb/s200/Pauline+Steese+Dresser_1920.jpg" width="176" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pauline Steese Dresser, 1920</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #990000;"><b><i>Vandervoort</i></b></span><br />
Pauline's father was <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofchautau03down#page/342/mode/2up/search/vandervoort" target="_blank">Charles Ransom Vandervoort</a> of Jamestown, New York, who left his family home at Tonawanda, New York, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mLQHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA342&lpg=PA342&dq=buffalo+vandervoort&source=bl&ots=W79GaHSCIy&sig=9Blk-McJHZSra4u6XoXXg2PLsXM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPo-ziq-vUAhWI7YMKHX4NAZsQ6AEIXDAP#v=onepage&q=buffalo%20vandervoort&f=false" target="_blank">in 1882</a> to work in Jamestown, New York, at a large textile mill called <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fiYVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA127" target="_blank">Broadhead Worsted Mills</a>.
In 1907 Pauline's brother, Sherman B. Vandervoort, went into business
for himself manufacturing cement blocks, which he later expanded into
coal delivery, taking his father into the company. Sherman's wife was
the daughter of a Bradford, Pennsylvania, physician and maintained
contacts by joining a Bradford social club through which they knew the
Dresser family. Carl, like Sherman, was an <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12010355/carl_k_dresser1916/" target="_blank">avid sportsman</a>. <br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><b><i>Steese</i></b></span><br />
Pauline's
first marriage in 1908 was to Charles J. Steese, Jr., assistant cashier
at First National Bank of Massillon, Ohio, where his father was the
bank president. Pauline had <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12096399/steese_divorcemarch_1916/" target="_blank">divorced him</a> in the spring of 1916, a few months before she accompanied <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12017959/dresser_family_and_pauline_steese1916/" target="_blank">Caroline and Carl Dresser</a> to Atlantic City the following June.<span style="color: #cc0000;">[2]</span> <br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><b><i>Dresser</i></b></span><br />
Pauline's <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12011691/carl_dresser_weds_divorcee_pauline1916/" target="_blank">marriage</a>
to Carl Dresser was announced in the "summer resort" section of the
Pittsburgh Press on August 13, 1916. Although Carl was secretary of the
S.R. Dresser Manufacturing Co., his main focus was finding new supplies
of oil and gas, through his own company, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yi0QAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147&dq=malta+mcconnellsville+gas+dresser&source=bl&ots=8L-vFV--Et&sig=C6_n4S9DMzqx3n8km3-s3Yf5sLM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiria35hOTUAhWD2YMKHdbDD7kQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=dresser&f=false" target="_blank">Dresser Gas Company</a>,
which had drilled for natural gas in 1896, built a pipeline to
distribute its gas to customers in northeastern Ohio. He first met
Pauline, while she was playing society wife to her banker husband of
Massillon, Ohio.<br />
<br />
By the time Carl and Pauline married
in 1916, however, he was president of the Malta &
McConnellsville Gas Co. in Malta, Ohio, having succeeded to the company
after his father's death in 1911 and his own graduation from Princeton.
Steese's parental rights were terminated, apparently with
his consent, and both of Pauline's sons, Charles and Bradley Steese,
were adopted by Carl. The family moved <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12011864/pauline_dressermarriage_history1933/" target="_blank">into the mansion</a> with Carl's mother until Caroline's death that November.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKqYuGDNk7U172tiKTlXSz4BL9gqjRAAtPrcRDRNQSI_sOCRlFisr9VRJA-rKEwdMnLPewrkN8UXTO7HFhbBsjUOs2EUsR_LclfJRa4xvVnAkhZg27m46K8j6-qNwT1WyarjlIz0108RFL/s1600/Barnsdall.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="134" data-original-width="201" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKqYuGDNk7U172tiKTlXSz4BL9gqjRAAtPrcRDRNQSI_sOCRlFisr9VRJA-rKEwdMnLPewrkN8UXTO7HFhbBsjUOs2EUsR_LclfJRa4xvVnAkhZg27m46K8j6-qNwT1WyarjlIz0108RFL/s200/Barnsdall.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thede Barnsdall</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=BA024">T. N. "Thede" Barnsdall</a>, who had worked in Bradford before following the oil discoveries in Oklahoma, proposed Carl for membership in the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=orU_AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA2-PR53" target="_blank">American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers</a>. His father had started <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=127936325">Thede</a> as an oilman in Bradford, Carl Dresser's hometown, and he eventually acquired <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uGdUAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA7-PA4">over a million acres of oil lands</a>
in the Osage Indian reservation in Oklahoma upon his death in 1917.
Those acres were found to actually end up in control of Standard Oil of
New Jersey, which had given <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uGdUAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA7-PA8">Barnsdall a loan</a> of several million dollars, according to an <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uGdUAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA5-PA46">investigation</a> made by the U. S. Senate in 1917. Newspapers had been reporting that fact <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13556843/barnsdallstandard_oil1908/">since 1908</a>.<br />
<br />
By
1918 Carl Dresser was talking of moving to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he
hoped to expand his oil and gas business. He acquired a residence in
Tulsa, where Pauline is said to have set up a "salon" to entertain other
wives of wealthy oilmen in that location.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjczM9JJVrWA4mt1JN5yW8crbXiis0hwVgD8MDFF8SyFdlyTu3KtwtZ3R2IpBVKzVYqReL30ACMygKlPA0vxH3volvWe_yod3sbTWFjNinnCmOYt1MgQEIVbMTBBPWRd2iWoWzjrFSdG2km/s1600/Stafford_Wrightsman+wed_1922a.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="953" data-original-width="451" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjczM9JJVrWA4mt1JN5yW8crbXiis0hwVgD8MDFF8SyFdlyTu3KtwtZ3R2IpBVKzVYqReL30ACMygKlPA0vxH3volvWe_yod3sbTWFjNinnCmOYt1MgQEIVbMTBBPWRd2iWoWzjrFSdG2km/s400/Stafford_Wrightsman+wed_1922a.jpg" width="188" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mr. & Mrs. C.B. Wrightsman</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
At the Tulsa County Club in June 1922 Carl and Pauline Dresser hosted a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12098892/dressercharles_b_wrightsman1922/" target="_blank">tea dance</a>
in honor of the wedding of Charles B. Wrightsman to his bride, Irene
Dill Stafford of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Irene was born into a
Catholic working class family, the daughter of Thomas A. Stafford who in
1925 managed a clothing store and lived in a rented residence. Irene's
mother died before 1940, her father had remarried, and at age 70 was
still selling retail clothing and still living in rented accommodations
at 96 S. Main Street.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG39ubGdAlN2fFGANMqa0qLNJDbIlSL6MUpNRGgAEODoaU6xh-YcFX7ksB_7yZKH_Qf4I08xqQx03IOAAG7hpG8Ov_StkQ5m7Wa8Mb_4VM7KKqkEBidxk16lQqTuTYNMCKze_AGBFPiWYU/s1600/Roman-Pools-1926-282x300.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="282" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG39ubGdAlN2fFGANMqa0qLNJDbIlSL6MUpNRGgAEODoaU6xh-YcFX7ksB_7yZKH_Qf4I08xqQx03IOAAG7hpG8Ov_StkQ5m7Wa8Mb_4VM7KKqkEBidxk16lQqTuTYNMCKze_AGBFPiWYU/s200/Roman-Pools-1926-282x300.jpg" width="188" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Casino St. John's baths </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
It was sometimes claimed that Irene Wrightsman had
been a debutante who had wintered in Miami Beach, Florida, but the truth
was much different. She had first gone to Florida because her sister
Kathryn, who married Thomas McHale in 1918, was there with her husband.
Thomas enlisted in the Navy aviation division when the United States
entered WWI. Kathryn, a dance teacher in Pennsylvania, worked as a "<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13290705/katherine_staffordcasino_st_john1922/" target="_blank">dancing hostess</a>" at the <a href="http://learningfrommiami.org/?p=2166">Casino St. John in Miami Beach</a> while her husband was stationed at the Miami Naval Air Station.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">“<b>Collins' Pool Older than Beach</b>" - 166th in a series on early Miami by HOWARD KLEINBERG</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">More
than a year before the City of Miami Beach was incorporated in 1915,
pioneer developer John Collins and his son-in-law, Thomas J. Pancoast,
created a tourist attraction at what is now <i>Collins Avenue between 22nd and 23rd street</i>s.
It was given no particular name, people just called it the pavilion,
but it became better known through the years as the Miami Beach Casino
and Roman Pools. In its lifetime, the casino and pools had a
considerable number of owners and names. Among them were the Collins
Casino, Miami Beach Casino, <i>Casino St. John's</i>, Roman Pools,
Everglades Cabana Club and its last name, the Riviera Cabana Club.
Collins opened his swimming pool on Jan. 11, 1914, at a time when Miami
Beach had not yet settled upon the name “Miami Beach.”</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4YfbVEI-f5TV2u4QNVjdHE8XKojUvMXy9wQhCZnfoWbAk5FEMs8oc3X4AZDQNEQqyYyEBYRDhplzpkICk84AYl_UnOdcqgghL4Q413mW0jdgaXqNOwh976nowyYvWBXcYrzOvw3ufeeYj/s1600/Palm+Beach.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="303" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4YfbVEI-f5TV2u4QNVjdHE8XKojUvMXy9wQhCZnfoWbAk5FEMs8oc3X4AZDQNEQqyYyEBYRDhplzpkICk84AYl_UnOdcqgghL4Q413mW0jdgaXqNOwh976nowyYvWBXcYrzOvw3ufeeYj/s320/Palm+Beach.jpg" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/16/travel/palm-beach-an-immutable-social-bastion.html?pagewanted=all&mcubz=1">Social life based on wealth</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #666666;">
J.N. Lummus, who owned the property on the southern portion of the
beach, called the land Ocean Beach. Carl Fisher called his properties
Alton Beach, and Collins used Miami Beach as a name. <i>Fisher bought the facility from Collins in 1917</i>
and, according to “Billion Dollar Sandbar," Polly Redford's 1970
biography of Miami Beach, added "$350,000 worth of improvements to the
bathing pavilion that the Collins family had built of driftwood three
years earlier. With a second pool and a Dutch windmill to pump in
seawater, a restaurant, ballroom, and shopping arcade topped with
rococo towers, the old Collins pavilion was transformed into the "Roman
pools."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">
From that point on, the place took on a more social air. It was
fashionable to be seen at the Roman Pools and Casino. Leading swimmers
appeared there regularly, and visitors dined in an elaborate setting or
danced the night away in the main ballroom. By 1925, the casino and
pools had moved into the hands of N.B.T. Roney, who was about to build a
magnificent hotel on the northern side of the pools-- calling it the <a href="http://learningfrommiami.org/?p=1649">Roney Plaza</a>.</span></blockquote>
At
about the same time Irene Stafford met Wrightsman, possibly at the
large swimming pool on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, developers began
turning the pool into the town of Palm Beach, and wealthy New Yorkers
who had introduced polo to C.B. began building polo fields about 20
miles to the north of the new resort, which were to become the town of <a href="http://www.gulf-stream.org/about/">Gulf Stream</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Starting
in 1922, Bessemer Properties, a real estate venture controlled by the
family of Henry Phipps, Jr. (co-founder with Andrew Carnegie of the
company that became U.S. Steel) began to accumulate parcels of land on
both sides of the intracoastal canal for future development. Friends
and business associates of the Phipps family in Palm Beach saw the
roughly 500 virgin acres of property as an ideal location for a golf
course and polo fields, surrounded by seasonal residences.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Charles J. Wrightsman of Oklahoma</b></i></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkHfJz5Zz_FMvjomOmrmZUzpwaUygpXUneT0sN6MmKybIcax2Vi4FHHBzEbGV4h50DQvlptLoUFwapmXN-4iUnZPxlJFOs0j2PI7txhzlDve4-JnWNzVZJq3XIzQw-_gnHnOFUI5NhC3DW/s1600/Wrightsman_1304+S.+Boulder.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="640" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkHfJz5Zz_FMvjomOmrmZUzpwaUygpXUneT0sN6MmKybIcax2Vi4FHHBzEbGV4h50DQvlptLoUFwapmXN-4iUnZPxlJFOs0j2PI7txhzlDve4-JnWNzVZJq3XIzQw-_gnHnOFUI5NhC3DW/s1600/Wrightsman_1304+S.+Boulder.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
Charles
B.'s father, C. J. Wrightsman, had been born in Ohio but got into the
oil business in Pawnee, Oklahoma, before his son was born there in 1895.
C.J. was a lawyer, leasing lands of members of the Osage Indian
Reservation tribe. At first his family lived in the tiny community south
of a bend of the Arkansas River, on the west side of the Indian lands,
but by 1910 had moved to Tulsa.<br />
<br />
Somewhat more prosperous
now, C.J. added two live-in yardmen to a household that also included a
Swedish house maid. Tulsa was fifty miles away, now on the southeast
side of the Osage Reservation, north of another bend of the Arkansas
River. Today the United Way building sits where their <a href="http://tulsahistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/88ED7DF2-46C7-4980-8A7D-592614865752">home on Boulder</a>
once stood. There were no tall buildings in 1910, such as the Boulder
Towers which Skelly oil built in 1959 across from where their house sat.
<br />
<br />
In 1915 C.J. set up Wrightsman Oil company, a
Delaware corporation, which he located at the top floor of the then-new
Kennedy Building, <span class="_Xbe">321 S. Boston Ave</span>nue in Tulsa. Wrightsman sold most of his oil leases to <a href="http://thislandpress.com/2012/03/28/the-trouble-with-harry/">Harry F. Sinclair</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Early
in his career, Sinclair attracted the attention of wealthy speculators
like Chicago meatpacker J.M. Cudahy, Pittsburgh capitalist Theodore
Barnsdall, and James F. O’Neill, president of Prairie Oil Company, a
subsidiary of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil of Kansas. Unlike his
backers, Sinclair came from humble beginnings.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Exeter Academy and the Dekes</b></i></span><br />
<br />
C.J.'s only son, Charles B. Wrightsman, was away at school during this time--first at <a href="https://archive.org/details/pean00phil" target="_blank">Phillips Exeter</a>
prep (class of 1914) then pre-law at Stanford University in
California, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon (ΔKE) during <a href="http://sul-derivatives.stanford.edu/derivative?CSNID=00001976&mediaType=application/pdf" target="_blank">1915</a>.
From there he went on to Columbia University in New York, where he
became interested in becoming a pilot in 1917, as America began revving
up to enter WWI.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit5BwiqRtmFGla8iOWzdXIjyQ0wJF479nlUUIjhV8r3Qdn2frxL6GFmcgdvrA9_Lj82gL_in3zn8v9Rx268O4qE8U6pZp7zkklmR1ehEXykjsnCI1q-N0Vov2SS-xUSqRLKNX3_8-iKGeW/s1600/CB+Wrightsman_Europe+1921.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="748" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit5BwiqRtmFGla8iOWzdXIjyQ0wJF479nlUUIjhV8r3Qdn2frxL6GFmcgdvrA9_Lj82gL_in3zn8v9Rx268O4qE8U6pZp7zkklmR1ehEXykjsnCI1q-N0Vov2SS-xUSqRLKNX3_8-iKGeW/s400/CB+Wrightsman_Europe+1921.jpg" width="356" /></a>As a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA307" target="_blank">resident member of the Aero Club of America</a>, at Madison Avenue at 41st Street in Manhattan, C.B. served on the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA390" target="_blank">Central Committee</a> which funded the Liberty Loan. He was also an <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA402" target="_blank">ensign</a>
in the Naval Militia of New York, and thus came into contact with men
from the East Coast and Ivy League schools involved in the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA195" target="_blank">Aerial Coast Patrol</a>. F. Trubee Davison, Henry P. Davison and Robert A. Lovett were three of the twelve who constituted the "<a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/3*.html">First Yale Unit</a>." After training all summer at <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/4*.html">Peacock Point</a> and <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/5*.html">Port Washington</a> on Long Island, they returned to New Haven in the fall and organized the <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/7*.html">Yale Aero Club</a>.<br />
<br />
The first new training base to open was at <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/17*.html">Bay Shore</a>, Long Island, which was headed by Albert Cushing Read, with help from his chief aide, C.B. Wrightsman.<br />
<br />
As cold weather approached, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HUX9hjHe6pkC&pg=RA1-PT8&lpg=RA1-PT8&dq=%22william+d.+gash%22&source=bl&ots=bwwLOHVSHU&sig=sQxr0UhnnxqRHQNoqqzw0sVGGrM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpnfGvmYfWAhWKzIMKHWacAN0Q6AEIRDAI#v=snippet&q=wanamaker&f=false">Lewis Rodman Wanamaker</a>, son of John Wanamaker and brother of the late Thomas B. Wanamaker, allowed them to use the property at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA302" target="_blank">West Palm Beach</a>,
where he was building a new flying boat, and airplanes were also
supplied by Henry Woodhouse through the Aero Club of America. As
more airplanes were donated, the size of the group increased.
William A. "Bill"<br />
Rockefeller and Samuel Sloan Walker were among the <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/7*.html">18 new recruits</a> in early 1917, and the pilots of Unit #1 were <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/PAIFYU/7*.html">sworn</a> into the Naval Reserve Flying Corps on March 24, 1917.<br />
<br />
The unit which trained C. B. Wrightsman, Columbia's <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA303" target="_blank">Aerial Coast Patrol #4</a>, was engaged in a balloon training camp with St. Louis millionaire <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZZJMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA770" target="_blank">Albert Bond Lambert</a>--the St. Louis Lambert family profiled in <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part IV</a>
of our series here on George Bush 41's grandfather Bert Walker. There
were other ACP units as well, including one in Dayton, Ohio, of which
Harold E. Talbott, Jr., whose father was president of the Dayton-Wright
company, was part.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi26rO_EAWz8L8ePwvbzWnwDCpOSLOhWGws_4xDubIzPabt9vN0rH65V_C7h1Dbx9y0i8Mmg0gNE34jiurFmIOAcs1Gq1j2ioQ1i863AXnqK2Z479cjgDg0ul2hAznK78ZGERHNewkJJvsa/s1600/Trubee.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="364" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi26rO_EAWz8L8ePwvbzWnwDCpOSLOhWGws_4xDubIzPabt9vN0rH65V_C7h1Dbx9y0i8Mmg0gNE34jiurFmIOAcs1Gq1j2ioQ1i863AXnqK2Z479cjgDg0ul2hAznK78ZGERHNewkJJvsa/s200/Trubee.jpg" width="190" /></a></div>
After his Naval Aviation service during the war, C.B. went abroad <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13266316/c_b_wrightsmanaerial_awardexplored/">to Roumania and Russia</a>,
to "make investigations of petroleum markets and
production" for his father's company. We must assume he also reported
back to the appropriate government officials at the time. President
Woodrow Wilson had been re-elected in 1916, and his head of the War
Council of the Red Cross, banker Henry P. Davison, was father of two of
the young men who instigated the group of college men with which C.B.
trained. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/16/archives/f-trubee-davison-dies-at-78-led-natural-history-museum-aviation.html">F. Trubee Davison</a>
in 1951 would be named director of personnel for the newly established
Central Intelligence Agency, leaving us to wonder if he had not been
involved in the agency from its first days.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuuLSXO2tKNiomU-6A8MX0rxYbj-0TjBKTQ34PCKA7xbWajDxRFbH2o1vUq_hv8IDJMbw7ZSmbMASChmHWKPAo4nkYxb0rsjTbwHTio50gMDYgnmO9fNl-_eG5QH0PutfKN23gjcA3WGIS/s1600/CB+Wrightsman+on+polo+pony.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="415" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuuLSXO2tKNiomU-6A8MX0rxYbj-0TjBKTQ34PCKA7xbWajDxRFbH2o1vUq_hv8IDJMbw7ZSmbMASChmHWKPAo4nkYxb0rsjTbwHTio50gMDYgnmO9fNl-_eG5QH0PutfKN23gjcA3WGIS/s200/CB+Wrightsman+on+polo+pony.jpg" width="156" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">C.B. Wrightsman, poloist</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Intriguingly, Wrightsman claimed that he first saw polo played in 1921 at the Westchester Cup. That event took place at <a href="https://nslmblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/14/an-international-polo-match-1921/" target="_blank">Meadow Brook</a>,
the polo fields closest to Bert Walker's Long Island residence, and all
the players lived nearby. More than a decade after watching his first
polo match, Wrightsman was still an avid polo enthusiast, frequenting
clubs such as <a href="http://www.pbchistoryonline.org/page/private-clubs" target="_blank">Gulf Stream</a> in Florida, developed by, among others, the Phipps brothers and <a href="http://www.gulf-stream.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Mayor-Koch-Shovel-Ready.png" target="_blank">Stewart Ighlehart</a>, close neighbors of George Herbert (Bert) Walker in Old Westbury, Long Island.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5FWNsPaibrffbnluJPMM3rDMl3EYNi1EvbTluG9cTmX9i7N0iHMIoLKQMSE3ArrF9zrWXaOBOu_3ll39OSj-tycWsZBFecWx8Ek7uwdfC8v5HOI6MV5erhTHVVRW2rQpYRPy-NPrneExn/s1600/Gulf-Stream-Polo-Field-1920s.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="500" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5FWNsPaibrffbnluJPMM3rDMl3EYNi1EvbTluG9cTmX9i7N0iHMIoLKQMSE3ArrF9zrWXaOBOu_3ll39OSj-tycWsZBFecWx8Ek7uwdfC8v5HOI6MV5erhTHVVRW2rQpYRPy-NPrneExn/s200/Gulf-Stream-Polo-Field-1920s.png" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.gulf-stream.org/about/">Gulf Stream polo fields</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13267602/charles_b_wrightsmanold_westbury1935/" target="_blank">Wrightsmans in 1935</a> gave their address as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13267743/wrightsmanwheatley_hills1935/" target="_blank">Wheatley Hills</a>
in Old Westbury, the same address used, not only by the Walker family,
but also by Cornelius Vanderbilt "Sonny" Whitney, frequent polo teammate
of Tommy Hitchcock, Jr. In 1939 Wrightsman would still be playing with
his team known as the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13268185/texas_rangers_polowrigtsman1939/" target="_blank">Texas Rangers</a>,
against Hitchcock's team. Sonny Whitney was not only an heir to his
mother's Vanderbilt fortune, he was also a pilot who ran an airline
company, and he was heir to a fortune from his father, Harry Payne
Whitney, from whom Bert Walker and Averell Harriman acquired the first
horses with which they set up a partnership known as <a href="https://chroncroncap.blogspot.com/2017/06/log-cabin-stud-horse-stables-of-george.html">Log Cabin Stu</a>d based in Wheatley Hills, Old Westbury.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihYgTQsyttsJ9s5J2okMpw3u-gJ5j5gcA5xYo7SZZS35sWZXrxgUYxahVUOdDwTgQJMFkaexrsuLISA1aRXVINL_LoUrT71WBrzjCguqs289tU5kxb32ewNb23Xdk7z53rnJO-6C4k1gnH/s1600/Phipps+polo+Florida.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="727" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihYgTQsyttsJ9s5J2okMpw3u-gJ5j5gcA5xYo7SZZS35sWZXrxgUYxahVUOdDwTgQJMFkaexrsuLISA1aRXVINL_LoUrT71WBrzjCguqs289tU5kxb32ewNb23Xdk7z53rnJO-6C4k1gnH/s320/Phipps+polo+Florida.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.augustusmayhew.com/single-post/2016/07/25/The-Phipps-Legacy-Polo-Gulf-Stream">Palm Beach polo</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Phipps land in Florida was purchased by <a href="https://www.augustusmayhew.com/single-post/2016/07/25/The-Phipps-Legacy-Polo-Gulf-Stream">Henry Phipps in 1912</a>,
when he paid $90,000 for one-thousand feet of vacant oceanfront land
located on Palm Beach’s North End, but the family eventually amassed 25
miles of ocean-front property, and they "financed the Miami
International Airport, the Venetian Causeway and the University of
Miami, as well as developed the Miami Shores and Bay Point subdivisions.
Their portfolio included the two miles of oceanfront that became the
Town of Gulf Stream." In 1923 they built the Gulf Stream Golf Club.
Before that, however, they had constructed the polo grounds next to the
Everglades Club.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5dT49FWiPE4xKgY47I8cE1c9Ey1YF9Hh3bCJE3lvkiHPFQ_9z7qBz0IFWaxZxsbvAO5omCUqVRMJ8reM5e8WhLgi72plpevB6Um68lUg_Jbq3xhRro9DWWpxsTvy_TWkriB7G-eqe2WQF/s1600/Long+Island+polo+fields.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="827" data-original-width="571" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5dT49FWiPE4xKgY47I8cE1c9Ey1YF9Hh3bCJE3lvkiHPFQ_9z7qBz0IFWaxZxsbvAO5omCUqVRMJ8reM5e8WhLgi72plpevB6Um68lUg_Jbq3xhRro9DWWpxsTvy_TWkriB7G-eqe2WQF/s400/Long+Island+polo+fields.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.augustusmayhew.com/single-post/2016/07/25/The-Phipps-Legacy-Polo-Gulf-Stream">Polo near Meadow Brook</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Within this circle of millionaire sportsman, George Herbert Walker had
insinuated himself. We do not know the exact location of the residence
he acquired in the early 1920 at Wheatley Hills, Old Westbury, but we do
know it was surrounded by polo fields and golf courses, not to mention
fellow horse breeders.<br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The sale to W.A. Harriman & Co.</span></b></i><br />
<br />
Carl
Dresser's marriage to Pauline became a casualty of divorce in 1927, the
year after he sold his father's company to W. A. Harriman &
Co., whose president was G. H. "Bert" Walker. Pauline appealed the
Oklahoma decree regarding alimony, <a href="http://law.justia.com/cases/oklahoma/supreme-court/1933/34120.html" target="_blank">alleging fraud</a>
by Carl in his monetary evaluation of his Dresser Manufacturing Co.
stock. The court's opinion ruled against her, stating the facts as
follows:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">They
were married in 1916, he being 25 years old, the son of wealthy
parents, and worth over $1,000,000, among his assets being some <i>Dresser Manufacturing Company stock</i>
upon which this litigation principally turns. That was a close
corporation, and the stock was held in the family. She was 26 years of
age, but in both marital and financial experience was much older than
he, having been married and divorced, then facing the world with one
child six years, and one three years, of age, with a total financial
worth, according to her own testimony, of about $15,000, principally
the proceeds, over attorney's fees, of $23,000 alimony. He owned a gas
company and a torpedo company, but later sold them. About two years
after marriage they moved to Tulsa, Okla., and he was reported in 1919
and 1920 as worth $2,000,000, largely speculative, paper value of oil
leases, although he did have considerable production. In 1919 and 1920
and subsequently he spent about $750,000 in drilling many dry wildcat
wells, but much of that was paid from production, of which he once had
considerable, and much was met from the proceeds of the sale of leases
around the drilling sites. That did not put him on the verge of
bankruptcy and in the terribly embarrassing condition existing at the
time of the divorce. That condition was due to expenditures for living
expenses, which ran about $100,000 a year, and which she refused to
appreciably reduce. His stock in the Dresser Manufacturing Company in
1925 and 1926 paid about $60,000 in dividends each year, and in 1927
about $70,000.</span></blockquote>
The opinion seemed to conclude
that the divorce had stemmed from Pauline's desire for a living standard
exceeding their means, which caused Carl's inability to pay debts. Part
of the difficulty, the court concluded, was that the manufacturing
company was not a public corporation and had no market for its shares.
It was for that reason, we have been told by Darwin Payne, in his book <i>Initiatives in Energy</i>, that Carl sought out the W.A. Harriman & Co. investment bank. Additional facts are given in the same opinion:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">The
Harriman deal came about because Mr. Atkins [bookkeeper for S. R.
Dresser Manufacturing Co., called as a witness by Pauline] knew Mr. [<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12142501/alexander_o_cushnyharriman_co1959/" target="_blank">Alexander O.] Cushny</a>
of that concern and sold him the idea of getting control. Carl Dresser
was in debt and had to have money, and at first W. A. Harriman
& Co. loaned him $225,000, out of which Mr. Atkins got a
commission of $15,000. Later he borrowed $15,000. And in closing up the
deal they paid $17,000 on his debts, paid $30,000 to his [Carl's]
second wife [Gloria Jack], whom he married December 13, 1927, about
eight months after the divorce, and issued the balance, $555,000 of
paper price to her in class A stock, 12,000 shares at $46.25 each.
Also, in the original agreement they agreed to loan him up to $400 a
share on up to 500 more shares, evidently to permit him to try to get
the stock from his brother [Richard], in which he was unsuccessful.
Also, they took an option on the 1,000 shares at $650 a share, but
nothing indicates that they would have exercised it if the deal had not
gone through. Nobody got $850, that price to Carl Dresser being
largely a paper price, and the others got only a paper price of $700
share, plus about $38 tax, which would be a paper price of $738,000 for
1,000 shares, which was the number owned by Carl Dresser, if the owner
paid the tax from his own money. If we were to adopt either price as a
basis to work from, the price to the others would be the better basis,
for they did not have to sell, and none of that was for aiding in
putting over the deal. The other stockholders took new stock for about
all of the price, and it seems that had they not done so, the deal
would not have been made, for <i>W. A. Harriman & Co. put as little money in as it had to, and busied itself in getting it out with despatch</i>.</span></blockquote>
The
above details of this opinion were not made public until April 1933,
two years after Carl's death from "liver trouble," and five years after
his remarriage in 1927 to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12099004/carl_dresserwed_to_gloria_jack_of/" target="_blank">Gloria Jack</a>
of Kane, Pennsylvania. We know, however, from Darwin Payne's book that
what followed next was putting Neil Mallon in place as Dresser's
president. In 1931, instead of selling or dividing the Dresser company,
the stock was shifted to the new Brown Brothers Harriman company, of
which Prescott Bush became a partner. Bert Walker remained at the old
offices (39 Broadway) while Prescott moved to the new digs--Brown
Brothers offices at 59 Wall Street.<br />
<br />
Four months after losing her appeal against division of the Dresser assets, Pauline made headlines once again: "<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12011864/pauline_dressermarriage_history1933/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #666666;">Pauline Dresser To Wed Col. Rogers"</span></span></a></span>. The friendships she had made in Tulsa in 1922 paying dividends by 1933.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><b><i>Rogers</i></b></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQQQYvP9J9yXtmjAhLurizV_XjKT88Pdmo1-zNAuzTxZuQz8V9pCcrT17qAOZnA6Pok98L9cztENlgZh3xbfEh4fK5-l-TFQ5E-ein6UGC4_ISrg1EDgztaPf_6iXvGA9Uyplsx4jhTMgg/s1600/Missing+Men.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="707" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQQQYvP9J9yXtmjAhLurizV_XjKT88Pdmo1-zNAuzTxZuQz8V9pCcrT17qAOZnA6Pok98L9cztENlgZh3xbfEh4fK5-l-TFQ5E-ein6UGC4_ISrg1EDgztaPf_6iXvGA9Uyplsx4jhTMgg/s200/Missing+Men.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://profusegrandiosity.blogspot.com/2012/11/wrecks-are-grand.html" target="_blank">Port of Missing Men</a>, Southampton</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Pauline was honored by an engagement dinner given by her stepdaughter-to-be, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millicent_Rogers" target="_blank">Millicent</a>,
daughter of Col. Henry Huddleston Rogers. Millicent was then married to
an Argentine millionaire named Arturo Peralta Ramos. It is not rightly
known exactly how Pauline snared her wealthy third husband. Their
wedding took place at Col. Rogers' "summer home" on Long Island.
Fortunately for her, Pauline did manage to stay married to her
multi-millionaire husband, becoming a widow after only a two-year
marriage.<br />
<br />
The mansion Pauline inherited in Southampton,
Long Island, New York, had also been the scene of Millicent's 1927
wedding to the Argentinian polo player. Intriguingly, Millicent divorced
him in December 1935 after a six-week stay in Reno, obtaining her
divorce on the same day that "Sidney" Wrightsman obtained a divorce from
Irene Wrightsman--the same person Pauline had honored with a tea on the
eve of her wedding in Tulsa in 1922. Possibly one of those amazing
coincidences? <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs8ARi2fguHEuEaKuvk9zFwJnTjBVhDNPbMszUTiCmeZjZeQ_6d4qU3KQj4dEsjFPGx8cSMhFSAu2dCx2qHdtWxo_0X2o17HMDoF01EqKBYF-7lOuxkmu5NkX3OzHMLly_nhl3uGlPx9CC/s1600/Wrightsman+divorce_1935.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="485" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs8ARi2fguHEuEaKuvk9zFwJnTjBVhDNPbMszUTiCmeZjZeQ_6d4qU3KQj4dEsjFPGx8cSMhFSAu2dCx2qHdtWxo_0X2o17HMDoF01EqKBYF-7lOuxkmu5NkX3OzHMLly_nhl3uGlPx9CC/s200/Wrightsman+divorce_1935.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
No mention of the <i>Charles B.</i> Wrightsman divorce has been found, although we know he did marry Jayne Larkin in 1944. His <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/28/obituaries/charles-bierer-wrightsman-philanthropist-is-dead-at-90.html?mcubz=1" target="_blank">obituary</a>
failed to mention his first marriage, which had occurred at the time
the Dressers had known them in Tulsa in 1922 and produced two daughters,
Irene Margaret and Charlene. The daughters were living with their
divorced mother in a modest apartment building in Santa Monica in 1940, a
mile from the Pacific Coast highway. Five years earlier they had all
lived at the Warwick Hotel in Houston, and C.B. had his office for
Standard Oil of Kansas at #1540 <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13295026/c_b_wrightsman_wins_against_fathers/" target="_blank">Mellie Esperson Building</a>.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><b><i><span class="addmd">Hoving</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="addmd">In May 1937, <a href="https://www.geni.com/people/Walter-Hoving/6000000008101434147" target="_blank">Walter Hoving</a>, after leaving Chicago and obtaining new employment as president of Lord & Taylor in New York, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12146701/hoving_weds_pauline_desser_rogersmay/" target="_blank">married Pauline</a> at her New York City apartment on 57th Street, and they immediately <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12146898/pauline_dresser_rogerssuit_to_break/" target="_blank">sailed to Bermuda</a>, along with her son (Bradley Steese Dresser) and his new wife--a sort of double honeymoon. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="addmd">Pauline received one-third of the income from Rogers' estate for the remainder of her life, including the use of the </span><span class="addmd"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-henry-adams/thomas-hoving-wendy-burde_b_533089.html" target="_blank"><span class="addmd">Port of Missing Men</span></a> property pictured above: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">a
lavish estate in Southampton on Long Island, ... set on 1400 acres of
prime land, including an 800-acre shooting preserve called The Cow Neck
and a 400-acre lake, called Scallop Pond. As designed by the renowned
architect John Russell Pope, the Rodgers’ manor house resembled not
one, but several modest Colonial cottages, all strung together, to form
an abode of palatial proportions with opulent appointments, not so
different from Marie Antoinette’s retreat at Versailles. It included
perhaps the most lavish Greco-Roman indoor swimming pool ever conceived
in this country, which has since been destroyed.</span></blockquote>
<span class="addmd">Pauline would later be described by stepson, <span class="addmd">Thomas Hoving, in his 1994 book--<i>M</i></span><i>aking the Mummies Dance: Inside The Metropolitan Museum Of Art</i><span class="addmd">--as
a woman for whom he "developed an instant hatred" (page 85). Tom's
parents were divorced when he was five, in August 1936, only seven
months before Pauline married his father, and he</span></span> <span class="addmd">recalled spending summers with two governesses at </span><span class="addmd"><span class="addmd">Pauline's</span> Long Island estate as his stepmother tried to teach him how to live "in society." </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfQbXmTN4-JjsRb4t3eee3Lb5ksrocY4-BYN2eEIyvErg7KgCHs5_7reEtCGqdMHKoJAMmwYZDaDqMuI4qgemmOjXIJjshXDeKQ4WiNfF-eBBbww4ULJ-_RaZF18U-jTxCQGVakCoECx-B/s1600/Whitney+apt+Manhattan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="1180" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfQbXmTN4-JjsRb4t3eee3Lb5ksrocY4-BYN2eEIyvErg7KgCHs5_7reEtCGqdMHKoJAMmwYZDaDqMuI4qgemmOjXIJjshXDeKQ4WiNfF-eBBbww4ULJ-_RaZF18U-jTxCQGVakCoECx-B/s640/Whitney+apt+Manhattan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span class="addmd">During cooler months when he lived as a boy in Manhattan, Tom would go to the Hovings' apartment on the top floor of <a href="http://variety.com/2010/dirt/real-estalker/river-house-round-up-1201231021/" target="_blank">River House</a>, 435 East </span>52nd
Street on the East River. Sonny Whitney had a residence one building
down at the corner of First Avenue, and Bert Walker's Manhattan
residence was a few doors away at One Sutton Place South. Tom would even
hint in his book about a possible romance between his stepmother
Pauline and Charlie Wrightsman.<br />
<br />
The Exxon story, too, is also hinted at here, but further research articles will hopefully bring it into clearer focus.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>ENDNOTES</b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">[1]</span> Frederick Townsend Martin wrote the book from which the quote is
taken about three years before his death. When his brother's obituary
appeared in the Washington Post (1913), Frederick was said to be "a
Bowery settlement worker." The real "idle" wealth of Frederick's
brother came in the form of his wife's inheritance of hundreds of
millions from her parents, with which she became noted for
exceptionally elaborate balls at the Waldorf-Astoria.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">[2]</span> In Atlantic City, Pauline apparently encountered her ex-husband with an actress using the name <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12075609/mae_francis1913/" target="_blank">Mae Francis</a>, (a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12095029/mae_francisniece_of_donovan1913/" target="_blank">niece of "Wild Bill" Donovan</a>, a famous baseball player of the day, not the spy). Steese, in his roadster, was insanely <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12073759/steesedivorced1917/" target="_blank">racing</a> against aviator <a href="http://earlyaviators.com/ejaquith.htm" target="_blank">E. Kenneth Jaquith</a>,
flying above him. Steese married the actress early in 1917. The next
time he was heard from, however, he was married to a woman named
Blanche, with whom in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12073810/steeserumsey_estatebath_ny1925/" target="_blank">1925</a>
he had built a house at Lake Salubria near Bath, New York, and moved
there from Ohio. When Steese's mother died in 1929, Blanche was named
Executrix. Soon after that, he received another <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12073907/charles_j_steese_inheritance1930/" target="_blank">inheritance</a>
from Anna Steese Baldwin, his late father's sister. He had no problem
inheriting from family, but he suffered no qualms it seems in
disinheriting his own two sons, giving them up to be raised by Pauline's
second husband.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-48857893865000457672017-06-13T09:37:00.001-05:002017-06-13T09:38:11.237-05:00How Rich Men in Greenwich Came to Control Pan AmBack in the fall of 2014 at this blog I was heavily engaged in a review of Nixon's role in Watergate, while at the same time exploring his connection to Rebe Rebozo. <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2017/01/how-land-investment-in-florida-helped.html" target="_blank">Researching Bebe</a> in depth had led me to Bebe's marriage to high school classmate Clare Gunn, who had their marriage annulled just before she married in 1937 an extremely wealthy man, E. Vose Babcock, Jr. That marriage ended in divorce after only two years. Her final marriage would be to a Pan Am Airways pilot named James N. Gentry.<br />
<br />
Although I did promise to continue researching what to be was a quite intriguing connection, i.e., Babcock's connection to the Mellon and Scaife families in Pittsburgh, I neglected to post my followup research. Instead, curiosity about land developers in Florida, among many other subjects, intervened. Refer back to my <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2017/01/how-land-investment-in-florida-helped.html" target="_blank">previous post</a> to refresh your memory, as the saga continues here.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0iZmGDH7_CgCYayq7hdo3PEXP9GlzPaW9zmOq_Vju8VErHF8Ke2vhP2UMfbtnysAleZH6TcH9OobkT-IROcC3LogPRtcofPKIpb4yTwYfQ_7chK9ZZHeA0qJ94EV1A3SGEmrVMOF_3vqG/s1600/Babcock+obit+1948.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0iZmGDH7_CgCYayq7hdo3PEXP9GlzPaW9zmOq_Vju8VErHF8Ke2vhP2UMfbtnysAleZH6TcH9OobkT-IROcC3LogPRtcofPKIpb4yTwYfQ_7chK9ZZHeA0qJ94EV1A3SGEmrVMOF_3vqG/s1600/Babcock+obit+1948.jpg" width="158" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vose Babcock, Sr. dies.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><b><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Juan Trippe's Social Circle Within a Circle</span></b></i><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Prior to his becoming Pittsburgh's mayor, Vose Babcock, Sr. had been a trustee of the University of Pittsburgh with Andrew Carnegie himself a decade or so after Carnegie sold his steel company to J.P. Morgan and became America's richest philanthropist. Vose Jr., something of a black sheep, did not follow the lead of</span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> other wealthy Pittsburgh citizens who married </span>within their class. </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibuK8E1df1CAC5bz-Es_2NMmKi-sC1b4VnhewzTN_OJc1jcsB6jxO-6mFXH0f9yN97s0_0OiseZGT1Jez2lggSaHGWh9u5sicCxMfp_XGKxKqCZFs3FG_eU3u8Fn1eHDm_HnWPiqB07xLK/s1600/mellon_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibuK8E1df1CAC5bz-Es_2NMmKi-sC1b4VnhewzTN_OJc1jcsB6jxO-6mFXH0f9yN97s0_0OiseZGT1Jez2lggSaHGWh9u5sicCxMfp_XGKxKqCZFs3FG_eU3u8Fn1eHDm_HnWPiqB07xLK/s200/mellon_3.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David K.E. Bruce & A. Mellon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Scions from that Pittsburgh group include Richard Beatty</span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> Mellon's daughter </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Sarah Cordelia, for example, </span></span>who married <a href="http://profilesintime.blogspot.com/2007/03/marvin-f-scaife.html">Alan Magee Scaife</a>, nephew of William L. Scaife, also a fellow trustee with Vose Babcock, Sr.; Sarah's first cousin, Andrew Mellon's daughter Ailsa, married <span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><a href="http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/bruce.htm">David K.E. Bruce</a>, who himself had a founding role in Pan American Airways, as well as a <a href="https://alchetron.com/David-K-E-Bruce-1312261-W" target="_blank">secretive career</a> in intelligence. </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Passing
the Maryland Bar in 1921, Bruce then "dabbled at the law and began
preparing for a career in the State Department at its foreign service
school."* </span></span></span></span>It would be in David Bruce's footsteps a young George H. W. Bush would tread in the years leading up to Bush's rise in power and status as President Richard Nixon was being drummed out of office in 1974, a path which ended in late 1977 upon Bruce's death.</span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1pwhvBBxQrplSd_ejspcIAdWQwI9cyLbSftrqIIj9SupFjGiTRgC_YGM4pIm05yTxJdBt6JYLjo-rPrc7oHpte0jQMobWqHCkWL0j3E-c7XN_jFcvz6IyZZ3zkRiOUSfjoj8cIzAGIp5G/s1600/Trippe_Scaife.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1pwhvBBxQrplSd_ejspcIAdWQwI9cyLbSftrqIIj9SupFjGiTRgC_YGM4pIm05yTxJdBt6JYLjo-rPrc7oHpte0jQMobWqHCkWL0j3E-c7XN_jFcvz6IyZZ3zkRiOUSfjoj8cIzAGIp5G/s320/Trippe_Scaife.jpg" width="275" /></a><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Alan </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Magee </span></span></span></span>Scaife, </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">graduating in the 1920 class </span></span></span></span>at Yale, had been roommates with <a href="http://nationalaviation.org/trippe-juan/">Juan T. Trippe</a> there. No doubt that relationship helped Trippe become the founder of Pan American Airways at the age of only 27. David Bruce, Scaife's cousin by marriage, who grew up in Baltimore amongst heirs of Alexander Brown's fortune, became a partner in
an investment bank set up in 1926--W.A. Harriman & Co.--which would soon merge with Alex Brown's New York sons' descendants in Brown Brothers, founded in 1825. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">The Brown descendants included the wife of another close Yale friend, Robert A. Lovett, who in 1919 had married <a href="http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/bbh/dscref613.html" target="_blank">Adele Quartley Brown</a>, daughter of senior partner James Brown. In 1926 Lovett became a Brown Brothers partner. That was the same year </span></span></span></span>Trippe broke<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> up with PanAm's former investors, which included Averell Harriman,</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> after the military brass who ran</span></span> </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Colonial Air Transport accused Trippe of neglecting the airline's core business--contract mail routes--while trying to build a passenger transport business.**</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuEDoXRYhPJ-P53X-zwKCKfiD1zhvizZ-QngWCepMMTlxJcBUccmb9G6T8ZdQufRYTDChdbdRqZsNPtfR8Re5PEhXvxhVpEc6E0ChJyJiJF-5xm-XY0KsFgK0txaRP10j2_uuduCeJs-SL/s1600/Trippe_Pan+Am.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuEDoXRYhPJ-P53X-zwKCKfiD1zhvizZ-QngWCepMMTlxJcBUccmb9G6T8ZdQufRYTDChdbdRqZsNPtfR8Re5PEhXvxhVpEc6E0ChJyJiJF-5xm-XY0KsFgK0txaRP10j2_uuduCeJs-SL/s200/Trippe_Pan+Am.jpg" width="149" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Juan Trippe of Greenwich</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">At that time the core mail routes were Boston to New York and New York to Chicago, but Trippe was more interested in a route to America's Pacific coast, California, and from the Florida keys to Cuba, with a more distant eye to the "Orient."</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">The man who blew the whistle, as it were, on Juan Trippe's "loose management" was none other than Andrew Mellon's son-in-law David Bruce, whose fellow partners at W.A. Harriman & Co. were </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Roland "Bunny" Harriman, Knight Woolley, and Prescott Bush--all of whom had been classmates at Yale who had been tapped for Skull and Bones just as America entered WWI in 1917</span></span>. Another partner, the one with the most banking experience, however, was our old friend George Herbert (Bert) Walker, who became <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Prescott Bush's father-in-law</a> in 1921.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Founding of W. A. Harriman & Co in 1920</span></span></span></span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">In May of that year Robert Scott Lovett (father of Robert A. Lovett, also a Bonesman from Yale's class of 1918) volunteered to work full-time with the War Council, headed by Henry Pomeroy Davison of Locust Valley, Long Island, New York. Bobby Lovett had moved from Texas to New York at a young age when his father began running E.H. Harriman's Union Pacific Railroad, and grew up alongside the Harriman boys and attended Yale with Davison's son, Frederick Trubee Davison, and Knight Woolley's brother John, in the 1918 class. Prescott Bush and Bunny Harriman were one year ahead of Lovett, who, with Knight Woolley and Neal Mallon, were in Yale's Class of 1917. Averell graduated in the 1913 class. All were in Skull and Bones.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqP_DbTriHv1XsQzXL0zrnQ80djnmqGoHGhS0QgzJ4XfdGugiaeeVBFwDrshBaFHZzxQUAwXqjCzePhOVgGiYjGRsGFufofWKccG-24EsbrHgFmWkoR_SHl9k2EctnWoS1o9429vxOXRQ/s1600/G.+Herbert+Walker_new+NY+company+organized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="777" data-original-width="666" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqP_DbTriHv1XsQzXL0zrnQ80djnmqGoHGhS0QgzJ4XfdGugiaeeVBFwDrshBaFHZzxQUAwXqjCzePhOVgGiYjGRsGFufofWKccG-24EsbrHgFmWkoR_SHl9k2EctnWoS1o9429vxOXRQ/s400/G.+Herbert+Walker_new+NY+company+organized.jpg" width="340" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unnamed industrial finance company being set up by G.H. Walker.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">In January 1920 St. Louis investment banker George H. Walker announced he would set up a new "industrial finance company," with many wealthy </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">businessmen, including: </span></span></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">J. Ogden Armour, the meat packer in Chicago, was involved, as were </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Averell Harriman, </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Percy Rockefeller, </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Sam F. Pryor, and </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">W. C. Potter, among many others. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">On April 10, 1920 the new company, incorporated as Morton &
Co., Inc., announced it would operate a general investment banking
business, issuing and underwriting securities, and engaging in all the
normal activities of such banks. Its temporary offices were moved on May
15 to 25 Broad Street. Directors and officers were named in the
Announcement below: </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<ul>
</ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXNiEub7JWMwF5osW8nlxWuFw6-AlbvVsOGwNEtR2Fc0AiosZTWF6Arsyp7-YvjM1tHwp2XhwCOglvArhpgxY2UhAT_hKkcIVKuWoTspR84iXA2jeOp6CympE0s67d1bj5aO8ig14FN-r7/s1600/President_Morton+Co_Harriman_Percy_Sun_and_The_New_York_Herald_Thu__May_20__1920_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1337" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXNiEub7JWMwF5osW8nlxWuFw6-AlbvVsOGwNEtR2Fc0AiosZTWF6Arsyp7-YvjM1tHwp2XhwCOglvArhpgxY2UhAT_hKkcIVKuWoTspR84iXA2jeOp6CympE0s67d1bj5aO8ig14FN-r7/s640/President_Morton+Co_Harriman_Percy_Sun_and_The_New_York_Herald_Thu__May_20__1920_.jpg" width="531" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">G. H. Walker, president of Morton & Co.--WSJ 4/10/1920</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">How did these Yale men meet the St. Louis banker, one might well wonder.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Percy A. Rockefeller had been in the Yale (and Skull and Bones) 1900
class with Frederick Baldwin Adams, Frederic Winthrop Allen from
Massachusetts and James Cowan Greenway. In fact, when F.W. Allen's wedding was held in
St. Louis in 1911 his Bones classmates attended. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9040657/frederick_w_allenpercy/" target="_blank">Allen's bride was Irene Catlin</a>,
daughter of Daniel Catlin, founder of a tobacco company in St. Louis
bought out by American Tobacco Company in 1898. Catlin had used the
money from the sale to invest in St. Louis real estate and built the <a href="https://dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-nr/00000083.pdf" target="_blank">Security Building</a>
at 319 N. 4th Street, "St. Louis' most costly tall office building." At
the corner of Locust and North Fourth, it sat opposite the Federal
Reserve Bank in downtown St. Louis. For years the Catlins had lived on
Vandeventer Place near the family of David Davis Walker, father of
George Herbert Walker. Mrs. Catlin's mother, Mrs. Henry Kayser lived at
#59 until her death in 1915.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Fred Winthrop Allen had moved to St. Louis shortly after his Yale graduation
in 1900 to work for Simmons Hardware, the same company which hired
Prescott Bush after he too graduated from Yale in 1917. Allen had
quickly taken his place among St. Louis society folk, making friends
with Daniel Catlin, Jr. and his brother Theron, whose sister Allen later
married.*** </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Averell, Bunny's big brother and the senior partner of the investment bank set up with his inheritance from the railroad tycoon, E.H. Harriman, ignored the warnings given him by both </span></span></span></span>David <span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Bruce and Colonial Air Transport (CAT) executive Sherman Fairchild. There are <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RdQN4OBHB98C&pg=PA198&lpg=PA198&dq=%22Aviation+Corporation%22+%22colonial+air+transport%22&source=bl&ots=T0j0MreXh_&sig=TC6da9l3HkaiLLQT7TYgMNdSDjQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gFP_U9CwLoi4ggTm1oLYBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Aviation%20Corporation%22%20%22colonial%20air%20transport%22&f=false">varying accounts</a> of what exactly happened in 1927 (</span></span></span></span><span class="addmd">Gabrielle Durepos, Albert J. Mills, </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><i>Anti-History: Theorizing the Past...</i>, pp. 195-200).; see also pages 4-5 of a paper delivered by the authors which sets out the <a href="http://mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconference/2009/Stream4/Founding%20out%20an%20ANTi-history%20account%20of%20history%20and%20the%20establishment%20of%20Pan%20American%20Airways.PDF">founding and merger history</a> of Pan Am). One account, written by "leftist" writer, Matthew Josephson, relates that after being fired by the board of CAT, Trippe formed Aviation Corporation of the Americas (ACoAs) with John Hambleton and </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/14/sports/cv-whitney-horseman-and-benefactor-dies-at-93.html">Cornelius Vanderbilt "Sonny" Whitney</a>, </span></span>son of Harry Payne Whitney and grandson of <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/accumulations-of-money-accumulated-power.html">William Collins Whitney</a>. Hambleton, son of a Baltimore banker and married to the daughter of the president of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, died in a plane crash in the summer of 1929, to be heard from no more. Sonny Whitney, however, turned out to be Juan Trippe's most omnipresent backer, as we will explore in subsequent posts here.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">We receive a totally different perspective of Juan Trippe's role in this airline from Rudy Abramson's </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
biography of Averell Harriman, <i>Spanning the Century</i>.<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> Abramson states that Averell, who graduated from Yale four years earlier than his brother and other Skull and Bones partners at W.A. Harriman & Co., had begun aviation investments with his brother-in-law, Charles Lawrance, who sold military planes to the French during WWI and to the U.S. Army in 1920. Charles soon became president of the Wright Company, which made the plane Lucky Lindbergh flew to Paris. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">By the time the forerunner to Pan Am was founded, Averell (then 36) was already making his third aviation investment. He </span></span>teamed up with Bobby Lehman to help Trippe launch Aviation Corporation of America (AVCO), also bringing in Sonny's cousin John Hay "Jock" Whitney, their uncle William H. Vanderbilt, and <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9503E6D7153AEF33A25753C3A9609C946395D6CF">William G. Rockefeller</a>, Juan's close neighbor in Greenwich, Connecticut. In fact, the part of Greenwich where Trippe, Prescott Bush, Sr. and Jr. lived had been developed out of the vast Rockefeller holdings in that city.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX1ZdR7UOXwnPl3M3CKT6yhLf3HWJAkcXjED0HF31tmEGoVh5Wm5VXejZ6uIGomrNypSyKjfgXNu23La_kbKLREZOS3LYab0o0NKb0Z2AMEczLiQQYWg8b5vdikoEOIVwaeyH8-9y_JLY9/s1600/Greenwich+map2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="1238" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX1ZdR7UOXwnPl3M3CKT6yhLf3HWJAkcXjED0HF31tmEGoVh5Wm5VXejZ6uIGomrNypSyKjfgXNu23La_kbKLREZOS3LYab0o0NKb0Z2AMEczLiQQYWg8b5vdikoEOIVwaeyH8-9y_JLY9/s640/Greenwich+map2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William Rockefeller <a href="http://blog.ctnews.com/propertyrounds/2014/03/03/a-bit-about-the-rockefellers-history-in-greenwich/">first acquired land in Greenwich</a> in the 1870's.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Juan Trippe in 1928 married <span class="st">Elizabeth "Betty" Stettinius, daughter of </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4486AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA904">Edward R. Stettinius, Sr.</a> whom Ron Chernow described as the man bearing "the unlovely tag of father of the military industrial complex." [See Chernow, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B003CIQ57E/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B003CIQ57E&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=S25YDZGWAVMV7CKY">The House of Morgan</a><img alt="" border="0" class="ywxfuztdypmovexvfaaa tqqwfryfiuikkhvfxekt lxycogbfjyfjfrgrhkxb" height="1" src="https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=quixot-20&l=as2&o=1&a=B003CIQ57E" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" /></i> (page 189)]. President of the Diamond Match Company during 1909-15, Stettinius lived with his family in a mansion called Dongan Hall at Staten Island. Recruited by Thomas Lamont in 1915 to work for J. P. Morgan & Co., he became chief buyer of war supplies for the Allies before the U.S. declared war. In this role he reorganized American manufacturing companies into munitions makers, using Morgan's interest in Guaranty Trust to finance its acquisition of factories by <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F3QiAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2890">Midvale Steel and Ordnance</a> for that purpose. Midvale then set up <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F3QiAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2890">Remington Arms Co</a>. in Delaware "primarily to manufacture rifles for the Allies in Europe." Mostly Wall-Street bankers bought up the stock in Remington, Cambria Steel and also Wilmington Steel.<br />
<br />
Two men who were most helpful to Stettinius in converting America into a war machine were Samuel F. Pryor and Percy A. Rockefeller. Pryor, who was a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F3QiAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1530">director of the Baldwin Locomotive Works</a>, helped negotiate the lease to house the new factory for Remington Arms, of which he would serve as a vice-president. The <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5uggAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1136">contracts to sell the rifles</a> were already in place by 1915, and the United States had already racked up a huge trade surplus. Pryor would become a vice president of Union Metallic Cartridge Co. and later serve as a director of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gmRVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA72">Wright-Martin Aircraft</a> with Frederic Wintrop Allen and Frederick Baldwin Adams, both of whom were shareholders in W.A. Harriman & Co. of which George H. "Bert" Walker was president in 1920, as were Percy and Pryor. Percy A. Rockefeller was a major investor in Midvale with his sister's husband, Marcellus Hartley Dodge, and with Frank A. Vanderlip, while <a href="https://archive.org/stream/dynasticamericaa00kleirich#page/76/mode/2up/search/dodge">Andrew Mellon</a> was a Midvale director. (See Gerald G. Eggert, <i>Steelmasters and Labor Reform, 1886-1923</i>, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BEFuj8mDujEC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=higginson+%22samuel+f.+pryor%22&source=bl&ots=law6u5V75y&sig=V0ltOWrtrBs2PGbR9EBV0yc448o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_vz8U-nZMoqAygSk0oG4CQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=higginson%20%22samuel%20f.%20pryor%22&f=false">page 96</a>). <br />
<br />
A couple of years later as Assistant Secretary of War in Woodrow Wilson's administration in 1918 Stettinius oversaw procurement and production of supplies for the U.S. Army, spending many months in Europe after WWI on the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/journalofgreatwa02daweiala#page/244/mode/2up/search/liquidation">Advisory Liquidating Board</a> <a href="https://archive.org/stream/certaincontracts00unit#page/n3/mode/2up/search/stettinius">settling munitions contracts</a> and those for "<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=z7pBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA64">aeronautical material</a>" no longer needed by the U.S. Government. His job was then to terminate contracts established during the the war on terms favorable to the government. Thus, Juan Trippe's father-in-law would have been well qualified to have mentored <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/06/nixons-blackmail-of-few-good-men.html">Richard Nixon, who terminated Navy</a> contracts at the <span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">Philadelphia Bureau of Aeronautics office</span> beginning in January 1945. Nixon's entire <a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/biographies-list/bios-n/nixon-richard.html" target="_blank">Naval career</a> is much more intriguing than has heretofore been explored.<br />
<br />
Before that assignment Nixon had been <span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">an administrative officer at the <a href="http://www.alamedanavalairmuseum.org/history/IslandCity.aspx">Alameda Naval Air Station</a>, where </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">Pan American World Airways' <a href="http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-commercial-aviation/pan-american-airways">Pacific terminal</a> was located. One who collects coincidences might be fascinated to learn that Alameda Naval Air Base was also the point of departure in 1944 for </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">the last flight </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">(photo below) of James Norman Gentry, the man </span>Bebe Rebozo's ex-wife </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">(Clare Gunn) </span>married after she divorced Bebe</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">. But, again, we're getting ahead of ourselves.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEAaGPU7TcC-UsS_4JU995atTQzsGoIn_FJB8O8WgFj6fnLrcbE7JREU56DHIkq1S6WqI6qqW_JPDntrNrO09XvnUyfe51kARvRqWV6JDGvkp8KM86DBYTujxa8eg2EEMPSPxG3jEz9Or/s1600/Pan+Am+China+Clipper_1935.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEAaGPU7TcC-UsS_4JU995atTQzsGoIn_FJB8O8WgFj6fnLrcbE7JREU56DHIkq1S6WqI6qqW_JPDntrNrO09XvnUyfe51kARvRqWV6JDGvkp8KM86DBYTujxa8eg2EEMPSPxG3jEz9Or/s1600/Pan+Am+China+Clipper_1935.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Captain James Norman Gentry, who married Clare Gunn in 1939, crashed in 1944.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica light"; font-size: 12pt;">
</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">When W. A. Harriman & Co. merged into the newly created Brown Brothers, Harriman investment bank in 1931, "six of the twelve partners in the new company had been at Yale with the younger Harriman brother [Bunny]" </span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-no-proof: no;">— adding Robert A. Lovett and Ellery James to the other four Yalies, all of whom had been tapped by Skull and Bones<span style="font-family: inherit;"> during the time Percy Rockefeller was <span style="font-family: inherit;">investing in aircraft with <span style="font-family: inherit;">fellow Bonesman F. B. Adams<span style="font-family: inherit;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><br />
</span></span> <span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">A secretive high-level "spook" within State Department and OSS circles, Bruce </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><i>—</i> in his </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">diaries from WWII, published in 1991 as </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">"<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/087338427X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=087338427X&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20">OSS Against the Reich</a>" </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><i>—</i></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> recounted his experiences as "</span>a top deputy of William J. 'Wild Bill' Donovan, founder of the Office of Strategic Services," forerunner of Central Intelligence Agency. </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Bruce had also served as Averell Harriman's assistant in the Department of Commerce</span></span>.<br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Like Carnegie, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a> and his numerous corporate interests before the 1929 crash had been an integral part of the Morgan banking network of industries then centered around steel, mass transit and mass electrical utility systems and the local street railways, which were recently consolidated into one holding company by Democrat, William Collins Whitney. (See <i>Taking the Golden Eggs</i>, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html">Part I</a> and <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/accumulations-of-money-accumulated-power.html">Part II</a>.) W.C. Whitney had very strong ties to Yale, but wanted to send his two sons to Harvard because of a rift between him and his wife's brother, Oliver Hazard Payne, also a Yalie, but a Republican, heavily invested in Standard Oil, whose owners were incensed at what had transpired under the Democrat President Grover Cleveland and the Republican trust-buster Theodore Roosevelt to their oil monopoly. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">The Rockefellers, Stillmans, and associates in Standard Oil and National City Bank were determined to wrest control of the government and the direction of investment from Whitney's benefactors, and they planned to do it through the power structure at Yale University, in particular through the <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/06/how-rockefellers-got-control-of-skull.html">Skull and Bones secret society</a>. Andrew Mellon had known Texan Jesse Jones since at least 1905, when Jones was a young man managing his uncle's lumber estate. Not long after meeting Mellon, who owned the <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhi07">Lucas oil gusher at Spindletop</a> as part of Gulf Oil, Jones went into the construction business for himself and </span>convinced Mellon to build a headquarters for Gulf Oil in Houston in 1908. Jesse Jones built two Gulf buildings, and a third was constructed by Cadillac Fairview (Bronfman) many years later as part
of Texas Eastern Transmission Co.'s <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/04/part-6-of-land-and-loot.html">Houston Center complex</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Since 1937 Gulf Oil had been in Kuwait as a
partner with BP, from whom they “took most of their political advice,” and
who “gave them patronizing lectures on how to deal with the Arabs.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Anthony Sampson, <i>The Seven Sisters</i>, p. 230.]
According to Sampson, Gulf “moved into coal and nuclear energy; they bought an
insurance company (CNA), an industrial center in Florida, and a whole new town
outside Washington called Reston.”<br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">What we need to understand at this juncture is that Miami in 1930 was the center of what was to become America's first international airline corporation and that Yale was strutting to lead the way through Juan Trippe. We learn much of this history from </span>author <span class="addmd"><a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/200845" target="_blank">Rosalie Schwartz</a> in her book </span><i>Flying Down to Rio: Hollywood, Tourists, and Yankee Clippers</i>. <iframe class="ydswfjqnsiijliijuiqa otualxxksimopcsmhlvu iofzsqjxdstyocwskaif pygyppmrnvljuveyqyyr ulydzxzwzllgfcgcmssd iazynoqunsrvqouqppdg thxphcsdursvynzdfgyo garjuhcqquxgltqnsmwx ywxfuztdypmovexvfaaa tqqwfryfiuikkhvfxekt lxycogbfjyfjfrgrhkxb" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=quixot-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=1585444219&asins=1585444219&linkId=3W3SLEUWAW6JJRSS&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"><br />
</iframe><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">With the depression, a new type of infrastructure pushed out the old to create an economy based upon the concept of individually automobiles as and the petroleum products used as fuel, thus supplanting the electric-powered street railways. Mellon was in the process of abandoning Morgan interests in favor of Rockefeller-Stillman interests, as his <a href="http://futurethroughpast.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-bad-smell-of-oil-from-colombia-and.html">activities during the 1920's</a>, leading up to oil ventures in Venezuela and Colombia in 1930, affirm.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">
</span></span> <br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">In 2001 a map of the real estate holdings in these counties appeared in the <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=20010706&id=eQ8iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mX8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6843,130643">Sarasota Herald</a>, which shows that Babcock Lumber's </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">hardwoods </span></span>grew in swampy lands later sold to the state for a wilderness preserve. The Babcock heirs declared that nobody had made any money off the cattle and farming operations of the ranch, at least not since Babcock, Sr. turned the lands over to Junior's y</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">ounger brother </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><a href="http://www.babcocklumber.com/aboutus.asp?subpage=%7B8C1CE7DA-BF28-4D52-A8C4-53CBAFB76DD2%7D">Fred Courtney Babcock</a>, a white sheep graduate of Dartmouth, who married and returned to Pittsbugh to head the lumber company even before Vose Senior died in 1948. Fred </span>lived until 1997, dying in Punta Gorda, Charlotte County, Florida.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJluro48NHFGHHPZugFszreT2S2TP5umMoNQQlzhBDmZKv0rN5rjnQO7tvqrMu22YS7kusmHvU0lu63Z-K6gyIn3HMVHJ4rTmIGxYY1qjyq-QbBVcEZTuZrvKTUpr2GWbMLx6ukIBYgYOA/s1600/Vose+estate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJluro48NHFGHHPZugFszreT2S2TP5umMoNQQlzhBDmZKv0rN5rjnQO7tvqrMu22YS7kusmHvU0lu63Z-K6gyIn3HMVHJ4rTmIGxYY1qjyq-QbBVcEZTuZrvKTUpr2GWbMLx6ukIBYgYOA/s1600/Vose+estate.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Smathers firm deprived of these fees!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Fred's heirs in 2001 breathed not a whisper <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=20010706&id=eQ8iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mX8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6843,130643">here</a> of the name of black sheep, Vose Jr. What we learn of Clare's husband number two is found in 1957 <a href="http://archive.flsenate.gov/data/Historical/Senate%20Journals/1950s/1957/Impeachment%20Session%5C19-404TO4358_8_57.PDF">Florida Senate hearings</a> on the impeachment of Judge George Edward Holt, whom critics alleged received a suspicious loan from an attorney named Joseph Gersten. </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">George Smathers' partner, Jack Thompson, it seems, had been appointed </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> in 1955 </span></span>to be guardian </span></span></span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">ad litem for Vose Babcock, Jr. (incapacitated by an unknown blood malady). The guardian apparently would have had some measure of access to Babcock's $8 million trust fund as well as oversight of $4 million in Florida real estate and his cattle spread over several counties (see <a href="http://archive.flsenate.gov/data/Historical/Senate%20Journals/1950s/1957/Impeachment%20Session%5C19-404TO4358_8_57.PDF">p. 419 of excerpt</a> at left), all valued in 1950s dollars. According to testimony in the hearing, </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">the Judge revoked the first appointment to the Smathers firm, replacing Thompson with Gersten. </span></span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvpuPIFNa2bD6zvKV0FC8YbkiXAaWw6gLRhPxBdsYI3GaSeEsuynvl4czTvDwzkIN_JZn-3UkrE9kckyoeRxAte79QTc69qhpsTjOt_6boernOHkOEkVPyGJQWjUgVKRh2FQ8bYtvqMN-_/s1600/Vose+Babcock_governor_bull_1955.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvpuPIFNa2bD6zvKV0FC8YbkiXAaWw6gLRhPxBdsYI3GaSeEsuynvl4czTvDwzkIN_JZn-3UkrE9kckyoeRxAte79QTc69qhpsTjOt_6boernOHkOEkVPyGJQWjUgVKRh2FQ8bYtvqMN-_/s1600/Vose+Babcock_governor_bull_1955.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">When Vose Jr. died </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> in 1956</span></span>, </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">his obituary in the <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=LxJbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA35&lpg=RA2-PA35&dq=%22babcock+lumber%22+florida+cattle+1956&source=bl&ots=0ZfTWyVX1g&sig=5yWJc_ZQAM9CRpEn8wuK9ec0wzI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JbTnU-DCDeja8AGe04G4Cg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Princeton Alumni Weekly</i></a> state he had been a director of the Florida State Cattlemen's Association and a member of the Riviera Country Club at Coral Gables. A 1955 photograph of him appeared alongside Florida's <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19490129&id=V9tOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FE4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4476,811337">anti-Klan Governor</a> Fuller Warren showing off his purebred Santa Gertrudis bloodline bull acquired from </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">the Texas <a href="http://www.king-ranch.com/the-legacy/the-end-of-the-war/">King Ranch, whose website states</a>: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In 1940, Dick Kleberg, Jr., joined his father, Mr. Dick, and his uncle, Mr. Bob, in managing King Ranch. Together, they initiated a series of innovations that kept King Ranch successful and at the leading edge of the ranching industry. ...After World War II, the ranch’s agricultural business was extended, in part to expand the national and global presence of the Santa Gertrudis breed. Acquisitions came through the purchase of property in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and West Texas, and through joint ventures and partnerships in Florida.</span> </blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj14mV01ZWSwMYgh_avDE1s9gklxBk3fX5oBjz8BhnE5d31gslpRzcehBupRcBGxkWYoSAHtoeAa62hsC4hemEfiICK2P97aY4nsvvIUf9XjU9gFEtd2rRVBKBUD_5LrU30u7AomzCopCjO/s1600/Clare+Gunn+divorced+1939_Babcock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj14mV01ZWSwMYgh_avDE1s9gklxBk3fX5oBjz8BhnE5d31gslpRzcehBupRcBGxkWYoSAHtoeAa62hsC4hemEfiICK2P97aY4nsvvIUf9XjU9gFEtd2rRVBKBUD_5LrU30u7AomzCopCjO/s1600/Clare+Gunn+divorced+1939_Babcock.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clare divorced Babcock in 1939.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Clare Gunn's 1937 marriage to Vose Jr. was over in very short order, as stated in a <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2017/01/how-land-investment-in-florida-helped.html" target="_blank">prior post</a>. She divorced him early in 1939 in Miami in order to marry James N. Gentry, a 1934 mechanical engineering graduate from Georgia Tech, who had joined the Naval Reserve and trained as a pilot in Pensacola, Florida, before moving to Miami to fly for Pan American. By the spring of 1940 they were living </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">in Fort Myers,
and he tended his cattle on the Crescent B Ranch, which covered a large
part of Lee, Charlotte, Hendry and Collier Counties' swampy range. </span>Vose Babcock and his brother Fred were in Fort Myers to look after the 156,000-acre Crescent B. Ranch their father had <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=20010707&id=j4BRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SwgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6777,3828386">begun buying from timber speculators in 1914</a>.
The ranch was then still part of Manatee County and would not be
divided into Charlotte and Lee Counties until seven years later. What
remains of that real estate investment is now the <a href="http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20140403/ARTICLE/140409876?tc=ar">Babcock Ranch</a> community east of Punta Gorda.<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> </span><br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><br /></span>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Vose </span>Babcock remarried again so quickly, we might wonder whether Clare caught him fooling around with the young widow, Georgie Areca Stone Moore, whom he married in short order. <span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Born in Punta Gorda around 1915, Areca was a <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~flswphs/Tom_Stewart/c33.htm">1933 graduate</a> of</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> Fort Myers High School and lived with the</span> family </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">of her deceased husband, <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Eflswphs/Tom_Stewart/c28.htm">Charlie Swoope Moore, Jr.</a> </span></span>who died <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~flswphs/cem/myers/fmc_montgomery.htm">December 8, 1937</a>. Charlie's father </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">fancied himself as something of a defender of national security, serving on the <a href="http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3529&context=flstud_pub">Fort Myers Defense Council</a> during WWII. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM3EtBLbYm1gpTv8lVfk3DvmultLM4ICi-GEqsgwHCboh7jxKb3rvVkK_5z_spqo6yZHw8J8UMlrxj1UK407BUYHK8YDrEk7EPHLXChvdt5sUC5J6ESzeoymgVvLsX0QV9s50WAAhjNF4D/s1600/Vose+Babcock_Areca+S._1947.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="60" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM3EtBLbYm1gpTv8lVfk3DvmultLM4ICi-GEqsgwHCboh7jxKb3rvVkK_5z_spqo6yZHw8J8UMlrxj1UK407BUYHK8YDrEk7EPHLXChvdt5sUC5J6ESzeoymgVvLsX0QV9s50WAAhjNF4D/s1600/Vose+Babcock_Areca+S._1947.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">After the marriage, to Areca, </span>Vose Babcock soon moved down to the Miami area, where the 1947 directory finds him in Coral Gables in<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> a large Spanish colonial ranch home just east of the golf course named for the historic Biltmore Hotel a few feet from the Babcocks' front door. </span>Intriguingly, thirteen months after Vose died, Areca married Guy B. Bailey, who became one of the founders of the Country Club of Miami, which announced its golf pro would be <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19630203&id=EbgyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UOoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=921,1080316">Arnold Palmer</a>, then the hottest golfer on the PGA circuit. After the club opened, however, it turned out Arnie was too hot to spend much time at all in Miami, and he was replaced when his contract expired.<br />
<br />
Clare too quickly remarried. The U.S. Census recorded in April 1940 reveals Clare was already remarried to James Norman Gentry and living at 24-29 51st Avenue in Douglaston, Little Neck, New York, ten miles east of La Guardia Airport, the New York terminal for Gentry's employer, Pan American Airlines. To get to work and back, Gentry would have had to pass the World's Fair in Flushing (current site of Flushing Meadows tennis center) which did not close until late October 1940. Used as a model for Walt Disney's Epcot Center in Florida, the <a href="http://www.disneyavenue.com/2014/08/epcot-and-1939-worlds-fair.html">1939 World’s Fair</a> "sprawled over 1,216 acres of former marshland adjacent to Flushing Bay." <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeaxze6YVzlBX9zdHp8OmOBq2lX2D89tvbfUVzlP1oaBYmdfX_GfXzGpOivj_dUlX5OkhDIqV6kjlAhp-aVmgJdZCl6G6BVxxr3mvtKdDF5zntZiCEeuKdZ_5vNPPT-lvBogHOCopjXrj6/s1600/Rebozo+Miami+1942.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeaxze6YVzlBX9zdHp8OmOBq2lX2D89tvbfUVzlP1oaBYmdfX_GfXzGpOivj_dUlX5OkhDIqV6kjlAhp-aVmgJdZCl6G6BVxxr3mvtKdDF5zntZiCEeuKdZ_5vNPPT-lvBogHOCopjXrj6/s1600/Rebozo+Miami+1942.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1942 Miami Directory</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Incidentally, Bebe Rebozo </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">lived with his mother and sister in </span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">this same neighborhood in </span></span>1942 before he and Clare married for a second time and were listed in the 1947</span> Miami Directory at 7200 School House Road (now known as SW 52nd Avenue)! </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">During the 1920's Florida was the hottest market for real estate, as we have explored in many posts that appear in this blog (see label 'Florida Land Boom'). It was also struggling to build airports during those years and attracted the interest of two important men</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><i>—</i>Glenn H. Curtiss and Juan T. Trippe.</span></span><br />
Here we return to review what happened in Florida after WWI, trying
to understand how the new transportation technologies led to that state
becoming central to the growth of an intelligence empire.<br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Florida and Airpla<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nes--</span>the 1920's</b></span></i><br />
<br />
Wall
Street invaded Miami in the 1920's, but a hurricane in 1926 and another
in 1929 brought recession, just as the stock market crash ushered in
the Great Depression. Prior to the crash investors were zeroing in on
the latest technology—airplanes.<br />
<br />
The three biggest
American names in the field at that time—Wright, Curtiss and
Martin—would soon be swallowed up into one conglomerate. The Great War
(WWI) had razed the playing field, forcing the winner to become a
partner with the federal government, which dangled the most lucrative
contract, air mail, like a carrot before corporate eyes.<br />
<br />
One
of the foremost pioneers of the "aeroplane," Wilbur Wright, died in
1912, and his brother Orville, after winning a patent-infringement
lawsuit against Glenn H. Curtiss in 1914, sold out to a New York
investment <a href="http://www.daytonhistorybooks.com/the_wright_brothers_17.html" target="_blank">syndicate</a>, headed by William Boyce Thompson, formerly a copper miner in Montana, was involved. For a mere $250,000, <a href="http://wrightstories.com/wright-aircraft-company/">one-quarter</a> of what the Wright company had initially raised in 1909, Thompson's group of investors included <a href="http://www.southamptontownny.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1215" target="_blank">Charles H. Sabin</a> of the Morgan-affiliated Guaranty Trust. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG9c1TT3IgCdIk6gWkMkshr57_Wd0TkFQb7c928AYioOGr1VoewQXMKz6adRI65qTUy5XkcjKLeMyEhdJRsa9_ifP7iK2dez0rtgWzIv8nUhctJC0a4Mg5fP5bodkq1tveXMiBgO_HUTty/s1600/1910_Model+B_flying.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="99" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG9c1TT3IgCdIk6gWkMkshr57_Wd0TkFQb7c928AYioOGr1VoewQXMKz6adRI65qTUy5XkcjKLeMyEhdJRsa9_ifP7iK2dez0rtgWzIv8nUhctJC0a4Mg5fP5bodkq1tveXMiBgO_HUTty/s200/1910_Model+B_flying.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wright plane in 1910</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The new syndicate which acquired Wright's stock merged it with that of Glenn
L. Martin, forming in 1917 a new corporation called <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=xQI8AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA41">Wright-Martin Aircraft</a> Corporation, which began manufacturing aircraft in New Brunswick, N.J. at the <a href="http://legendsintheirowntime.com/LiTOT/Mfr/Curtiss_timeline.html" target="_blank">Simplex automobile</a>
factory which Wright had also acquired. Preferred and common shares of
Wright-Martin, which were authorized to raise a total of $10 million,
were oversubscribed by $5.2 million.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilZITlrkQPsk5UQEj1WMGf2-kX8m6Y0E9YcuE3O1SyDH20vpoVS4-G0LYOVcl7X0j7KlVidQJOvmmPuesK9m7uVyQNgwRRfA5vpXNTotX7NvVE90pdQuPzMoDGghbjuT2YVDb6KUc2jT7T/s1600/Jim+Wear+football_Times_Sep_19__1899_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="702" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilZITlrkQPsk5UQEj1WMGf2-kX8m6Y0E9YcuE3O1SyDH20vpoVS4-G0LYOVcl7X0j7KlVidQJOvmmPuesK9m7uVyQNgwRRfA5vpXNTotX7NvVE90pdQuPzMoDGghbjuT2YVDb6KUc2jT7T/s320/Jim+Wear+football_Times_Sep_19__1899_2.jpg" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Percy, mgr for Wear team</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Wright-Martin quickly evolved into
Wright Aeronautical Corporation, filed in Albany, New York, in October
1919 by Frederick Baldwin Adams and others, shortly before Adams joined with the other shareholders involved with Averell Harriman and G. H. "Bert" Walker in W. A. Harriman & Co. Walker's brother-in-law, Jim Wear, played football at Yale while Percy Rockefeller was the football manager.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs5YeqNIdfpLDgurQNW9f9ynQMN5vYe7BmZicnAjBNWtuxBfBHcIwamSMO9IRy8g1xNUqkYSXu6vT55wKnIsWfysD4hK1GFHr3Y11lQJ96nt-wjTihxMuYSzMNxHBgeWuB95x1B9Q19yZl/s1600/Wear_football+Yale_1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="877" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs5YeqNIdfpLDgurQNW9f9ynQMN5vYe7BmZicnAjBNWtuxBfBHcIwamSMO9IRy8g1xNUqkYSXu6vT55wKnIsWfysD4hK1GFHr3Y11lQJ96nt-wjTihxMuYSzMNxHBgeWuB95x1B9Q19yZl/s320/Wear_football+Yale_1900.jpg" width="320" /></a>Adams had also been tapped for Skull and Bones the same year as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9038117/skull_and_bonesfb_adams_camp/" target="_blank">Percy</a>.
Wright Aeronautical operated for ten years, until June 1929 when both it and
rival Glenn Curtiss were acquired by a $70 million holding company
called the Curtiss-Wright Corporation. <br />
<br />
The Curtiss-Wright Corporation would eventually
become a subsidiary of a huge conglomerate formed in 1915, the American
International Corporation, which <a href="http://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/Sutton_Wall_Street_and_the_bolshevik_revolution-5.pdf">Antony Sutton referred to</a> as "a Morgan-controlled firm," with William Boyce Thompson high up in its management. Eustace Mullins has also written about <a href="http://www.whale.to/b/mullins41.html">AIC</a>, stating that it was<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">"funded by J.P. Morgan, the Rockefellers, and
the National City Bank. Chairman of the Board was Frank Vanderlip, former
president of National City, and member of the Jekyll Island group which wrote
the Federal Reserve Act in 1910." </span></blockquote>
Mullins also wrote that the directors included George
Herbert Walker along with an assortment of other well known men.
Although many of those he mentioned were original directors of AIC,
Walker was not, as evidenced by the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8561167/the_washington_post/" target="_blank">absence of his name in the article</a> published in Washington Post of November 24, 1915.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9FG0loQtNF3JlxLILu_jiJD9t2RrbYjDx3tlTC69A0i3ZoElXCJ-tTyKmVILxgPs8wWGSwxxtcnbMzg4RdBsD2Ehr-3xbZKvnVN6lHd87QGhKvkttgbnjw0w75EYDAsKfRMTwSSg3NtT/s1600/G.H.+Walker+pic.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9FG0loQtNF3JlxLILu_jiJD9t2RrbYjDx3tlTC69A0i3ZoElXCJ-tTyKmVILxgPs8wWGSwxxtcnbMzg4RdBsD2Ehr-3xbZKvnVN6lHd87QGhKvkttgbnjw0w75EYDAsKfRMTwSSg3NtT/s1600/G.H.+Walker+pic.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">G.H. Walker, USGA</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
By 1929, however, when the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8561347/aicgold_debenturesgh_walker_a/" target="_blank">corporation advertised</a>
to sell $25,000,000 in gold debentures, Walker, then president of W.A.
Harriman & Co., was listed as a director of AIC. That year also
saw both Averell Harriman and G. H. Walker sitting as directors of The <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8561464/avcoharriman_and_walker1929/" target="_blank">Aviation Company</a> (AVCO), a connection begun possibly in 1928 when AIC's Matthew Brush was on the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8561865/petroleum_bond_and_share/" target="_blank">board of Petroleum Bond and Share</a>, a Delaware corporation, with Averell and Walker.<br />
<br />
Until passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913 the United States had had no <i>official</i> central bank, but historians have stated that J. P. Morgan had acted as an <i>unofficial</i>
central bank. When Morgan died in 1913, four years after W. A.
Harriman's father, the railroad tycoon, had passed from the scene, many
investment bankers aspired to replace the role Morgan had played. George
Herbert Walker was one of those men who aspired to such heights, but he
was one who hid in the shadows. My project to shed light on him and his
extended family extends to <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">five segments</a>,
which can read at QJ. Something triggered his ambition to broaden his
banking interests in 1916, the year he was named president of the New
Orleans, Texas & Mexico Railway Company, whose chairman was
Houston attorney Frank Andrews. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgGszvdARU46dTWbooMbi5ZvU-hUlwK5ANxGODE4upOPU3gGC6cpTX38B1acr0kEnD8zSdnnDwJ4dSd7Us1ctozWKQWHHPe2uXmmjZNZMJv-mPQc1pFLhEMDNFEHve1ERMl61G0Schd3Bp/s1600/New+Orleans,+Texas+etc_G.H.+Walker_1919-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgGszvdARU46dTWbooMbi5ZvU-hUlwK5ANxGODE4upOPU3gGC6cpTX38B1acr0kEnD8zSdnnDwJ4dSd7Us1ctozWKQWHHPe2uXmmjZNZMJv-mPQc1pFLhEMDNFEHve1ERMl61G0Schd3Bp/s640/New+Orleans,+Texas+etc_G.H.+Walker_1919-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">G.H. Walker named President of new railway company, 1916.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Central banks provide the nation with one financial
voice to speak for it in commercial matters abroad. Morgan had been
that voice for years. With his death in 1913, Woodrow Wilson stood ready
to appoint the first director to head the new central bank, and the
following year<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> chose </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;">W. Boyce Thompson, an ingenue Republican millionaire who favored Theodore Roosevelt's progressivism over Taft's policies</span>.
It could only have been a political ploy designed by Colonel House of
Texas, who was pulling Wilson's strings from behind the curtain in an
obvious attempt to garner favor with the Roosevelt progressives who had
helped the Democrats defeat Taft.<br />
<br />
The New York branch
of the Federal Reserve from which Thompson came was then as now
comprised of the biggest, wealthiest banks on Wall Street. In 1914 the
member banks were chomping at the bit, with WWI looming in Europe, to
cash in on financing the war. American International Corporation, an
entity set up by this Wall Street branch of the new central banking
establishment, wanted to leverage millions of dollars in federal grants,
together with stocks and bonds issued by its member Wall Street banks,
to buy American companies able to produce weapons, ammunition, and other
equipment, such as airplanes--all then in great demand by the warring
nations.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/aviation/gle.htm">Glenn H. Curtiss</a> had<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmU2wQSGQveR1UeOy3TwWp3l8c0Rx5k9g24JGBQB6NirsLDRlltJt-zEGXkkUOw_Jx80Y5q6Ez_BscUKY2CREbs4ZaJ6S9fxnztbPad0H2LfRyZ97HwQSWYzHuxxkI9IvJbQFM5CZMyv4X/s1600/Curtiss.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmU2wQSGQveR1UeOy3TwWp3l8c0Rx5k9g24JGBQB6NirsLDRlltJt-zEGXkkUOw_Jx80Y5q6Ez_BscUKY2CREbs4ZaJ6S9fxnztbPad0H2LfRyZ97HwQSWYzHuxxkI9IvJbQFM5CZMyv4X/s200/Curtiss.jpg" width="128" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Glenn Curtiss</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #666666;">developed an airplane that could land on water for the Navy, but he soon
found himself in a legal battle with the Wright Brothers, who held a patent
on their <a href="http://www.456fis.org/GLENN_CURTISS_&_THE_WRIGHT_PATENT_BATTLES.htm">wing-warping system</a>. While the Wrights won in court, Curtiss paid
no penalty, and a Wall Street syndicate formed the Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor
Company, with Curtiss as president. ... When the company underwent major
financial reorganization in 1920, Curtiss moved to southern Florida, where
he became a real estate developer during the 1920s.</span></blockquote>
As WWI approached, eleven manufacturers of airplanes and parts set up <span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Manufacturers'
Aircraft Association as a clearing house to avoid litigation which
would delay the manufacture of aircraft needed to sell to Europeans
engaged in the war. They put all <a href="http://ushistoryscene.com/article/innovation-and-infringement/" target="_blank">patents used by manufacturerd into a pool</a></span> and members of that pool were able to use all these developments
in their aircraft without having to pay exorbitant royalties.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>NOTES:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">*<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">David E. Koskoff's <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0690011903/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0690011903&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=2GLMUJCZKVUN455D">The Mellons</a></i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">**<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">(</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Anthony J. Mayo, Nitin Nohria, Mark Rennella, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0230615678/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0230615678&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=X2COZOC75SO6M6A6">Entrepreneurs, Managers, and Leaders...</a></i> published in 2009, (p. 47). </span></span>The <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=D_9vQXzryokC&pg=PA207&lpg=PA207&dq=Aviation+Corporation+of+America+%28AVCO%29+trippe+harriman&source=bl&ots=26LtgOtYN1&sig=OVJ4B14pk21rrD1orbetHD2vJyE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kQ76U9bUN8We8QGlzIH4CQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=chosen%20instrument%3A%20pan%20am&f=false">footnotes</a> at the end of chapter 2 of their book are quite useful for those engaged in further research.)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">*** </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Theron, who was 6 foot 4, was elected as a Republican to the
Missouri Legislature in 1906, and was elected to the U.S. Congress in
1910. He had barely taken his seat when the Democrat Patrick F.
Gill, who had contested the election, Fred's bride, Irene Catlin Allen, served with a
subpoena on the day of her wedding. Gill ultimately <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5746713" target="_blank">prevailed</a>
in the House Elections Committee by proving that Fred's
father-in-law, millionaire Daniel Catlin, had spent $10,000 getting his son
elected and that he spent more than twice the allowed amount of $660 on
his campaign.</span></span></span></span> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> </span></span></span> Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-39331744583639276992017-03-30T10:52:00.000-05:002017-03-30T10:52:19.076-05:00Being the House Player at the Casino<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Renaissance Technologies Founder James Simons</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Robert Mercer's
preference for right-wing politics seems to stand in stark contrast to
the political views of his predecessors at Renaissance Technologies--James Harris Simons and Howard Lee Morgan, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the co-founders
in 1982 of the company originally designed to revive dying companies. </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1ngF4ELmT_EG5UGBgnkkpI1jYYDbwZQy3x5S99jn0R2MhgEygtfZ04ZQYIlaecge0noS2483ttF4ywFQqCIDmqClPXutgblLOXm5SyDb9o5apBl2Iy4ClkX4eLDnEFITF2z23GwaDlaKp/s1600/pr-simons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1ngF4ELmT_EG5UGBgnkkpI1jYYDbwZQy3x5S99jn0R2MhgEygtfZ04ZQYIlaecge0noS2483ttF4ywFQqCIDmqClPXutgblLOXm5SyDb9o5apBl2Iy4ClkX4eLDnEFITF2z23GwaDlaKp/s200/pr-simons.jpg" width="137" /></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although all three men were brilliant in the field
of mathematics, unlike Mercer, Simons became a </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">politically moderate-leaning mathematician. He entered MIT at the age of 15, studying under Warren Ambrose and I. M. Singer. Only 23 when he obtained his</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> doctorate from the University of California at Berkley (</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.siam.org/news/news.php?id=1866" target="_blank">Bert Kostant thesis adviser</a>) in 1961, and taught at MIT and Harvard until 1964. As Vietnam heated up after JFK's assassination, Simons agreed to work for t</span>he Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), run by Maxwell Taylor, who had been Kennedy's chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. He <a href="https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/migrated/20081113120509.pdf" target="_blank">told Congress in 2008</a> that he was a "code cracker for the NSA."<br />
<br />
The story goes that Simons denounced Taylor's statement that the U.S. could win the
Vietnam War in a letter to the New York Times, which published it. He then told a reporter "his survival strategy was to stop working
on IDA projects and spend all of his time on his own research, until the
U.S. left Vietnam. Ultimately, for the first and only time in his life,
Simons was fired." That was 1968, the same year he joined <span style="font-weight: 400;">Stony Brook University in New York, <a href="https://www.siam.org/news/news.php?id=1866" target="_blank">collaborating</a> with </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/12/06_chern.shtml" target="_blank">Shiing-Shen Chern</a>. They created a geometric theory that crosses over into physics and the quantum field theory. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Within ten years Simons had </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">begun his finance career in 1976 by <a href="http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article.aspx?articleID=1028172&single=true#/.WNFieqLauMp" target="_blank">trading in currencie</a>s with his own money, and after two years he left the university. He created an investment fund called <a href="https://www.sec.gov/news/digest/1981/dig070281.pdf" target="_blank">Limroy</a> and a </span>hedge fund called <a href="http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/030516/jim-simons-success-story-net-worth-education-top-quotes.asp" target="_blank">Monemetrics</a>--both involved in odd transactions based in the Bahamas and British Virgin Islands, to which we will return later. <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>RenTec--from Geometry to Physics to Computer Analytics</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Simons, possibly sensing a need to add computer analytics to his investment formula, set up Renaissance Technologies (RenTec) in 1982 with <span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=89690&privcapId=5059245" target="_blank">Howard Lee Morgan</a></span>. Morgan<span style="font-weight: 400;"> served as president of Renaissance Tech from 1983 through 1989. He had </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">graduated from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" target="_blank">City College of the City University of New York</a> in 1965 and taught there while working on his doctorate, </span><br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">awarded by Cornell in 1968. Dr. Morgan then relocated to Philadelphia, teaching first in the Department of decision sciences at Wharton School of Finance (from which Donald Trump had graduated the same year Morgan arrived), and then he was professor in computer and information sciences at Moore School of Electrical Engineering ("</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">birthplace of the computer industry"), both colleges part of the University of Pennsylvania, which he left in 1985. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">After 1985 Morgan taught briefly at Cal Tech and also at Harvard Business School. According to his bio at <a href="https://www.edge.org/memberbio/howard_lee_morgan" target="_blank">Edge Foundation</a>, "</span>His research on user interface technology, and on optimization of
computer networks led to his bringing the ARPAnet to Philadelphia in
1974. As a result of this early participation in the internet, he
advised many corporate and government agencies on the uses of electronic
and voice mail, implementing it throughout the Wharton School in the
mid 1970s."<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQSFX5Xk3k_J-wTfzEMbbRXz-LkxLKT2pOz3lgZBvoACnhu7dMrEE4DC78wS-vpGnJiZLwxHYPER47KD-E94r7aN1kvUl0fLfp8bq2i67oVaZriQi45MGGLMcWPa_PwTC1zM5oWD_RJ1x/s1600/Franklin+Bible.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQSFX5Xk3k_J-wTfzEMbbRXz-LkxLKT2pOz3lgZBvoACnhu7dMrEE4DC78wS-vpGnJiZLwxHYPER47KD-E94r7aN1kvUl0fLfp8bq2i67oVaZriQi45MGGLMcWPa_PwTC1zM5oWD_RJ1x/s200/Franklin+Bible.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">An early investment Simons made in 1979 involved his putting $350,000 into <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9389195/simonsrenaissanceproximity1979/" target="_blank">Proximity Technologies</a>, a company set up by a young California mathematician who created a spell-checking application and other features for word processing. In 1984 </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Renaissance Technologies </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">invested in </span></span>the first liquid crystal display (LCD) developer, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">CrystalVision, which focused on the <span style="font-weight: 400;">technology now used in today's flat screen computer monitors and television. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">RenTec</span> also infused $6 million into </span>Franklin Computer Corporation, which had reverse-engineered Apple technology and then designed compatible applications. The money thus rescued Franklin from bankruptcy after it lost a <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10063204125696546680&q=%22714+F.2d+1240&hl=en&as_sdt=2002" target="_blank">lawsuit</a> for copyright infringement. They negotiated joint use patent-sharing agreements with Apple, then took Franklin <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9212555/renaissance1985/" target="_blank">public</a> in 1985 and manufactured Ace 2000 computers, compatible with Apple software. The company also spun off Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc., which made electronic Bibles. As of <a href="https://www.ias.edu/press-releases/institute-advanced-study-appoints-james-simons-board-trustees" target="_blank">2002 Simons</a> was still a director of Franklin Electronic Publishers, as well as on the boards of Numar Corporation, Cylink Corporation,
Segue Corporation, and Kentek Information Systems. He was also named as "founder and director of the <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/897547/000095015299007750/0000950152-99-007750-d4.pdf" target="_blank">Sanford Group</a>, an industrial holding company in South
America." Two years earlier, it was <a href="http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article.aspx?articleID=1028172&single=true#.WNFSl6LauMo" target="_blank">reported</a>, RenTec's Medallion Fund "made a killing in the volatile oil futures market," but a mortgage-backed derivatives fund he backed "in 1995 swooned after two fine years."<br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Speech Recognition in Quantitative Finance</span></span></b></i><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ULyN4q2XA52n_cEU7EDgGaVRVHVPpY426f9o8AEzBR25ualrPbWjBINi9ykT1CUrPrn8PEELYqR7JNwSoqNKSyHI3v3QNKklpNR06CGfh8fdYMO-Lg_hXP_rGSr_-xPJVPriFawsD6rg/s1600/robert_mercer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ULyN4q2XA52n_cEU7EDgGaVRVHVPpY426f9o8AEzBR25ualrPbWjBINi9ykT1CUrPrn8PEELYqR7JNwSoqNKSyHI3v3QNKklpNR06CGfh8fdYMO-Lg_hXP_rGSr_-xPJVPriFawsD6rg/s200/robert_mercer.jpg" width="158" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_page.php?id=6849" target="_blank">Mercer at IBM</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1984 the New York Times <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/07/nyregion/research-team-at-ibm-develops-a-new-computer.html?pagewanted=all" target="_blank">mentioned "Bob" Mercer</a>
as part of a team lead by Fred Jelinek of Briarcliff Manor, developers
of an office computer which could recognize and display words spoken into it.
Jelinek had left a full electrical engineering professorship at Cornell
in 1972 to lead the team of physicists, electrical engineers and
computer scientists, who accumulated data, which was "statistically
analyzed to predict patterns in the ways words are used and
pronounced.... The team's goal was continuous speech recognition in what
experts in the
field call ''real time.'' That is, team members worked to produce a
machine that could process and immediately display sequences of words
and sentences as they are normally spoken."<br />
<br />
The article gave a brief
biographical summary of Jelinek, who was Mercer's boss at IBM:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div itemprop="articleBody">
<span style="color: #666666;">Mr. Jelinek came to the United States with his
mother and sister in 1949, at the age of 17, having lost his father in a
concentration camp. Although he had wanted to become a trial lawyer in
Czechoslovakia, he now had to cope with a new language and decided to
study electrical engineering. After completing the last six months of
high school, he spent four years at City College in New York City,
attending classes at night and working during the day to help support
his family as a lab assistant for a small manufacturer of transformers
for fluorescent lights. A turning point came for him when a group called the
Mid-European Studies Center awarded him a full scholarship to the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He remained at M.I.T. to pursue a
doctorate in electrical engineering, becoming an instructor there as
well as a lecturer at Harvard University. In the last year of his
doctoral program at M.I.T. he audited courses taught by Noam Chomsky,
the renowned linguist....</span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS2WJmQR748PTvnT50yQUBMZxPmCBEjB5b45baTTVXeS3gjn7UbYEHEVRwrmUVSBzV_vdhB0_MbPZgWpvMynla8VkR3GCdP1E_IRKYB_yeBrrOU5IwLTXlDvi5F11n5aElShZ12uICEelg/s1600/IBM.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS2WJmQR748PTvnT50yQUBMZxPmCBEjB5b45baTTVXeS3gjn7UbYEHEVRwrmUVSBzV_vdhB0_MbPZgWpvMynla8VkR3GCdP1E_IRKYB_yeBrrOU5IwLTXlDvi5F11n5aElShZ12uICEelg/s320/IBM.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scott Patterson, <i>Quants: ...New Breed of Math Whizzes, 114</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
<span style="color: #666666;">The continuous-speech recognition team, with Dr. Jelinek as manager,
consists of four groups headed by <a href="https://www.ece.illinois.edu/alumni/awards/awardee/97-bahl" target="_blank">Lalit Bahl</a> and Bob Mercer, both of
Yorktown Heights, Ken Davies of Croton and Gideon Shichman, who commutes
from Manhattan.</span></div>
</blockquote>
More than one IBM official, including Mercer and Peter Brown would leave in 1993 to work for Renaissance Technologies, and <a href="http://epchan.blogspot.com/2010/05/quants.html" target="_blank">Bahl</a> would soon follow them. In time, according to Scott Patterson, author of <i>The Quants: How a New Breed of Math Whizzes </i><i><span class="st">Conquered Wall Street and Nearly Destroyed It</span>, </i>Mercer
was known as the "big gun." Patterson quoted one of the analyst/
traders, a former cryptographer, who said speech
recognition training (referred to by financial experts as "<a href="http://wombletradesecrets.blogspot.com/2007/06/20-million-settlement-in-hedge-fund.html" target="_blank">statistical arbitrage</a> and quantitative finance") gave Renaissance's Medallion Fund enough of an advantage to liken it to "being the house player at a casino. You have a small edge on every bet, and you have to know how to handle that." (p. 115)<br />
<br />
IBM clearly did not have the iron-clad non-compete employment contracts that Simons implemented at RenTec. When two
RenTec physicists--Pavel Volfbeyn and Alexander
Belopolsky--tried to leave their jobs for <a href="http://www.arezzotrade.com/wall_street.php" target="_blank">another hedge fund</a>, RenTec wasted no time suing for <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/cae9f016-1eca-11dc-bc22-000b5df10621" target="_blank">intending to violate</a> its trade secrets. The physicists alleged in a
court pleading that they left RenTec because it
engaged in illegal trades "involving swap transactions, which they
describe[d] as '<a href="http://infoproc.blogspot.com/2007/07/algorithm-wars.html" target="_blank">a massive scam</a>' ... [which] violated U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission and National Association of
Securities Dealers rules governing short sales." To escape the lawsuit, Millenium managed by <a href="http://observer.com/2009/05/alexander-belopolsky-billionaire-jim-simons-old-foe-gets-5-m-condo/" target="_blank">Israel Englander</a>, the Defendant hedge fund which hired them, paid $20 million to RenTec and fired Volfbeyn and Belopolsky, who remained as defendants--a dire warning designed to prevent similar exits or accusations.<br />
<br />
After the 2008 collapse of the housing market, <a href="https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/migrated/20081113120509.pdf" target="_blank">Simons testified </a>before Congress, citing his credentials and negating claims that had been made by the former employees. He explained what his company did as follows: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Renaissance,
an SEC-registered Investment Adviser since 1998, manages what are
termed quantitative funds -- funds whose trading is determined by
mathematical formulas designed to predict market behavior. Individual
trades are generated by computers, based on work continually developed
by our researchers. Naturally, human beings carefully monitor the trade
execution process, making sure that all parts of the system are behaving
properly. We operate in only highly liquid, publicly listed securities,
such as stocks, bonds, currencies, and commodities, and do this on
exchanges throughout the world. This means, for example, that we do not
trade in credit default swaps or collateralized debt obligations,
neither of which satisfies the above criteria. In the stock trading of
our Medallion Fund, we hold balanced portfolios in each
country, i.e., portfolios very close to being equally long and short. Our
trading models tend to buy stocks that are recently out favor and sell
those recently in favor.</span></blockquote>
Simons retired in 2009, and Robert Mercer replaced him. A <a href="http://www.zerohedge.com/article/time-revisit-rentecs-allegedly-illegal-dark-pool-limit-order-and-swap-transaction-strategies" target="_blank">piece</a> in 2009 for <i>Zero Hedge</i>--"Time
To Revisit RenTec's Allegedly Illegal Dark Pool, Limit Order and Swap
Transaction Strategies"--points toward Renaissance <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-05/simons-s-renaissance-technologies-equity-fund-rose-4-6-in-june" target="_blank">quantitative equity hedge funds</a>
as the ultimate in a banker's wet dream. Just as much of last century's
science and technology spy gadgets and remote viewing experiments were
designed to accomplish a sure-fire way to make money in the stock
market, Renaissance now hires hundreds of geeky PhD's to do the same thing for its highly secretive funds. A <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-21/how-renaissance-s-medallion-fund-became-finance-s-blackest-box" target="_blank">Bloomberg Markets article</a> called one of RenTec's funds "the commercial version of the Manhattan Project," because of its secrecy. The confidential oath that employees sign makes it impossible for them to ever work for anyone else.<br />
<br />
The next segment will explore how Renaissance Technologies used its math wizards to make money--effectively monetizing mathematics by crossing over into the fields of marketing, advertising, and even politics.<br />
<br />
Computational physics has become the new magic wealth-creating formula that <a href="http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2015/mar/20/new-us-philanthropy-group-picks-physicist-as-boss" target="_blank">philanthropists</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZBLSjF56S8" target="_blank">prime ministers</a> and even mobsters (like <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZBLSjF56S8" target="_blank">Felix Sater</a>) now seek.<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-88039980968049426932017-03-08T14:42:00.001-06:002017-03-14T14:27:55.514-05:00Remembering the Harken MoneySpectators of world political events, like the denizens of Plato's cave, are often unaware of what was really happening in what is now being
referred to as "the deep state," as their attention is always drawn to the shadows moving across the cave's wall.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilMqg2E4rJhyNuBnkAsytkniSrpWeWd5Qh1b-N-W5oY2DbO_5_U7o4Pe2lDyg-DrhVZcSnvsEP7DItPczC-1f5vUS-xJhYT_aEqIjzEcQGe7jWCQAgizuaqllZppOA8FnrfZ-lsdEN1WbH/s1600/the+cave.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="369" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilMqg2E4rJhyNuBnkAsytkniSrpWeWd5Qh1b-N-W5oY2DbO_5_U7o4Pe2lDyg-DrhVZcSnvsEP7DItPczC-1f5vUS-xJhYT_aEqIjzEcQGe7jWCQAgizuaqllZppOA8FnrfZ-lsdEN1WbH/s640/the+cave.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
The deep state has been defined by one writer as the "<a href="http://thedailyblog.co.nz/2015/10/28/palace-coup-shocking-new-revelations-about-the-1975-dismissal-of-gough-whitlams-labour-government/" target="_blank">unelected power structures</a>" within the official state. I once referred to such power figures as vassals, those men in a<span class="oneClick-link"></span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">feudal</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">system who receive blessings from the ruler in power in return for </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">rendering</span> <span class="oneClick-link">homage,</span> <span class="oneClick-link">fealty,</span> <span class="oneClick-link">and</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">usually</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">military</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">service</span> <span class="oneClick-link">or</span> <span class="oneClick-link">its</span> <span class="oneClick-link">equivalent</span> <span class="oneClick-link">to</span> <span class="oneClick-link">a</span> <span class="oneClick-link">lord</span> <span class="oneClick-link">or</span> <span class="oneClick-link">other</span> <span class="oneClick-link">superior. Unlike feudal times, however, today it seems to be the vassal who gives the ruler his power within a democratic, without which the vassal could not prevent the loss of his own personal wealth. </span><br />
<span class="oneClick-link"><br /></span>
<span class="oneClick-link">In order to exist, the deep state must have secrecy. The vassals who manipulate their appointed rulers can only operate as long as their strings are hidden from sight.</span><br />
<span class="oneClick-link"><br /></span>
<span class="oneClick-link">With this lesson in mind, this blog shares with its reader an excellent research article written in 1991 by investigative journalist David Armstrong, who also wrote a shorter summary of some of the events mentioned, which appeared the same year in the Texas Observer.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;">Z Magazine/November 1991</span></b></i></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
GLOBAL ENTANGLEMENTS: </h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF A TEXAS OIL CO.</h3>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
By <a href="http://tel1winner.com/demo/search/index.php?video=XI1Zyc2FbkY&tag=The-United-States-and-Iran-The-Secret-History-Part-Three-Carter-s-Bargain-pt-3&a=view" target="_blank">David Armstrong</a></h4>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Transcribed by Nuriya Janss</div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGPqDeuuzX80Ed5Gu9CuP0sF5uv1HY6DKdpHuaujUvlC5X_wTOBTQUJwE29iTDTnOsmA19in7z2tdnTmexyid_EF0YehF5qkgzS-T0RKbdnLiykVgqe9HSVvVHKDnS6v-groSrx5CNXdU-/s1600/David+Armstrong2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGPqDeuuzX80Ed5Gu9CuP0sF5uv1HY6DKdpHuaujUvlC5X_wTOBTQUJwE29iTDTnOsmA19in7z2tdnTmexyid_EF0YehF5qkgzS-T0RKbdnLiykVgqe9HSVvVHKDnS6v-groSrx5CNXdU-/s200/David+Armstrong2.jpg" width="186" /></a>A map of the Persian Gulf emirate of Bahrain dominates the lobby of Harken Energy Corporation's modest Grand Prairie, Texas headquarters. It is a potent image, a totem of sorts to the tiny island nation and the vast mineral wealth Harken hopes to extract from its shores.<br />
<br />
Despite the emphasis Harken places in this oil-rich sheikdom, however, a more appropriate corporate symbol might well be a map of the earth. For Harken is truly a global enterprise. Its interests and influence extend worldwide. Its financial ties to some of the richest and most powerful men on the planet belie the image of a struggling small oil company.<br />
<br />
Among the many noteworthy figures associated with Harken are:<br />
<ul>
<li>George W. Bush, eldest son of the president; </li>
<li>the billionaire Bass brothers* of Fort Worth, Texas, who will finance Harken's Bahrain expedition; </li>
<li>a South African tobacco, liquor, and natural resources magnate; and </li>
<li>a prominent attorney with ties to former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos. </li>
</ul>
In addition, Harken has numerous ties to institutions involved in gun running, drug smuggling, foreign currency manipulation, the alleged looting of foreign treasuries, and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency-assisted destabilization of the Australian government. (See "<a href="http://archives.texasobserver.org/issue/1991/07/26#page=12" target="_blank">Oil in the Family," Texas Observer</a>, July 1991.) <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr1EL8z4UNRssxSfSR8tzAeL0QwDX7dFB8DV3i78wj0JqDhkrKJ6jQiWnmHBfHmc0-UWqSV5ue5diUKTIkUEXueH8MEZZX1kjW5BZutbUgTNILMNrfmItsHetR_-732oarBPQPtA_zKd9n/s1600/Texas+Observer_1991.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr1EL8z4UNRssxSfSR8tzAeL0QwDX7dFB8DV3i78wj0JqDhkrKJ6jQiWnmHBfHmc0-UWqSV5ue5diUKTIkUEXueH8MEZZX1kjW5BZutbUgTNILMNrfmItsHetR_-732oarBPQPtA_zKd9n/s640/Texas+Observer_1991.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://archives.texasobserver.org/issue/1991/07/26#page=12" target="_blank">Texas Observer archives</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
While there is no evidence of wrongdoing on Harken's part, it is clear the company has benefited from these relationships. More importantly, Harken and its associates have repeatedly profited from American intervention in foreign affairs. And it is here that the company's true significance becomes apparent: For if nothing else, Harken offers a fascinating case study in how U.S. foreign policy is shaped by (and for) multinational corporate interests.<br />
<br />
HUMBLE BEGINNINGS<br />
<br />
Harken began inauspiciously enough as a two-person venture headed by Phil Kendrick, Jr. and Harry L. Mulligan. Kendrick and Mulligan (the Harry and Kendrick from whom the company derives its name) first met in the trenches of Wall Street while serving as account executives for the investment banking firm of White Weld & Co. Kendrick had grown up in the oil field of Texas, where his father, Phil Sr., founded the Abilene-based Kendrick Oil Company in 1913. After graduating from the University of Texas in 1950, young Kendrick joined the family business, and remained an active partner until selling the company during the oil bust of the mid-1960s.<br />
<br />
Kendrick had oil in his blood, however, and always knew he'd return to the industry. "I went to New York for the specific purpose of learning all I could [about finance] while the oil business was so dead and would be hopefully knowledgeable when the time was right for it to come back again," he told the Observer. By 1973, he'd decided the time had come and called his friend Harry Mulligan to inform him of his decision. "I told Mr. Mulligan I was going back in the oil business and he said, well, he was sick and tired of the brokerage business and could he go with me," Kendrick recalled. "I said, 'If you want to, I'd be glad to have you. I always need someone to help raise money.' "<br />
<br />
Harken was incorporated in California July 18, 1973. Its original offices were located in Pasadena, California and New Haven, Connecticut, where Kendrick and Mulligan had settled while working for White Weld & Co. By the end of 1974, the company had relocated to Kendrick's native Abilene. Harken grew steadily, if slowly, over the next five years, adding employees and participating in the exploration of more than 300 wells, primarily in Texas and Oklahoma. it was not until 1979, however, that the company's first truly big break came along.<br />
<br />
BUYING THE FARM<br />
<br />
Phil Kendrick's quest for oil knew virtually no bounds. While Harken continued sinking holes in the Oil Patch, Kendrick kept one eye on other prospects. "I had always been interested in Australia and always intended to get into the Australia play," Kendrick said. "I'd read and studied the Australian situation for numerous years....It's a very large, unexplored country with a lot of area to find oil and gas."<br />
<br />
Before Harken, or any other company, could explore Down Under, however, there was one major obstacle to be overcome--the Australian government. In 1972, the citizens of Australia elected a progressive Labour Party government for the first time in 23 years. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, the new government launched an ambitious program of reforms unlike any the country had ever seen. As Mother Jones reported in 1984, "In its first 100 days in office, the new<br />
Labour government recognized the People's Republic of China; abolished racial criteria from immigration policy;... banned all-white South African sporting teams; conceded land to the<br />
Aboriginals; promoted equal pay for women; added contraceptives to the list of federally subsidized drugs; outlawed the killing of endangered species; announced plans for a free national health service; posted a government reward for the best national anthem to replace 'God Save the Queen'; and withdrew all Australian forces from Vietnam."<br />
<br />
While these policies raised hackles in Washington, DC, business leaders were livid over Australia's new energy program. Whitlam's minister for minerals and energy was Reginald Francis Xavier Connor, nicknamed "The Strangler" for the time he'd grabbed a nosy reporter in a headlock. In his new post, Connor oversaw the management of Australia's bounteous natural resources: iron ore, bauxite, lead, coal, nickel, copper, manganese, silver, tin, uranium, and, of course, oil. Connor's vision was of a self-sufficient Australia, richer and stronger than the United States, applying modern technology to the country's untapped resources. More importantly, he advocated 100 percent Australian ownership of his nation's fuels and minerals, including oil and gas, a proposal that curried no favor in the boardrooms of multinational corporations. "The Labour government," Kendrick said, "made it impossible for anyone other than Australians to explore for oil and gas. And so all of the American companies pulled out and even the Australian companies dropped their leases. They just made it impossible. With the taxation and rules and regulations, etc., no one could possibly operate<br />
under the political climate at that time."<br />
<br />
As the Labour government's term in office wore on, investment from the United States, Europe, and Japan evaporated. While this was in part due to the worldwide recession of the period, Connor rightly assumed he was the target of an economic boycott. In 1975, faced with mounting inflation, unemployment, and popular discontent, Connor turned to his fellow cabinet ministers for the authority to raise the $4 billion he needed to regain control of Australia's economy and natural resources, or as he put it, "buy back the farm." Connor's plan was approved, and within weeks he<br />
was introduced to a middle-aged Pakistani commodities dealer who claimed he could obtain the loans for Connor at extremely attractive rates. What Connor didn't know, but should have, was that the commodities trader, Tirath Khemlani, was a well-known hustler with a long history of shady associations. As details of the loan arrangements and Khemlani's ties to international arms traffickers dribbled out, Connor was forced from office.<br />
<br />
With the Labour government still reeling from the scandal, a coalition of conservative parties huddled with their lawyers to discuss plans for ridding themselves of Whitlam and his policies once and for all. Upon close scrutiny of the Australian constitution, the conservatives reasoned that the governor general, a representative to the queen of England, could, at least in theory, dismiss and entire government with the stroke of a pen. All that was needed, they argued, was the appropriate crisis. <br />
The "Loans Affair," as it became known, was made to order.<br />
<br />
The office of governor general is a formal relic from Australia's colonial past. The post was entirely nominal, appointed by the prime minister and traditionally filled by an elder statesman, whose primary responsibilities included attendance at the funerals of foreign dignitaries and state balls. But the governor general is also tasked with "advising" the queen to commission the leader of the ruling party as prime minister. The queen, of course, never declines. But what, the conservatives wondered, would happen if the governing party were unable to pass its annual budget? Could the governor general then declare them unable to rule and install the opposition party as a caretaker government in their place? The conservatives believed he could, and set about putting their plan in motion. Citing the Loans Affair as evidence of mismanagement, the conservatives blocked the Labour budget proposal. Before the Labour government could act, Governor General Sir John Kerr canceled Whitlam's commission. Thus for the first time in modern Australian history, a "queen's representative" had dismissed a constitutionally elected national government in what has become known as "the Constitutional Coup." Although an election was held several weeks later, Whitlam's supporters were apparently not prepared to wage a constitutional revolution, as the conservatives were swept into office.<br />
<br />
MEANWHILE, BACK IN THE STATES<br />
<br />
Labour's defeat was good news indeed for Phil Kendrick. "When the conservative government won the election," he said, "they then changed all the rules and regulations and laws and made it attractive to acquired acreage [for exploration]. If that hadn't happened, nobody ever could have gone back in there. That was crucial."<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">In this newly attractive business climate, Kendrick began looking for Australian investments. He eventually discovered a small Canadian firm known as <i>Coral Reef Petroleum, Inc</i>.,
which, through its subsidiary Earth Energy, Inc., owned the prospecting
rights to approximately 35 million acres of Australian oil and gas
lands. Kendrick jumped at the opportunity and Harken purchased the
companies in exchange for stock, along with their Australian assets. By
the time the deal was completed a year later, Harken, in conjunction
with a consortium of companies headed by Esso Exploration and Production
Australia, Inc., a subsidiary of Exxon Corporation, controlled the
exploration rights to nearly 50 million acres of prime oil and gas
drilling territory in Queensland, Australia.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">By
1983, there were 13 discoveries made on Harken's Australian properties.
Before production began and the money started rolling in, however,
Kendrick and Mulligan sold their interest in Harken to a <i>group of East Coast investors</i> with virtually no experience in the oil business. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Uncomfortable
with the notion of a wildcat prospect half a world away, Harken's new
owners sold the company's Australian holdings for the security of a sure
thing. "As I recall," Kendrick said, "they sold our Australian
subsidiary for $4 million cash. So that turned out to be profitable, but
not nearly as profitable as it would have been if they'd kept the
property. There's now a tremendous amount of production on those
properties."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Harken
and its investors, no doubt, believed they had simply capitalized on an
attractive business venture. Whether they realized it or not, however,
they had been the beneficiaries of an intelligence operation perpetrated
against the Australian government....</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">When
Harry Mulligan and Phil Kendrick sold their stake in Harken in 1983,
they were bought out by a group of investors headed by New York attorney
Alan G. Quasha. Quasha, a partner in the firm of Quasha Wessely
& Schneider, shelled out $250,000 for 100,000 shares of the
company. The remaining <i>10 investors</i>, including <i>Quasha's brother, Wayne, a member of their father's Philippines law firm</i>,
paid $775,000 for 310,000 shares. Kendrick, however, recalls being
perplexed by the deal. "I never could understand why Alan Quasha wanted
to buy an oil and gas company at a time when he knew nothing about oil
and gas and especially at a time when everything was beginning to go
downhill and fall apart," Kendrick said. It was not the last time
Kendrick would be surprised....</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Curious
as Quasha's activities may have been, individuals whom he brought to
Harken have also raised eyebrows. Quasha, who now sits on Harken's
board, is also a director of <i>North American Resources, Ltd. (NAR), a British Virgin Islands</i>
company and Harken's second-largest stockholder. According to Harken's
proxy statement, NAR is a partnership between the Quasha family and the <i>Richemont Group Limited</i>, a publicly traded Swiss company controlled by South African billionaire <i>Anthony E. "Anton" Rupert</i>. Rupert, through his companies, Richemont and the South African-based <i>Rembrandt Group</i>, controls such well-known enterprises as <i>Rothmans International</i>, manufacturers of Dunhill cigarettes, luxury-jewelry retailer Cartier International, and MontBlanc pens.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">NAR
is also the parent company of Intercontinental Mining and Resources
Limited (IMR), another major Harken stockholder. IMR "and its
affiliates" also own large stakes in two Harken subsidiaries, according
to Harken's proxy.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Quasha's
most interesting affiliation, however, is not financial but familial.
Quasha's father, William Howard Quasha, is a powerful Philippines
attorney with some interesting associations of his own. The senior
Quasha, the only U.S. attorney licensed to practice in the Philippines,
has numerous ties to individuals involved in Australia's infamous Nugan
Hand Bank, an institution utilized by CIA officers Theodore Shackley and
Thomas Clines of Iran-contra fame, along with their subordinate Edwin
Wilson (who is currently imprisoned for selling plastic explosives to
Libya), to fund a variety of covert operations, including the
destabilization of Gough Whitlam's Labour government in 1975. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Australian government investigations during the <i>late 1970s and early 1980s</i>
also revealed Nugan Hand's involvement in gun running, drug-money
laundering, and close ties to the U.S. military and intelligence
communities. <i>The scandal-ridden bank collapsed in June 1980</i>, six
months after its co-founder, Frank Nugan, was found shot to death in his
Mercedes Benz 90 miles outside of Sydney. Found on Nugan's body was the
calling card of his attorney--former CIA director William Colby.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">In <i>April 1980</i>,
as Australian government investigators closed in on Nugan Hand, the
co-administrators of the bank's Manila offices, U.S. Gen. LeRoy J. Manor
and British subject Wilfred Gregory, turned to their lawyer, William
Quasha, for advice. In addition to his duties with Nugan Hand, Manor was
chief of staff for the U.S. Pacific Command and the U.S. government
liaison with Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Gregory was Nugan
Hand's original representative in the Philippines and a personal friend
of Marcos's brother-in-law, <i>Ludwig Peter Rocka</i>, whose family
deposited $3.5 million in the bank. Gregory has stated that Manor's
decision to flee to the Philippines to avoid imprisonment was inspired
by a conversation with Quasha. Gregory says Quasha "arranged for Manor
to leave the country," according to <a href="https://archive.org/details/KwitnyTheCrimesOfPatriotsATrueTaleOfDopeDirtyMoneyAndTheCIAIranContraScandal1987_201605" target="_blank"><i>The Crimes of Patriots</i>.</a> "He told me to go too. He said, 'You could wind up in jail.' "</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Manor,
however, denies ever receiving legal counsel from Quasha. He says he
knew Quasha only through their work with the Boy Scouts of America. "I
didn't deal with him in that regard,<br />professionally," Manor told the <i>Texas Observer</i>.
"I knew him in the Scouts and I knew him somewhat socially." Quasha,
however, acknowledges counseling both Manor AND Gregory, but says that<br />attorney-client
privilege prevents him from saying whether he told them they faced
possible imprisonment, or whether he advised Manor to leave the
Philippines. "[Gen. Manor] had a problem here and I handled his work,"
Quasha said. "I don't discuss clients' business."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">What
Quasha WILL discuss is that he had additional dealings with Gregory. "I
did a little emigration work for [him]," Quasha said. "Now that may
have been paid for by the firm [Nugan Hand], but I billed him."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">William
Quasha's ties to Nugan Hand do not end there, however. The bank's
president, retired Adm. Earl "Bud" Yates, says he met Quasha on "maybe
two occasions" during social functions in the Philippines. Although
Yates cannot recall who introduced them, Quasha says it was Gen. Manor.
Quasha also says he was introduced to Nugan Hand cofounder Frank Nugan.
"I met him at a social affair as well," Quasha said. Asked whether Frank
Nugan had been involved in his meeting with Yates, Quasha replied, "I'm
not prepared to say."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Even more intriguingly, the Thailand offices of William Quasha's law firm,<i> Quasha Asperilla Ancheta Pena & Nolasco,</i>
are in the same Bangkok building that Nugan Hand occupied. In fact,
when the bank held a gathering of its newly expanded staff in <i>January 1978</i>, the chosen venue for the three-day affair was this same <i>Dusit Thani Building</i>.
Quasha says he was unaware of the bank's presence in the building. "We
have had an office in Bangkok since that building was erected," Quasha
said. "That was 23 years ago and there are many, many tenants in that
building. I never even knew that that company that you mentioned [Nugan
Hand] had an office in that building."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Quasha
insists that he never had any dealings with Nugan Hand directly. "I'm
not at liberty to tell you why, but it would have represented a conflict
of interest," he said. "I represent an insurance company that had a
claim against them [Nugan Hand]. I'm not prepared to give details, but
it would have precluded, in any event, my ever representing them." Asked
why this conflict did not prevent him from counseling either Manor or
Gregory, Quasha replied: "My counselling of Gen. Manor and Mr. Gregory
were regarded as personal. I did not see this [as] a conflict of
interest. Besides, I had started advising them before I learned about
this conflict between our client and Nugan."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">In
a 1982 interview with the Wall Street Journal, William Quasha's client,
Wilf Gregory, called Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos "the best
thing that ever happened to the Philippines since it was discovered by
the Spanish.... The Marcoses are bringing the simple things to people
that you and I take for granted." Although not quite as blunt about it,
Quasha has also expressed his admiration and support for Marcos.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">At
the height of the "People's Power" revolution that eventually toppled
Marcos and his bloody regime in early 1986, Quasha and his American
business associates in the Philippines were getting edgy. "What we
worried about, and it has come to pass, were two things," Quasha said.
"Number one was the loss of American bases. We knew that as long as
Marcos was there the bases were safe. And the second thing we worried
about was the growth of communism in the Philippines." Quasha feared
that if presidential candidate Corazon Aquino took power, "we'd have
trouble with the communists. It was the opinion of all responsible
Americans in the American Chamber of Commerce," Quasha<br />said.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">When
Marcos was openly accused of stealing the election, Quasha fired off a
telegram to Republican Congressperson Dan Burton of Indiana, urging the
United States not to intervene on Aquino's behalf. Calling the election
"the least dishonest and least bloody" since the independence of the
Philippines, Quasha warned Congress against prejudging the situation
based on the "spate of distorted reports" in the media. Quasha also
indicated that at least 40 U.S. business people in Manila, including the<br />Philippine
head of Proctor & Gamble, shared his view. Burton later read
the cable on the floor of the House, stating that in two days time,
Quasha and his U.S. business associates would produce evidence of as
many as 50 cases of alleged vote fraud perpetrated by the Aquino forces.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">When
new of Quasha's telegram reached the Philippines, it sparked a rash of
angry denials. The Philippines branch of the American Chamber of
Commerce issued a public disavowal of Quasha <br />and his views. "The
American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, representing some 500
members, unequivocally disassociates the chamber from the statements of
attorney William H. Quasha, as reported in the press, regarding the
recent elections," the Chamber wrote in a public statement that appeared
in the Manila press. "The AMCHAM board deplores the partisan approach
taken by attorney Quasha, which is contrary to AMCHAM policy. The AMCHAM
board has no knowledge of 40 chamber members supporting Quasha's
views."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Quasha,
however, insists that the chamber sanctioned the cable from the
beginning. "I had signed the thing, but it was not anything to do with
trying to influence public opinion in the Philippines," Quasha said. "It
was sent at the request of the American Chamber of Commerce." According
to Quasha, the chamber only backed away from the statements when the
negative consequences of their pro-Marcos stand became apparent. "These
guys got all excited because their names were in the paper," Quasha
said. "The head of Proctor & Gamble had a hemorrhage because he
thought that Cory [Aquino] would boycott his company."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">"We
had information that there was funny business on both sides of [the
election]," Quasha said. "They [Aquino's supporters] had agents out
buying votes.... What we wanted was for America to keep her hands off
this election, which she had no business involving herself in."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">The
controversy eventually became serious enough that it caught the
attention of the U.S. government. On the day the chamber's denouncement
of Quasha appeared in the press, an unidentified U.S. embassy official
contacted Washington, DC. In a now-declassified State Department
memorandum, the unidentified embassy official stated, "The Quasha letter
is a wildcard thrown out on the table by men whose lives and fortunes
revolve on relationships with the Marcos government."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">That
view was substantiated a few days later when the debate spilled over
into Congress. During a session of the House Subcommittee on Asian and
Pacific Affairs, Rep. Burton reiterated Quasha's remarks. That,
according to Stanley Roth, staff director of the subcommittee, sparked a
lively exchange between Burton and the subcommittee's chair, New York
Democrat Stephen Solarz. <br />"He [Quasha] was one of the only pro-Marcos
voices heard during the People's Power revolution," Roth said. "It got
into a little flap at our hearing because we found out that this guy
worked at<br />a law firm that included [the] Marcos [family]. So we pointed out that this guy wasn't exactly a neutral person."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">In
fact, listed as a member of Quasha's firm is one "Mariano P. Marcos
(1937-1985)," exactly the same name as Ferdinand Marcos's father, a
lawyer, who was stoned to death during World War II for collaborating
with the Japanese. Quasha says the Mariano P. Marcos in his firm died in
1985 and "was no relation to President Marcos," although he lived on
Mariano P. Marcos Street in metro Manila. Quasha calls this "very, very
coincidental."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Although
Quasha contends that he "was not benefited in any way during Marcos's
time," he openly admits his admiration for the Philippine dictator. "In
all, Marcos was never unkind to me personally," Quasha said. "Whenever I
went to see him on behalf of a client...he was quite friendly. And I
liked his man-to-man approach.... We had respect for each other."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Even
Quasha, however, grudgingly acknowledges Marcos's transgressions. "Now,
of course, we see what a crook he was," Quasha said, "but it was not
evident to the public eye [at the time]. Even after all this time, five
years, they still have not proven it. But certainly there's a lot of
evidence that he was robbing the country."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">THE SWISS CONNECTION </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Further
evidence of Marcos's malfeasance surfaced recently when a Philippine
official announced that the former dictator's body could be allowed into
the country for burial in exchange for $5 billion in gold allegedly
stolen from the nation and hidden in a Swiss bank. David Castro, chair
of a presidential commission charged with recovering funds Marcos
allegedly stole from the Filipino people, said the gold could be used as
evidence of Marcos wrongdoing during his 20-year-old rule, according to
the Los Angeles Times. Castro said Marcos deposited the gold, 325
tons, at the Union Bank of Switzerland. The bank denies the claim,
according to the Times.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Union
Bank is an institution with which Harken is well acquainted. In 1987,
Harken unveiled a $25-million stock offering through the securities firm
of Stephens, Inc. of Little Rock, Arkansas. Stephens placed the stock
with a Union Bank subsidiary in London. In October 1988, Business Week
reported that Union Bank held a 5.5 percent stake in Harken. The bank
later sold its Harken shares to a wealthy Saudi Arabian businessperson,
Abdullah Taha Bakhsh, who is now the company's third largest
stockholder.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">But
Union Bank's name also turned up in Australia's Constitutional Coup in
1975. The Loans Affair that brought down the Whitlam government first
erupted when a package of fake documents used to start the scandal was
sent off with a cover letter on Union Bank letterhead. "By the time the
opposition parliamentarians who received the package had turned its
contents over to the press, the signature had been torn off the letter,"
according to <i>The Crimes of Patriots</i>. "Even though the documents
were later exposed as bogus, their publication helped weaken and
ultimately destroy the Whitlam government."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Union
Bank's connection to Nugan Hand is not limited to the 1987 stock
purchase. Bernie Houghton, a secretive Texan described in <i>The Crimes of Patriots</i>
as "the mystery man of Nugan Hand [and] perhaps its most important
figure," was well acquainted with a traveling Union Bank official.
Houghton, who may actually have introduced Nugan Hand cofounder Frank
Nugan to his future partner, Green Beret war hero and CIA operative
Michael Jon Hand, introduced the Union Bank official to Nugan Hand
representatives in Asia, according to <i>The Crimes of Patriots</i>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Frank
Nugan himself also had dealings with Union Bank. After Nugan was found
shot to death in his car in January 1980, it was discovered that he had
forged the signature of New South Wales attorney general Frank Walker on
a letter to Union Bank, opening an account in Walker's name. At the
time, Walker was directing criminal fraud proceedings against Nugan and
his brother Ken (who was also charged with obstruction of justice and
embezzlement) for their role in a stock scandal involving the<br />family fruit business. "The only reason for writing such a letter," according to <i>The Crimes of Patriots</i>, "would be to try to frame Walker, to embarrass or blackmail him. But Walker says he<br />never heard about it until the letter was found after Nugan's death."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Union
Bank was also identified in congressional testimony as one of several
institutions that deliberately skirted Panamanian guidelines aimed at
curbing drug-money laundering. In an effort<br />to reduce this illegal
laundering activity, the Panamanian Bankers' Association in 1984
proposed a voluntary $5 million limit on the amount of U.S. currency
that any one bank could return to Panama. But in a deposition before
the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International
Operations in 1988, Amjad Awan, the former manager of the infamous Bank
of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) and deposed Panamanian
dictator Gen. Manuel Noriega's personal banker, stated Union Bank and
other Swiss banks deliberately avoided compliance with the restrictions
by chartering aircraft to fly currency out of the country.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Several
key Harken figures also have ties to Union Bank. William Quasha's son,
Alan, who sits on Harken's board, is also the chair of Frontier Oil and
Refining Co. of Denver, Colorado, where Harken President Mikel Faulkner
is a director. Frontier is controlled by Anton Rupert, the Quasha
family's partner in Harken. When Rupert acquired Frontier in a
leveraged buyout in 1988, he announced an $85 million "revolving credit
facility" with Union Bank of Switzerland, replacing all of the refiner's<br />previous "working capital facilities," according to National Petroleum News.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Faulkner
told the Texas Observer he was unaware of Union Bank's connections to
Nugan Hand. "No, I didn't know that," Faulkner said. Alan Quasha did
not return repeated phone calls. Anton Rupert did not respond to the
Observer's request for an interview.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">SLICK DEAL</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">When
Harken's $25 million stock offering was placed with Union Bank in 1987,
the transaction was handled by brothers David and Mike Edwards, account
managers with Stephens, Inc. (David Edwards had made headlines in the
late 1970s, when he blew the whistle on irregular foreign currency
transactions at Citibank in New York.) After leaving Stephens and
starting an investment<br />firm with his brother, David Edwards played a key role in landing the Bahrain deal for Harken.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">In
April 1989, Bahrain was looking for a company to explore its offshore
acreage. They employed the services of Michael Ameen, the American-born
son of Arab immigrants, who spent 22 years with the Arab American Oil
Co. (Aramco), the world's largest petroleum outfit, and 13 years running
Mobil Oil's Middle East operations. Edwards, an old friend of Ameen's,
put him in touch with Harken. After months of negotiations, Harken
signed a production-sharing agreement with Bahrain in January 1990. The
deal gives Harken the exclusive exploration, development, production,
transportation, and marketing rights to most of Bahrain's offshore oil
and gas reserves. The territories covered by the pact lie sandwiched
between the world's largest oil field, off the shore of Saudi Arabia,
and one of the biggest natural gas fields, off the shore of Qatar. Bass
Enterprises Production Co., the oil and gas exploration and development
arm of the <i>Fort Worth's billionaire Bass family</i>, will finance Harken's Bahrain venture in exchange for a cut of the profits.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">At
the time the deal was announced, oil industry analysts marveled at how
this virtually anonymous company had landed such a potentially valuable
concession. "This is an incredible deal, unbelievable for this small
company," Charles Strain, a Houston energy analyst told Forbes magazine
last September. Forbes, however, failed to point out Harken's powerful
political connections. Notably absent from the article was any reference
to President Bush's eldest son, George W. Bush Jr., who sits on
Harken's board of directors and is a $50,000-a-year "consultant" to the
company's chief executive officer. Bush, who is the managing general
partner of the Texas Rangers baseball club and frequently mentioned as a
future candidate for statewide office, also holds roughly $400,000 in
Harken stock. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">BEATING AROUND THE BUSH</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">George W. Bush Jr.'s involvement in Harken first came under scrutiny
last October when Houston Post investigative reporter Pete Brewton
discovered that the President's son had sold off much of his Harken
stock just weeks before Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990.
Within days of the invasion, the value of Harken shares dropped
dramatically, primarily due to fears that a war would jeopardize the
company's agreement with Bahrain. Even armed with the knowledge of the
Bush's transaction, however, Brewton could find no record of it on file
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">The mystery of the missing documents was finally resolved on April 4,
1991, when the Wall Street Journal reported that Bush had failed to
report the "insider" stock sale until March of this year, nearly eight
months after the federal deadline for disclosing such transactions.
According to the Journal, documents filed with the SEC indicate that on
June 22, 1990, Bush sold 212,140 shares of his Harken stock for $4 per
share. The sale represented 66 percent of Bush's holdings in the company
and raised<br />$848,560.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Bush sold his Harken shares at near top market value. Just one week
after Iraqi troops marched into Kuwait, for example, Harken traded for
just $3.03 per share, down nearly 25 percent from the price Bush
received for his shares seven weeks earlier. Until recently, Harken had
been trading for around $4 per share and had dropped as low a $1.12
during the past year. Over the past several weeks, Harken's stock has
fluctuated wildly, hitting an all-time high of $8.75 on July 28, before
settling back to a more realistic $6.63 the following day. Analysts
attribute the sudden price surge to Harken's plans to begin drilling its
first well in Bahrain in October.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Under SEC regulations, Bush should have reported the sale of his Harken
holdings by July 10, 1990. According to the Journal, however, Bush did
not disclose the transaction until the first week of March 1991. In the
past, the SEC has mounted civil suits against flagrant violators of
insider-trading rules, but such actions are uncommon. "The commission
can take a variety of actions in cases in which SEC filing rules are not
complied with," said Mary McCue, director of the SEC's Office of Public<br />Affairs.
"I don't want to speculate on actions because each case is analyzed
individually.... In fact, we neither confirm nor deny that
investigations are underway."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">President Bush did not return the Observer's phone calls. The White
House press office said it had "nothing to share" on the matter.<br /><br />OIL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">On a visit to Australia in 1982, former CIA director and then vice
president George Bush gave Labour Party leaders his personal assurance
that the CIA was not involved in either the Nugan Hand Bank scandal or
the destabilization of Gough Whitlam's government. But this was purely
subterfuge, for the CIA clearly DID engage in operations designed to
alter the course of Australia's domestic affairs, as it has so many
times, in so many countries, to the benefit of so many
multinationals--including Harken.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">But this should come as no surprise, really, for U.S. foreign policy is
driven by the interests of these multinationals. The fact that Harken
and its high-powered associates, for example, profited from the CIA's
activities in Australia, American support for Marcos in the Philippines,
and George Bush's<br />recent war in the Middle East, is not exceptional.
It is merely a crystalline example of the interrelation between U.S.
corporate and political interests. For Harken, unfortunately, is not the<br />exception, but the rule.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://archives.texasobserver.org/issue/1991/07/26#page=7" target="_blank">Texas Observer intern Tracy Shuford</a> provided research assistance for this story. </span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP7KPpDaP3rq_bD-JSS_wOM8iWW_vhBHQ_xEBKrZLuhO2whTiiU7Bc7cruextE3rMRYw8RJ1Ti4xD5-X8pi7hnwEmbDQyayeYeRSCNJVSuUhZlbGK1E5m0z-og4yYFYYBeGQb8ZzzvxPDc/s1600/1950+Sid+Richardson+-+Amon+Carter+-+Eisenhower.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP7KPpDaP3rq_bD-JSS_wOM8iWW_vhBHQ_xEBKrZLuhO2whTiiU7Bc7cruextE3rMRYw8RJ1Ti4xD5-X8pi7hnwEmbDQyayeYeRSCNJVSuUhZlbGK1E5m0z-og4yYFYYBeGQb8ZzzvxPDc/s200/1950+Sid+Richardson+-+Amon+Carter+-+Eisenhower.jpg" width="127" /></a> <span style="color: #444444;">* The <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/05/business/texas-deal-maker-robert-m-bass-a-younger-brother-steps-out-on-his-own.html?pagewanted=all" target="_blank">Bass Brothers</a> fortune dates back to Sid Williams Richardson, an
oilman and rancher born in 1891. Mr. Richardson was a lifelong bachelor
whose closest relative and sometime business partner was his only
nephew, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/02/business/02bass.html" target="_blank">Perry Bass</a>. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #444444;">When Mr. Richardson died in 1959, Perry Bass
maintained a share of his companies, and each of Perry's four sons
[<a href="http://nypost.com/2011/10/16/the-story-behind-sid-mercedes-bass-affair-marriage-and-surprising-split/" target="_blank">Sid</a>, <a href="https://alchetron.com/Lee-Bass-161736-W" target="_blank">Lee</a>, <a href="http://www.star-telegram.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/bud-kennedy/article97952922.html" target="_blank">Ed</a> and <a href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/54/biz_06rich400_Robert-Muse-Bass_RMXR.html" target="_blank">Robert</a>] inherited $2.8 million. In 1960, the sons combined their assets to form
Bass Brothers Enterprises. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #444444;">Perry Richardson Bass's wife, <a href="http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Fort-Worth-Philanthropist-Dies-at-95-194392931.html" target="_blank">Nancy</a>, is also deceased. </span><br />
<span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #444444;">Another blog related to Quixotic Joust contains an article written by the same author, Linda Minor about the Sid Richardson's influence in Texas as well as national politics. See "<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/03/wealth-vassal-to-power.html" target="_blank">Wealth--Vassal to Power</a>."</span></blockquote>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-43838704167131675402017-03-04T11:46:00.000-06:002019-03-15T10:36:19.675-05:00Who is Robert Mercer ... Really?<br />
We interrupt whatever trains of thought this blog has previously been following to report on what is actually happening today in the USA. Donald J. Trump became President of the United States on January 20, 2017 after a so-called election the previous November.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Renaissance Technologies, Inc.</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Trump's chief donor, Robert Mercer, began funding him "hugely" after Mercer's original favorite, Ted Cruz, dropped out of the race in July without endorsing the nominee at the Republican convention. Since then, investigative journalists have attempted to learn who this mysterious billionaire really is.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Mercer, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">"</span>had a short but notable career in computer science [as a]
brilliant programmer, [who] had played a significant role in developing
early language processing algorithms at IBM," before 1993, when </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">he was hired </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">by the venture capital firm created by his predecessors at Renaissance Technologies. </span></span>At Renaissance, we are told by </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/06/a-hedge-fund-house-divided-renaissance-technologies/" target="_blank">Open Secrets</a></span>, Mercer then "rose through the fund’s ranks, and was appointed co-CEO when Simons
retired from the position in 2009."</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzhU9RUAVifcXfIEiEfLwtkATw2beINZgFYPCk7MPbTywaoVKd2NfiW715U8hqgsZhu6MFyGiKaoq1q2pNyzxuBBfxURXwbLIpNG0L0dPC0BbVTKO-1DHtSzLSJSNeeV27wF8-rwI2b6Hw/s1600/Thomas+Turner+Mercer_military_naturalization_1943.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzhU9RUAVifcXfIEiEfLwtkATw2beINZgFYPCk7MPbTywaoVKd2NfiW715U8hqgsZhu6MFyGiKaoq1q2pNyzxuBBfxURXwbLIpNG0L0dPC0BbVTKO-1DHtSzLSJSNeeV27wF8-rwI2b6Hw/s400/Thomas+Turner+Mercer_military_naturalization_1943.jpg" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thomas Turner Mercer in 1943</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Robert Mercer's grandfather was Albert Alexander Mercer, born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England,
in 1884. He relocated to British Columbia with his brother, John William
Mercer, before 1911, the year Albert </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">met and married
Anna Lavinia Rogers, whose American-born parents had settled in Victoria in 1908. After her mother died in 1928, the families began making their way back to the United States, where Anna's brother, Felix A. Rogers, had been working in the lumbering industry at Port Angeles, between Tacoma and Bellingham, Washington. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Albert, who had been trained in pattern making and foundry work in England, left Victoria for </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tacoma, Washington</span></span> with his wife and children, including Robert's father, </span>Thomas Turner Mercer, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">then nine years old, </span></span>who had been born in </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">British Columbia in 1920.</span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">In 1942 Thomas married Virginia Mae Kidd, joined the Army Air Corps at Tacoma, and the following year </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">filed a petition </span>to become a U.S. citizen in Arizona where he was stationed (see inset document to the right and <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeU00wN2cxLThfXzA/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">obituary</a>).</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">After the war, Thomas and Virginia moved to California, where he obtained a bachelor's degree at San Jose State University near Santa Clara, some 30 miles south of Stanford University at Palo Alto. He worked as a bookkeeper for CB Hay Co., a bean threshing manufacturer during his studies at San Jose. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">The title of "health physicist" was listed with his name while he was at the University of Washington at Seattle in 1954, and the address he gave for the directory--<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/dir/''/4094+Union+Bay+Cir+NE,+Seattle,+WA+98105/@47.6580273,-122.2936323,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x5490149af0df662f:0x3e053d2d533305b5!2m2!1d-122.2892549!2d47.6580274" target="_blank">4094 Union Bay Circle</a>--takes us on google maps to the Douglas Research Conservatory, which today is within an isolated and fenced-off area of the campus, where the </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Society for Ecological Restoration meets. That building was named for <a href="http://www.gs.washington.edu/about/history/50years.html" target="_blank">Howard Douglas</a>, a microbiologist studying the genetics of yeast, who curiously took sabbaticals in Paris in the mid-1950s with another professor, <a href="http://www.genetics.org/content/genetics/126/1/1.full.pdf" target="_blank">Herschel Roman</a>. to study the effects of yeast. Yeast? As in the yeast that poisoned the village of </span>Pont St. Esprit near Paris in 1951? <span class="fn"><a href="http://www.voltairenet.org/article164447.html" target="_blank">Hank P. Albarelli Jr.</a> wrote a book about that incident, and others, in which the Central Intelligence Agency has been incriminated:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">The same scientists confirmed that following the Pont St. Esprit
experiment, Fort Detrick’s Special Operations Division returned to New
York City in 1956 to conduct experiments under Operations Big City and
Mad Hatter. These were covert projects that involved the <i>aerosol
spraying</i> of chemicals through the exhaust pipe of an automobile that was
driven by CIA and Army scientists around New York City. Prior to this,
in 1952 and 1953, smaller experiments were conducted within New York
subway cars by George Hunter White, a Federal Bureau of Narcotics agent
who secretly worked as a contractor for the CIA. On at least two
occasions, White detonated <i>specially devised aerosol devices filled with
LSD</i>. The CIA destroyed White’s written reports covering these
experiments in 1973. [emphasis added]</span></blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUgwCE2tkiOK-ZgxjBaqv1OKgX2PT9lokAGsEZp-mLDZmcLds4h5l7iZVoWbY07niNA1EWQ10pcE5B4hJ0KQjj9LFzB2wu7h5OTl7Js97YuhQslPjfZTnRKG6kbWvpaHlKsy35KU6sA-ye/s1600/Mercer+family.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUgwCE2tkiOK-ZgxjBaqv1OKgX2PT9lokAGsEZp-mLDZmcLds4h5l7iZVoWbY07niNA1EWQ10pcE5B4hJ0KQjj9LFzB2wu7h5OTl7Js97YuhQslPjfZTnRKG6kbWvpaHlKsy35KU6sA-ye/s200/Mercer+family.jpg" width="193" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Mercers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">I italicized the words in the above paragraph to emphasize the fact that Robert Mercer's father, Thomas Turner Mercer, was a graduate student in this department in the same years these "sabbaticals" occurred. Mercer had come to Seattle following his undergraduate studies in biology and chemistry at San Jose State. Once he received his bachelor's degree, Mercer moved to Seattle, where he had a position in this same department until 1955, where he became an expert in the field of <i>aerosol physics</i>!</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">What is going on here? We are talking about Dr. Thomas Turner Mercer, whose son, Robert (Renaissance Technologies) Mercer, billionaire, has been the largest donor of two different Republican candidates in the last election:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://thinkprogress.org/ted-cruz-climate-change-is-not-science-its-religion-70987f13959c#.td5q8l7n9" target="_blank">Ted Cruz</a>, who told us "Climate change is not science. It's religion."</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-trump-climate-science-agency-cuts-20170303-story.html" target="_blank">Donald Trump</a>, now President, who as I write seeks to "</span>slash one of the government's premier climate science agencies by 17 percent."</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">The Department of Energy has been funding studies on the environment for decades through grants to various universities <a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/90120T00.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1976%20Thru%201980&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C76THRU80%5CTXT%5C00000010%5C90120T00.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=7" target="_blank">listed in a 96-page document</a>
called "Transfer Abstracts of Fossil Fuel Related Health and
Environmental Effects Research Projects (1979)" which includes the
University of Washington in Seattle, the University of Rochester where
Mercer obtained his PhD and taught, as well as the Lovelace Foundation,
where he worked at the time his son Robert was a National Merit
Scholarship student at Sandia High School near Albuquerque. Yet these
government-funded studies appear to be attempting to transfer the
benefits gained into private industry rather than return them back to
the taxpayers who paid for the research.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEich7c0vNsHDImYdlJ0gWO6mg94P1LQr87zglWvBUpiA6d80NB5NLKJawRISFGJZ1V3m_sIoZshISlsJV_DdRrBZiRwchHCYaQ61bc-EzNHWS-0yVljNcc7yd71pFnVAYSQrSEFztnqdi-c/s1600/Lovelace.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEich7c0vNsHDImYdlJ0gWO6mg94P1LQr87zglWvBUpiA6d80NB5NLKJawRISFGJZ1V3m_sIoZshISlsJV_DdRrBZiRwchHCYaQ61bc-EzNHWS-0yVljNcc7yd71pFnVAYSQrSEFztnqdi-c/s200/Lovelace.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Report written by Dr. Thomas Mercer</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Robert Mercer no doubt acquired an interest in this subject from Dr. T. T. Mercer, who spent his career studying aerosol physics as evidenced by the following:</span><br />
<ul>
<li>"A study of some physical properties of an aerosol in relation to airborne decay products of radon" / by Thomas T. Mercer, published in Washington, D.C. by Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, 1957, completed: 11/8/56. An additional note states he was paid through a grant from "U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the University of Rochester,
administered by the Department of Radiation Biology of the School of
Medicine and Dentistry." A research study on the <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015095060151;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank">toxicity of radon</a> when inhaled, it was part of his PhD dissertation.</li>
<li>"Charging and precipitation characteristics of sub-micron particles in the Rohmann electrostatic particle separator," completed: 11/8/56 / by Thomas T. Mercer. Published by the same source in 1957, <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015095060169" target="_blank">this study</a> is too complicated for me to even categorize.</li>
<li><span content="Atmospheric monitoring for alpha emitters using molecular filter membranes / by Thomas T. Mercer., " href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" rel="dc:type">"Atmospheric monitoring for alpha emitters using molecular Filter Membranes," by Thomas T. </span> <span href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015095076991" rel="cc:attributionURL">Mercer - 1/4/54 - involves a <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015095076991;view=1up;seq=9;size=125" target="_blank">research study</a> of uranium and plutonium.</span></li>
<li><span href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015095076991" rel="cc:attributionURL">Similar studies published by Mercer in <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22thomas%20t.%20mercer%22&searchtype=all&ft=&setft=false" target="_blank">1972 and 1973</a>. </span></li>
<li><span href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015095076991" rel="cc:attributionURL">Thomas T. Mercer Joint Prize of the International Society for Aerosols
in Medicine and the American Association for Aerosol Research, for
Excellence in Pharmaceutical Aerosols and Inhalable Materials is an <a href="https://www.aaar.org/awards/annual-awards/thomas-t-mercer-joint-prize/" target="_blank">annual prize</a> created in 1995. </span></li>
<li><span href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015095076991" rel="cc:attributionURL">List of <a href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2008116138/" target="_blank">additional works</a> by Thomas Mercer and <a href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Mercer%2C%20Thomas%20T." target="_blank">others</a></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015095076991" rel="cc:attributionURL">Dated <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015095076934;view=1up;seq=3" target="_blank">10/15/53</a> </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Stephen K. Bannon</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Robert Mercer <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/features/2016-01-20/what-kind-of-man-spends-millions-to-elect-ted-cruz-" target="_blank">invested $10 million</a>
in Breitbart, according to an anonymous source cited by Bloomberg,
which also says Mercer put $11 million into Cruz's campaign. Bloomberg
created an <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bykt2zCHeGHeNFVtTTh1U25QVGs" target="_blank">instructive chart</a> showing the people and entities Mercer has been supporting, making him the man who has replaced <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/richard-mellon-scaife-billionaire-famous-for-attacks-against-bill-clinton-has-died/2014/07/04/9e2fcace-458c-11e3-bf0c-cebf37c6f484_story.html?utm_term=.a7f092cf61d0" target="_blank">Richard Mellon Scaife</a> as the chief funder of the "vast right-wing conspiracy" machine.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Breitbart recently published a piece by
<a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/02/27/delingpole-president-trump-must-not-wobble-climate-change-whatever-ivanka-says/" target="_blank">James Delingpole</a>, encouraging Trump to remain steadfast against anyone (the "Green Blob," he calls it) who claims climate change is manmade.</span><br />
<br />
What this leads us to is the project Stephen Bannon worked on for a time in California and Arizona called the Biosphere II, sponsored by Edwin Perry Bass, which we will explore subsequently.<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-11064505893612200922017-01-25T12:47:00.000-06:002017-01-25T12:47:14.887-06:00How Land Investment in Florida Helped Develop Pan Am Airways<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Bebe's Girl, Clare Gunn Rebozo Babcock Gentry</b></h3>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdMQw4k0FbTigdUDjdEWKe5R5LiVni8P0KSKxucRWB0W9NcrhSJRzTXyvEWFXO580wxZNcQXtN5aQizRKUOcuimpq1RUPdart2_kn2qe16kD7EMpz-8kzRAgcLHk7RzWnNh8stAK_EEj__/s1600/Gunns.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdMQw4k0FbTigdUDjdEWKe5R5LiVni8P0KSKxucRWB0W9NcrhSJRzTXyvEWFXO580wxZNcQXtN5aQizRKUOcuimpq1RUPdart2_kn2qe16kD7EMpz-8kzRAgcLHk7RzWnNh8stAK_EEj__/s1600/Gunns.jpg" width="220" /></a></div>
As we explored in <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/07/bebe-rebozo-and-his-pan-american.html" target="_blank">Part 1 of Bebe the Bagman</a>, Bebe Rebozo and Clare Margaret Gunn were classmates at Miami High
School before Bebe graduated in 1930. They sneaked off to Fort
Lauderdale during Clare’s senior year and were secretly married July 31,
<a href="http://www.learnwebskills.com/browardmar/marriageg.htm">1931</a>.
Writing in a style characteristic of Kitty Kelley, Clay Drewry Blair,
Jr., disclosed this intriguing tidbit of information in his feature
article called “<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/07/bebe-rebozo-and-his-pan-american.html">Bebe Rebozo’s Life Story,</a>” which was serialized in newspapers in 1970 (posted previously at QJ).<br />
<br />
Clay
Blair, who dealt routinely with subjects like atomic submarine warfare
or the life of Admiral Rickover, even wrote a biography of James Earl
Ray published only a year before astounding readers with Rebozo's
secret romance. Blair claimed that Clare wanted the marriage kept secret
because her parents lived in "comfortable circumstances, many notches
up the social ladder from Bebe." That conclusion on Blair's part was
erroneous in several respects.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Gunn Family Circumstances Far from 'Comfortable'</b></i><br />
<br />
The
fact is that John and Nellie (Ellen) Gunn actually divorced around
1929, making Clare's living situation quite unstable. The real estate
and construction boom had all but disappeared in the wake of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Miami_Hurricane">Miami's 1926 hurricane</a>,
making it difficult for her father to find enough work to support his
family. The depression further deepened with the 1929 stock market
crash. These events took a heavy toll on the Gunns. Clare's older
brother Donald, who was a friend of Bebe's, disappears from public
records after 1932. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It did not take Nellie long to marry for a second time. <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19450111&id=niAyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JugFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2892,2627912">Cornelius William Scully</a>,
an Irish Catholic from New Jersey, was a fireman who lived at 104 NE
56th Street, about a mile from the home in which Clare had lived with
her parents (145 NW 61st), since moving to Miami from St. Louis in 1924.
With Donald and Clare almost out of high school when their parents
divorced, it is possible Clare married Bebe in 1931 in order to stay in
the house next-door to their uncle Hugh Gunn without adult supervision.
From available data we can surmise that the divorce, remarriage and
consequent living arrangement was by no means a "comfortable" situation
for Clare or her siblings at the time she agreed to undergo a secret
marriage with Bebe. If nothing else, the marriage would, however, have
given her (still legally a minor) the legal capacity to enter into a
lease agreement.<br />
<br />
After the divorce their father lived in a room at 161 NW 52nd Street, a house rented by the <a href="http://www.geni.com/people/Henry-Semple-Sr-1881-1953/6000000008641180294">Henry Semple family</a>.
Semple drove a truck for Gunn & Goll, a construction firm owned
by Clare's uncle William in partnership with a war veteran named Otto
H. Goll from Toledo. In 1933 her father also went to work as Gunn
& Goll's "caretaker." There was no other obvious relationship
between John Gunn and Semple; however, John remained at this address for
many years. Far from "comfortable," this situation was must have been
downright embarrassing for young Clare.<br />
<br />
What is most
intriguing about this company (Gunn & Goll) is that in the midst
of economic recession, Otto Goll could afford to travel constantly,
flying frequently to Cuba by seaplane. His flights which began in the
1930's continued into the next decade via Pan American Airways. Pan Am
was, of course, the airline for which Bebe and Clare's husband, James
Norman Gentry, were at one time employed. <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Bebe
Rebozo's real link America's first international airline, which was so
much in the news throughout the 1930's depression years, will take some
time to explain. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQo0vIIcJ4kLetzRnId5rsfYxwphgVLLwBA_2weKOLZHZ_ejdeg0rxqJ6hqQnuXvqOBlwFfmU2GVrGW4_dnqFcW0mZxaRuXiTw3D2sCgkT27NXu2n2LQRGJ1Ks1ozt1x0mj-DSzErkwAxo/s1600/Clare+Gunn+1934.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQo0vIIcJ4kLetzRnId5rsfYxwphgVLLwBA_2weKOLZHZ_ejdeg0rxqJ6hqQnuXvqOBlwFfmU2GVrGW4_dnqFcW0mZxaRuXiTw3D2sCgkT27NXu2n2LQRGJ1Ks1ozt1x0mj-DSzErkwAxo/s1600/Clare+Gunn+1934.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clare worked as a steno in 1934.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
While Clare was secretly married to Bebe, her name
showed up in Miami's 1933 city directory, indicating that she was
employed at <i>Progressive Investment Corporation</i>, an entity with no
listing in the directory. The following year's listing, however,
indicates she lived with her mother and stepfather at Scully's house on
56th Street, while working as a stenographer. Her youngest brother,
William P. Gunn, who may not have gotten along with his new stepfather,
lived with their father in his rented room in the Semple home. By 1937,
however, Clare had moved out on her own to 244 NW 52nd, where William
P. joined her. This new living arrangement could not have lasted long,
as Clare also married again in 1937, as we will explore subsequently.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Clare's Employment</span></b></i><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg54cCqjcCPvNY4_p0onaoJe3Z2EkoStW4YQOidg9-R-J_A0tQrtIdcraGlluMAQGMvOJKJfVH1JmOBC3hrz5peBw_5yTk5ai7s1bCw64Y5QRP5QBxA-yC4lq72niSr87qtiNN-sF_-6q_v/s1600/Ballinger_1942.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="107" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg54cCqjcCPvNY4_p0onaoJe3Z2EkoStW4YQOidg9-R-J_A0tQrtIdcraGlluMAQGMvOJKJfVH1JmOBC3hrz5peBw_5yTk5ai7s1bCw64Y5QRP5QBxA-yC4lq72niSr87qtiNN-sF_-6q_v/s1600/Ballinger_1942.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Excerpt from <a href="http://thescroll.imirus.com/Mpowered/book/v1942/i1/p54"><i>The Scroll</i>, 1942</a></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Though
we find nothing to indicate who the principals were in Progressive
Investment Corporation, it is easy to discern that her next job in 1934
for a </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">statistical research </span>firm called Ballinger & Taylor involved <a href="http://floridamemory.com/solr-search/results/?q=collection%3A%22Florida%20Photographic%20Collection%22%20AND%20subjectp%3A%22Ballinger%2C%20J.%20Kenneth%20%28John%20Kenneth%29%2C%201900-1980.%22&searchbox=1&query=Ballinger,%20J.%20Kenneth%20%28John%20Kenneth%29,%201900-1980.&year=&gallery=0&search-type=">John Kenneth Ballinger,</a> associate editor at the <i>Miami Herald</i>, and Frank O. Taylor, Jr., an accountant.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnk0V8rb1gy8W8YZb1ljZw3PcEakMHhsDQwJM1aVtwTTZC0NM6sPgyr8jXjXnI5URHK3v96u617ZrD35bEbwaoV8EfqoHOdBvesi0_4_EPB1YSFLw2Wg5W2r-dQre8POqVdAZrwF_E2Dn/s1600/Ballinger_obit+1980.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnk0V8rb1gy8W8YZb1ljZw3PcEakMHhsDQwJM1aVtwTTZC0NM6sPgyr8jXjXnI5URHK3v96u617ZrD35bEbwaoV8EfqoHOdBvesi0_4_EPB1YSFLw2Wg5W2r-dQre8POqVdAZrwF_E2Dn/s1600/Ballinger_obit+1980.jpg" width="188" /></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">After Ballinger wrote, but was unable to get his book published,</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> he teamed up with Taylor to write <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Florida bonds: a summary of the funded public debt of December 31, 1934</i>. In 1936 he self-published his first book with the title <a href="https://archive.org/details/miamimillionsdan00ball"><i>Miami Millions</i></a>, only a year or two after Harvey O'Conner's <a href="http://futurethroughpast.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-bad-smell-of-oil-from-colombia-and.html"><i>Mellon's Millions</i></a> hit bookstores. He may have thought the catchy title alone would have made his <a href="http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1946/46_1_07.pdf">chronicle of unconnected tidbits</a> of factual data, without the analysis which had made O'Conner's book worthwhile, </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> a bestseller</span>. The news item announcing his service in WWII in his alumni magazine (upper left) unfortunately mentioned the wrong book. <i>Boom in Paradise</i> had been published by <a href="http://digitool.fcla.edu/R/TA18T92HI9RBLRJ17RFLP6P1FRVLQHVPEA8V4R4GSEM5T7BUYQ-01979">T. H. Weigall</a> in 1932, and can be read at the <a href="http://digitool.fcla.edu/view/action/nmets.do?DOCCHOICE=75292.xml&dvs=1408725424020%7E778&locale=en_US&search_terms=fi07100904&view_profile=staff&adjacency=N&VIEWER_URL=/view/action/nmets.do?&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=2&usePid1=true&usePid2=true">Everglades website</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">According to his <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19800926&id=jQUxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BuAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2902,5264304">1980 obituary</a>,
Ballinger went into the Army Air Corps as a captain in 1942, coming out
as a colonel before getting a law degree. While Clare worked for
Ballinger a decade earlier, he and his wife lived at 637 Minorca Avenue </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> in Coral Gables</span>, only a few doors down from </span><span class="accord-link-signin">Air Transport Command <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/07/bebe-rebozo-and-his-pan-american.html">pilot Joe Fretwell</a> for whom Bebe would serve </span><span class="accord-link-signin"><span class="accord-link-signin">as a navigator </span>on a 1944 flight from Bermuda to </span><span class="accord-link-signin"><span class="accord-link-signin">La Guardia Airport in Queens, New York</span>. This does not in any sense </span><span class="accord-link-signin"><span class="accord-link-signin">prove, however, </span>that
the near neighbors knew each other or that either of them had a social
connection to Bebe, who lived not far from that street; they may have
crossed paths without even a nod.</span><br />
<br />
<i><b>Where Was Bebe in 1934?</b></i><br />
<br />
Bebe's
parents and working siblings, during his high school years, lived in
Miami at 183 NW 34th Terrace, a mile to the south from the Gunns.
Although Bebe was said by the book, <i>Bebe the Bagman</i>, to have
quit his Pan Am job in 1931, Miami directory indicates in 1934 that he
was still employed as a steward at Pan American Airways, only a few
months after the airline's owner, Juan Trippe, had made the cover of <i>Time</i>
magazine. The Rebozos moved in 1934 to 836 NW 33rd Avenue, still less
than two miles from any of the homes where Clare lived, but in a
sightly more upscale neighborhood than hers.<br />
<br />
<span class="accord-link-signin">Clay Blair's article about Bebe's secret life reveals that <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2yTxlJ0qsN9lYBKM5d6-FmfBqSvoAKIw2hblyDuoiZB9gzJUX2BldnT9JWZ2JiTUK0NzSXvH-hlC8TgBZmDyb1I4CyJqr4izehf6-ra9N5PdT0B3ydt_syIcSFXEA7SsowWmDe3Me2lWP/s1600/Bebe+life+story_1970-1.jpg">Clare had their marriage annulled </a>in
1934, five years prior to her marriage to a pilot named James N.
Gentry, and Blair gives the date and location of their wedding as May 4,
1939 in Baltimore. What he <i>does not reveal</i> is that on that date
she was barely divorced from a second "secret marriage" that took place
in 1937 to E. Vose Babcock, Jr., whose family was very close to former <a href="http://www.treasury.gov/about/history/pages/awmellon.aspx">Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon</a>.</span></div>
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">According to Blair's unsourced <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/07/bebe-rebozo-and-his-pan-american.html"><i>Bebe the Bagman</i></a></span>, Bebe had been among the first stewards hired by Pan Am but quit the job in 1931 to pump gas for a year, before he<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0vXJZpRmRTfxd15YvTf6THlRgIKKrJm_zJVIbK9CNS_IcX8EkMMRAvqCmbmNlh5XWnq9DsNREnApWuryluvcu9-2-Osrn1MU_w_KLiq-Xe1xS9qXi84zSknhXo6RwrFPE05fBTrrkr7HK/s1600/Rebozo_steward_1934.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0vXJZpRmRTfxd15YvTf6THlRgIKKrJm_zJVIbK9CNS_IcX8EkMMRAvqCmbmNlh5XWnq9DsNREnApWuryluvcu9-2-Osrn1MU_w_KLiq-Xe1xS9qXi84zSknhXo6RwrFPE05fBTrrkr7HK/s1600/Rebozo_steward_1934.jpg" width="233" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page from 1934 Miami directory</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
"<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">took
a job chauffeuring tourists around the Gold Coast. Living frugally and
saving his money, restless and always looking for a better chance, in
1935 he invested his savings in 'Rebozo's Service Station and Auto
Supplies,' specializing in the sale of retreaded tires." </span></span> </blockquote>
Blair apparently borrowed that unattributed detail from a cover article, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=slUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18-IA4&lpg=PA18-IA4&dq=%22President+Nixon%27s+Best+Friend,%22+colin+leinster&source=bl&ots=2ORlE_gdAe&sig=--a3EzKp4NueTXicU6xrLDLGpCU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8ZcAVNHvBYS9ggSCr4LoCg&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22President%20Nixon%27s%20Best%20Friend%2C%22%20colin%20leinster&f=false">"President Nixon's Best Friend," </a>in the July 31, 1970 issue of <i>Life Magazine</i> under the byline of <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=slUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=Associate+Editor+Colin+Leinster+arrived+at+Key+Biscayne&source=bl&ots=2ORlE_giAd&sig=Brsx8mkdw5eoy86hDGS53xy1UYk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=45kAVPSiOM-QNu_YgtAK&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">Colin Leinster</a>, a <i>Life</i> writer/photographer who, in the late 1960s had been assigned both to Life's <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qVYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25-IA5&lpg=PA25-IA5&dq=%22colin+leinster%22+navy&source=bl&ots=GmxLtI4eQW&sig=clZjb8qXmHkb6HFpdnf_3_4sGR0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BUj_U73EGozAggTt2IK4Dw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22colin%20leinster%22%20navy&f=false">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1988/08/01/70844/index.htm">Vietnam</a> bureaus before his <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1VAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=%22colin+leinster%22+saigon&source=bl&ots=AgleJE_p4A&sig=T7PWn1eeQL7vRODTDMU3LCGQ61s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m0n_U8LXJoezggTkoICQCw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22colin%20leinster%22&f=false">promotion to Assistant Editor</a>
in 1969. Leinster's promotion came less than a year before his feature
on Bebe hit the Luce-owned magazine (Henry R. Luce, Yale 1920, Skull
and Bones).<br />
<br />
Were Blair and Leinster unwittingly
working for the same boss who was intent on pumping disinformation about
Bebe's past into the mainstream media? A similar chronology of Bebe's
life was, intriguingly, inserted into Anthony Summers' <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8SvufU3WsisC&pg=PT142&lpg=PT142&dq=Rebozos+Service+Station+and+Auto+Supplies&source=bl&ots=5W8OAO7N2t&sig=ihvDSlTa4d7mv9uWhmmbCEPlZgk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Wnn3U6vEOMrM8QGp5YHQBA&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Rebozos%20Service%20Station%20and%20Auto%20Supplies&f=false"><i>Arrogance of Power</i></a>. We leave you to make your own conclusions after reading the following research with a questioning mind.<br />
<br />
<i>QJ</i>
is disinclined to buy either the Blair or Leinster account simply
because the 1934 directory listing (inset, upper right) indicates Bebe
was still a steward in 1934. The goal of the disinformation attempt was
to minimize Bebe's role at Pan Am and maximize his connection to
Smathers. Why? The Pan Am Airport looms large in QJ's view. <i>Possibly a windmill; more likely a giant!</i> <br />
<br />
<i><b>Clare Gunn a/k/a Mrs. E. Vose Babcock, 1937-39</b></i><br />
<br />
Bebe
graduated from Miami High in 1930 and Clare two years later, though she
had been on schedule to finish in 1931. (Note: Both of them would have
known <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/smathers.htm">George Smathers</a>,
1931 MHS senior class president, who was named Outstanding Athlete of
Dade County that year. Smathers was attending college and law school in
Gainesville from 1932-38, some of those years with Phil Graham and Paul
Helliwell, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2013/05/an-off-books-private-war.html">as <i>QJ</i> has previously noted</a>.)<br />
<br />
While she worked for Kenneth Ballinger, Clare met E. Vose <span class="srchMatch" type="exact">Babcock, Jr., </span>the
son of a lumber tycoon from Pittsburgh, who owned a large ranch in
Charlotte and Lee Counties in western Florida, just to the south of
Tampa. Today it is a three-hour drive from Miami along Interstate 75--<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">but
in the 1930's would possibly have taken much of the day. How and where
Clare and Vose met may forever remain a mystery, along with the reason
for their divorce two years later. We can only speculate about whether
Bebe Rebozo had a hand in introducing them, possibly through his work
at the Pan American airport based on <a href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/aviation/pam.htm">Dinner Key</a>. (Note: Other historic photographs can be viewed at <a href="http://www.historymiami.org/files/resources/update-v12-n4.pdf">Miami History website</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmZYInD97We6csP_XMbvpGYoVIuAaMW3CBM86Ndu3ZrrZeQoklKv5nQ9WlRSFRjDUdn44NrXYWWAsXI4nY8jgA7NnWTCP3z5trkh4hyphenhyphenIoc60Z46ojtdzJB0eoCrHDYJFugGKVrS7vO2L5X/s1600/Vose+Babcock+in+tux.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmZYInD97We6csP_XMbvpGYoVIuAaMW3CBM86Ndu3ZrrZeQoklKv5nQ9WlRSFRjDUdn44NrXYWWAsXI4nY8jgA7NnWTCP3z5trkh4hyphenhyphenIoc60Z46ojtdzJB0eoCrHDYJFugGKVrS7vO2L5X/s1600/Vose+Babcock+in+tux.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ffi.org/resource/collection/FAF189EB-795A-445E-88CE-C8AB85CCCB14/FFI_Family_Enterprise_2012__Innovation_Through_the_Ages_%282%29.pdf">Vose Babcock</a> at left with his wealthy family</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">We do know that Vose Babcock, Jr. had <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=LxJbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA35&lpg=RA2-PA35&dq=%22vose+babcock%22+cattle+princeton&source=bl&ots=0ZfVWvUR3j&sig=BwGLEhp6Qr84noz5yO3D_rv2oGI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TL0FVN6JCY2TgwTbmoCABQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22vose%20babcock%22%20cattle%20princeton&f=false">dropped out of Princeton</a>
after his second year and allegedly shunned his father's lumber
business in 1932 in favor of raising cattle in the Fort Myers Beach
area. He married Clare Gunn in 1937, three years after her marriage to
Bebe was annulled. Mr. and Mrs. Babcock (Clare's </span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">name was</span></span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"> misspelled as <i>Claire)</i></span></span></span></span> were listed in Fort Myers city directories for several years, and, although directories may have been slow to update details</span>, something else seems amiss.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><span class="srchMatch" type="exact">
A cowboy, marrying a stenographer may not have sat well within the
family, if they were aware of his marriage, but it appears not to have
been enough of a departure from family decorum to have threatened the
scion's enormous trust fund, which appears to have remained intact, as
we shall later see. </span>The Babcocks were close associates of the same Mellon family who were the subject of the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2141046816801784580#editor/target=post;postID=7049203988290966492;onPublishedMenu=posts;onClosedMenu=posts;postNum=0;src=postname">scathing rebuke</a> of the Secretary of the Treasury during Prohibition and early depression years. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">The title of the book, <i>Mellon's Millions</i>, likely served as a model for Ballinger's own book title, <i>Miami Millions</i>. </span></div>
<br />
<span class="srchMatch" type="exact">As <a href="http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=lanastl&id=I84296">members</a>
of Pittsburgh's Duquesne Club, Union Club, Country Club, as well as the
Oakmont Country Club, the Babcock sons were sent to prestigious Ivy
League schools</span><span class="srchMatch" type="exact"><i>—</i>with Vose Jr. prepping at Choate before attending Princeton in the class of 1927, while the parents enjoyed the <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19370506&id=D1hTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_IQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5690,976068">same social circle</a> as the Mellon family in Pittsburgh. In fact, </span><span class="accord-link-signin">Clare's
husband's father (E. Vose, Sr.), the Mayor of Pittsburgh in 1920, also
served on the board of trustees of the University of Pittsburgh with
both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Mellon">Richard Beatty Mellon</a> and William Lucien Scaife while <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon">Andrew W. Mellon</a> was Warren Harding's Secretary of the Treasury. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="accord-link-signin">The Mellons reeked of the power of money, but by the time Herbert Hoover was elected President in 1928, Andrew Mellon was <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2141046816801784580#editor/target=post;postID=3859416757419180311;onPublishedMenu=posts;onClosedMenu=posts;postNum=0;src=postname">on his way out</a>. By that time Florida, which for decades had sought, literally, to drain its swamps, had turned its eyes from the surface of the state to the airways, armed with monies coming into the state from alleged scam artists in the midwest.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="accord-link-signin">In a subsequent post <i>QJ</i>
will follow up on what was happening in Florida in 1934, and about who put the money in the bags Bebe carried to</span><span class="accord-link-signin"><span class="accord-link-signin"> Richard Nixon</span>. Fasten your seatbelts for a bumpy ride.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
You can also read <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/09/bebes-girl-clare-gunn-rebozo-babcock.html" target="_blank">Part 2 of Bebe the Bagman</a>, originally posted with the above research.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-74905368513100153012016-12-06T09:02:00.002-06:002016-12-15T14:14:33.924-06:00The Presidents Bush: Walker Genealogy Part V<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
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<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part I</a> <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">Part II</a> <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part III</a> <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part IV</a> Read previous segments.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Polo and Power?</b></i></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivuOQzbmZRsMCMR624nzAw2S8sAuciCsW8Ot5sCthlqD_jPJjf5Rgap_Qz5pwny-ytRkPT6pzJuormNZEsYIOh7X_q_6lm7RwIVi1oS_Bo16NWKl5BF5sp8O8YrCcPhZe3-dYqRA9n842S/s1600/St.+Louis+Country+Club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivuOQzbmZRsMCMR624nzAw2S8sAuciCsW8Ot5sCthlqD_jPJjf5Rgap_Qz5pwny-ytRkPT6pzJuormNZEsYIOh7X_q_6lm7RwIVi1oS_Bo16NWKl5BF5sp8O8YrCcPhZe3-dYqRA9n842S/s200/St.+Louis+Country+Club.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Louis began polo in 1892.</td></tr>
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Referring back to <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html">Part IV</a>,
you will remember that G. H. (Bert) Walker returned from his studies in
England and Scotland to enroll in law school at Washington University
in St. Louis, around 1894. His eldest brother, Sidney, single until
1898, was working at the dry goods firm, while also playing polo at the
newly organized St. Louis Polo Club.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiIi1QiDjuadf9YjCeSgAjFcjiZIsihjPe9Q2gRfH1AzQJv07Ey8-NGMWWGQiVywl8PsMjWuZtnGsqP-1TYhpUcKoG49l6DcqWDTM36M5ZzGtxk0j809QZTn6wTiByDrZ2GgMLnd3iMxs7/s1600/Polo_Walker_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Oct_16__1898.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiIi1QiDjuadf9YjCeSgAjFcjiZIsihjPe9Q2gRfH1AzQJv07Ey8-NGMWWGQiVywl8PsMjWuZtnGsqP-1TYhpUcKoG49l6DcqWDTM36M5ZzGtxk0j809QZTn6wTiByDrZ2GgMLnd3iMxs7/s1600/Polo_Walker_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Oct_16__1898.jpg" /></a>Bert also took up polo and far surpassed his brother, Sidney, as shown in society clippings such as the one below. Marked in red are references to members of the Walker family: Bert (G. H.) Walker; his father, D.D., who attended the match in Chicago; brother Sidney, as well as Bert's later wife, Lulu Wear, her mother and married sister--in Chicago to applaud Bert, the star of the team.<br />
<br />
It is interesting to note that E.C. Simmons also traveled from St. Louis to Chicago to attend the polo event. Simmons, owner of St. Louis' premier hardware stores, would send three sons to Yale, each of them tapped to Skull and Bones, and he would become the <a href="http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-1-the-house-of-bush-born-in-a-bank/" target="_blank">employer</a> of Bert and Lulu Wear Walker's future son-in-law many years after this polo match. Simmons was already an ardent and admiring fan of Bert Walker in 1898 -- more than two decades before Prescott Bush moved to St. Louis to work for Simmons Hardware.</div>
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Another name of note is <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fQI2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA328" target="_blank">George C. Hitchcock</a>, an attorney, whose family had lived across the street (Vandeventer Place) from D.D. Walker's family. His paternal uncle, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fQI2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA638" target="_blank">Ethan Allen Hitchcock</a>, graduated from <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/life-and-ancestry-of-william-huntington.html" target="_blank">William Huntington Russell's military school</a> in New Haven in 1855, and then moved to St. Louis to work with his brother, George's father, Henry Hitchcock. Ethan left St. Louis in 1860 <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cGpMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA549" target="_blank">to join Olyphant & Co.</a>, a China trading company in which he became a partner in 1866, and from which he retired in 1872, soon returning to St. Louis. President McKinley appointed him the first U.S. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Men_of_Mark_in_America/Volume_1/Ethan_A._Hitchcock" target="_blank">Ambassador to Russia</a> in 1897. He was a member of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fQI2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA639" target="_blank">Phi Beta Kappa</a> fraternity. Both Hitchcock brothers married daughters of <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=lIk6AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1254" target="_blank">Missouri pioneer, George Collier</a> of St. Louis.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitklgsZsbUR4pjbIKgIUqikE14p32zY3J6KvjzWo9_BPEW_f1eXLCWh23OxLUh30wej7GaBN6AQhR-bQtrt9L8qTnD-XGH0YBVhLNissyLa76b_iEH3b-y8Fe7aW1EstZ15hN2LkAFXy8e/s1600/horse+show.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitklgsZsbUR4pjbIKgIUqikE14p32zY3J6KvjzWo9_BPEW_f1eXLCWh23OxLUh30wej7GaBN6AQhR-bQtrt9L8qTnD-XGH0YBVhLNissyLa76b_iEH3b-y8Fe7aW1EstZ15hN2LkAFXy8e/s1600/horse+show.jpg" /></a>Through polo, Bert became interested in horses, and after his
starring performance on the polo field in 1898, Bert agreed to chair St.
Louis' Horse Shows for several years, beginning in 1899, assisted by
his brother Sidney and brother-in-law, Joseph Walker Wear. <br />
<br />
David
Davis Walker had by that time invested a great amount of his personal
funds educating his sons in Catholic institutions. Will had married a
Catholic girl from a French background, even though the marriage wasn't
entirely successful and eventually ended in divorce after Will's parents
died. Maysie had married a Protestant, though he agreed to be interred
beside her in a Catholic burial. Sidney announced his engagement to a
Protestant, whose father was an eminent doctor, six months before Bert's
own small wedding which took place at the home of his bride's mother,
her father, James H. Wear having died in late 1893.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBijSvGuTdGVvW7hWyu-TkAq6ZhLnjmyUiSSlBZDDFurLizA3z4CBQ3g0xigtMj9-3HbFWAMBx1UGmymErrOj5diJxhMoGtYyrP4LxXvzXYzJgkjVTI-wHAy_JwIwLrTStKQSR5nL8ilQ6/s1600/Lulu+Wear+Walker+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBijSvGuTdGVvW7hWyu-TkAq6ZhLnjmyUiSSlBZDDFurLizA3z4CBQ3g0xigtMj9-3HbFWAMBx1UGmymErrOj5diJxhMoGtYyrP4LxXvzXYzJgkjVTI-wHAy_JwIwLrTStKQSR5nL8ilQ6/s1600/Lulu+Wear+Walker+pic.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lulu Wear photo</td></tr>
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Although "Lulu" had three attendants, Bert had only his brother David at his side. Brother Ted was then in his last semester at Yale, set to graduate in the summer. Also at Yale at the time were three of Lulu's brothers--James H. (Jim) Wear, who had been captain of Yale's freshman football squad in 1897 (class of 1900); Joseph W. (Joe) Wear (class of 1900); and Arthur Y. Wear (class of 1902), who would later die in WWI. <br />
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As for how Bert moved from running his own investment bank in St. Louis to working with or for Averell and Bunny Harriman, the authors of <a href="http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-1-the-house-of-bush-born-in-a-bank/" target="_blank"><i>George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography</i></a>, Anton Chaitkin and Webster Tarpley surmised as follows:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRDAxgpYu8PlAhWo9XkpnkJlcyl5w1Sbswef53qXWsLz4UayT7JgFdi3ugQf2KD1GM1oe49x4CRlK8RivkGcTxXiEb890rFa29AP5pedGOkxyv-aRga_k_gurEkJJ-RiUiLqBHLp9KqoMq/s1600/Prescott_Dorothy+to+wed_St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch_August+5%252C+1921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRDAxgpYu8PlAhWo9XkpnkJlcyl5w1Sbswef53qXWsLz4UayT7JgFdi3ugQf2KD1GM1oe49x4CRlK8RivkGcTxXiEb890rFa29AP5pedGOkxyv-aRga_k_gurEkJJ-RiUiLqBHLp9KqoMq/s640/Prescott_Dorothy+to+wed_St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch_August+5%252C+1921.jpg" width="188" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prescott Bush weds Dotty Walker.</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #666666;">Bert Walker formally organized the W.A. Harriman & Co. private
bank in <u>November 1919</u>. Walker became the bank’s president and chief
executive; Averell Harriman was chairman and controlling co-owner with
his brother Roland ( “Bunny” ), Prescott Bush’s close friend from Yale;
and Percy Rockefeller was a director and a founding financial sponsor.</span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In the <u>autumn of 1919</u>, Prescott Bush made the acquaintance of Bert
Walker’s daughter Dorothy. They were engaged the following year, and
were married in August, 1921. <i>[</i><i>Columbia University </i><i>Interview in the Oral History Research Project
conducted by <a href="http://oralhistoryportal.cul.columbia.edu/document.php?id=ldpd_4073951" target="_blank">Columbia University in 1966, Eisenhower Administration</a></i><i>, p. 7.</i><i>]</i> Among the ushers and grooms at the
elaborate wedding were Ellery S. James, Knight Woolley and four other
fellow Skull and Bonesmen from the Yale Class of 1917. <i>[</i><i>St. Louis Globe Democrat, Aug. 7, 1921. p. 16. This is the sequence of events, from Simmons to U.S. Rubber, which Prescott Bush gave in his
Columbia University </i><i>Interview; pp. 5-6. The interview was supposed to be kept confidential
and was never published, but Columbia later sold microfilms of the
transcript to certain libraries, including Arizona State University), pp. 7-8.]</i> The
Bush-Walker extended family has gathered each summer at the “Walker
country home” in Kennebunkport, from this marriage of President Bush’s
parents down to the present day.</span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">When Prescott married Dorothy, he was only a minor executive of the
Simmons Co., railroad equipment suppliers, while his wife’s father was
building one of the most gigantic businesses in the world. The
following year the couple tried to move back to Columbus, Ohio; there
Prescott worked for a short time in a rubber products company owned by
his father. But they soon moved again to Milton, Mass., after outsiders
bought the little family business and moved it near there.</span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Thus Prescott Bush was going nowhere fast, when his son George
Herbert Walker Bush–the future U.S. President–was born in Milton,
Mass., on June 12, 1924.</span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Perhaps it was as a birthday gift for George, that “Bunny” Harriman
stepped in to rescue his father Prescott from oblivion, bringing him
into the Harriman-controlled U.S. Rubber Co. in New York City. In 1925
the young family moved to the town where George was to grow up:
Greenwich, Connecticut, a suburb both of New York and of New
Haven/Yale.</span></blockquote>
Unfortunately, Chaitkin and Tarpley failed to answer the following questions: <br />
<ul>
<li>What was the name of the rubber company Prescott worked for that took him to Milton, Massachusetts?</li>
<li>Where is the documentation that Bert Walker organized W. A. Harriman & Co. in November 1919?</li>
<li>And where is the evidence that Prescott was "rescued" by Bunny Harriman?</li>
</ul>
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Our research makes it seem much more likely that the man who threw Prescott a lifeline was his wife's father, Bert Walker, who was closely associated with Lulu Wear's brother, Joseph Wear, in a linoleum and rubber business based in Philadelphia. Joseph Wear's wife's father, William Potter, in 1920 oversaw the sale of his family-owned company to a Certain-teed, incorporated in St. Louis, which manufactured roofing materials.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgflONEeO8qEw8WRzeeQQIWAyCIeBj1lIUhSydhc1YKd8nIUPQcq3DEDM1986JthFeYZqXz9G8Obq3xDycweYUL7hMrcWukgG8T3DY1UeFqBMazsV_5lN1IydUYYbrv0nTqBccHnnJm30N/s1600/Potter_Certain-teed.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgflONEeO8qEw8WRzeeQQIWAyCIeBj1lIUhSydhc1YKd8nIUPQcq3DEDM1986JthFeYZqXz9G8Obq3xDycweYUL7hMrcWukgG8T3DY1UeFqBMazsV_5lN1IydUYYbrv0nTqBccHnnJm30N/s640/Potter_Certain-teed.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The Walker Family <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vacations</span></span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Even before his retirement, D.D. Walker and his wife enjoyed their travels and were often mentioned in local news accounts, frequently</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> accompanied by daughter </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mazie (spelled variously as Maizie, Maisie or Maysie) and grand</span>daughter Martha, while husband, Asa Pittman, remained in St. Louis to
work. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">As early as 1886 D.D. Davis' family had a summer cottage in Kennebunkport, and that same year they spent the spring in St. Augustine, Florida, accompanied by Mazie and Martha's mother, Jane Beaky</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, all according to society news items</span>.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv0E67hzJr6uajttt4hY-x6J39PmJAMLQhkX5ozlgFoby6FxZsT-UHRPcq75m2RLsMlZodKsjv3q7MLbF6WpO2MZJQQR-_3GQrcr146wlEPziX_AJdHKOVpoIRPVFCY7hSGMfTcAok31nM/s1600/pbk-key-.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv0E67hzJr6uajttt4hY-x6J39PmJAMLQhkX5ozlgFoby6FxZsT-UHRPcq75m2RLsMlZodKsjv3q7MLbF6WpO2MZJQQR-_3GQrcr146wlEPziX_AJdHKOVpoIRPVFCY7hSGMfTcAok31nM/s200/pbk-key-.jpg" width="152" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The three youngest sons--David, Bert and Teddy--were sometimes mentioned in the local gossip accounts as well. For example, w</span>hen Teddy was <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">a 12-year-old boy, attending </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">St.
Vincent's Seminary, a Catholic school run by nuns for girls and primary
school boys located at Grace and Locust Avenues in St. Louis, he was mentioned </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in an 1889 <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeWFRFOVh0UzI4UmM/view" target="_blank">feature item</a> and described as "one of the youngest reporters on
earth," as he helped interview youngsters who saw the </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Olympic Theatre's matinee of</span> Little Lord Fauntleroy, then on tour. Ten years after being cited for his
reporting skill, Teddy was named to Phi Beta Kappa for his studies in economics at
Yale (the same fraternity his great-nephew, <a href="http://edandsherill.blogspot.com/2010/08/our-phi-beta-kappa-yale-graduate.html" target="_blank">George H. W. Bush</a>, would attain in 1948). </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwH7Gny6gGKD7SkPs7szQPloEy6OCaU2Tw3rDd_uhLRoyHs4m9gqKXNEy3ZLzaUNLJdASmXD3illAl9oBgsO3a4k_1ZK-2Vy6wcrFKSmBghHjfWVB0UL5dOE8bN3uQVn3n_mGwX_Iig7S/s1600/David+Jr_Stonyhurst_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Jun_24__1888_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwH7Gny6gGKD7SkPs7szQPloEy6OCaU2Tw3rDd_uhLRoyHs4m9gqKXNEy3ZLzaUNLJdASmXD3illAl9oBgsO3a4k_1ZK-2Vy6wcrFKSmBghHjfWVB0UL5dOE8bN3uQVn3n_mGwX_Iig7S/s320/David+Jr_Stonyhurst_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Jun_24__1888_.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">We know from vacation accounts that all three of the younger boys attended Stonyhurst in England, David having been enrolled during the fall of 1887 had been taken on a tour of Europe with his parents and sister the following summer. Bert
and Teddy skipped Europe that year, going instead to Kennebunkport,
their usual vacation place, possibly with family servants supervising, while presumably t</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">he two eldest sons, by then in their early twenties, were working at the dry
goods business with other members of the firm. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpBlzfWdcNSlDep6J8SOe-X1lEES1qoGRl9JciRbL9pVQ5Ho19WrWid5ol_Zx4V42gB3VCMSt_Yp7OcJqBlA4nEVyVYTZ3iSzGNsF5Fa4iJgzjfovMYzpTntE9BPyMdRA7dlqSqBq-L6C4/s1600/Bert_Stonyhurst_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Aug_30__1891_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="91" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpBlzfWdcNSlDep6J8SOe-X1lEES1qoGRl9JciRbL9pVQ5Ho19WrWid5ol_Zx4V42gB3VCMSt_Yp7OcJqBlA4nEVyVYTZ3iSzGNsF5Fa4iJgzjfovMYzpTntE9BPyMdRA7dlqSqBq-L6C4/s320/Bert_Stonyhurst_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Aug_30__1891_.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bert's summer break from Stonyhurst</td></tr>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Bert's tenure at
Stonyhurst, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">mentioned in a<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank"> previous segment</a>, thus was not a circumstance special to him, but something the Walker family had chosen for each son by that time. Bert would follow David to Stonyhurst in 1890, as indicated in the local paper's account (inset, left) of their summer plans. Later, Teddy would follow Bert to the Jesuit institute.</span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">After Bert returned to St. Louis and while he was at law school, </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">during the winter of 1895</span></span>, the </span>St. Louis newspaper published reports that D.D. and Martha Walker had </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">toured California for three months with </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">their only daughter, Mazie, and her daughter, Martha Walker Pittman, in tow. After two months back in St. Louis, </span>the four had then </span>gone to Kennebunkport to spend the summer months at the D.D. Walkers' cottage. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Two years earlier the paper had mentioned that Bert was staying at the Ocean Bluff House in
Kennebunk, Maine, then a popular summer hotel. Perhaps there was not room for him in the family cottage.</span> Perhaps Bert and his father were already experiencing a conflict of personalities which was to plague them in future years.<br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mazie died in 1896, however,
leaving her daughter in the care of her father, Asa Pitmann, who
tragically died from influenza three years later. Martha Walker Pittman thereafter lived with her maternal grandparents when not off in boarding schools in Paris and Briarcliff, New York. She still spent most
holidays with her Walker grandparents for many years to come, and was a bridesmaid in Dorothy Walker's Kennebunkport wedding in 1921--when Bert's daughter married Prescott Bush. Four years later, Martha married a Diplomatic Courier Officer from Baltimore society, John Mortimer Duval, Jr.</span><br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Bert's In-Laws--the Wear Family </span></b></i></span><br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In January 1899 Bert Walker </span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">married Lulu Wear,</span></span></span> a daughter of one of his father's former competitors. </span></span>While Wear and Walker had both made their fortunes in the wholesale dry goods trade, the two fathers were unlike in many other ways. The Walkers were Catholic, while the Wears were Presbyterian. Although the Walkers preferred to summer in Maine, t</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">he Wear (sometimes misspelled as Ware) family traditionally vacationed at Jamestown island in Rhode Island.</span><br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James Hutchinson Wear, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lulu's
father, </span>had been born in central Missouri and moved to
St. Louis around 1863. Like David Davis Walker, Wear learned the wholesale dry goods trade for fifteen years before
he formed a partnership called Wear, Boogher & Co. with </span><a href="http://www.accessgenealogy.com/missouri/biography-of-murray-carleton.htm"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Murray
Carleton</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, whose mother had been a Boogher. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Shortly before he died, </span>Wear sold his
interest to Carleton </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in 1893. </span></span></span> </span></div>
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<b><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">John
Holliday Wear</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">John
Holliday Wear, the eldest of James H. and Nannie Wear's sons, was born in 1868 and started his career working as
a salesman for Murray Carleton, his father's successor, and was still so
employed when he married Susan Leigh Slattery in 1903.<b><span style="color: #990000;"> </span></b>A year after his sister Lulu married Bert Walker, John Wear
obtained a passport with the intent of traveling out of the country, listing
his address as Carleton's Dry Goods, 9th Street and Washington Avenue, an
address which placed him only a few steps away from Ely & Walker's building, then at the southwest corner of N. 8th and Washington. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">John H. Wear would thereafter remain in the dry goods business, while his
three youngest brothers attended Yale in the late 1890s, as did Bert Walker's youngest brother, Ted. The above addresses today sit across the street from St. Louis' </span><a href="http://explorestlouis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/VG15_Downtown-Map_NoSpot.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">convention
center complex</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigOWYNGcIDT_p9EHGAOQH9QSFvrMXtjbeuhghMzo95FL0L_icFXTiHBL7ttlRJjdeGf2ExIVFs_5em8W3xt4yVrfEdYhPT1Jm4VMoqiQEDaEcwJqGrSyskRubi1QRSGXI0NTYJGXnIT3RG/s1600/St+Louis+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigOWYNGcIDT_p9EHGAOQH9QSFvrMXtjbeuhghMzo95FL0L_icFXTiHBL7ttlRJjdeGf2ExIVFs_5em8W3xt4yVrfEdYhPT1Jm4VMoqiQEDaEcwJqGrSyskRubi1QRSGXI0NTYJGXnIT3RG/s640/St+Louis+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to enlarge</td></tr>
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John Wear resided with his mother, while G.H. and Lulu Walker lived only a mile or so away at 3800 Delmar. A few years after his own marriage in 1903, John's work address became 708 N. 4th Street, while he and Susan lived at 4643 Berlin, changed to Pershing during World War I. The map above also locates the banking office of D.H. Byrd's uncles, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html">mentioned in a previous post</a> at this blog. As we can see, the investment banking offices of Wear, Walker, and the Byrds were within close walking distance from where the Federal Reserve complex was eventually built, and directly across the street from the Wear and Walker dry goods warehouses the city happened to build its convention center, with upscale hotels built at the site of the warehouses.</div>
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<i><b><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mildred Wear (Mrs. Max) Kotany</span></span></b></i><br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6905506070718158368" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6905506070718158368" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lulu's sister, Mildred, four years older than Lulu, was 25 in 1895
when she married 42-year-old </span></span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=itQtAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA464"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Max Kotany</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a Hungarian-born stockbroker who immigrated to the U.S. in 1867 at age
14. By 1870 Max was listed in the St. Louis census as a messenger boy in a
bank, living in the home of Amelia Abeles, widow of </span></span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5746826&ref=acom"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Adolph Abeles</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, and he still lived in her home on Delmar in 1880.
By then he had become a naturalized citizen and a stockbroker.</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mrs. Abeles had been born in Prague around 1831,
and arrived in St. Louis in 1849 with the Taussigs, part of her extended family.
She married Adolph Abeles almost immediately upon her arrival, and he went into
the lumber commission business with Charles S. Taussig. Adolph was
unfortunately among those killed in 1855 when the </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasconade_Bridge_train_disaster" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Gasconade Bridge</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> collapsed, and thereafter, Amelia seems to have </span></span><a href="http://www.rollanet.org/%7Ebdoerr/1860CyDir/1860CD-A-Z.htm"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">continued the partnership</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> on her own until her son was old enough to take
her place. According to the </span></span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5746826"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Find-a-Grave</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> website:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Adolph and Charles developed a vertically
integrated business around the Pacific Railroad supplying land, timber and
capitol for its development. Adolph was elected state representative to the
Missouri General Assembly in 1850 and served two years. Among other things, he
promoted the Pacific Railroad's incorporation, which ultimately led to his
death.</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Amelia's father is shown by some genealogists to
have been </span></span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=123954192"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">John Low Taussig</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a wholesale dry goods merchant in 1860, as was
his brother </span></span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=140412570&ref=acom"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">J. Seligman Taussig</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">. Nevertheless, Amelia was quite close to a family named Singer, who lived in Hungary, and to
Minna Singer, married to </span></span><a href="http://www.geni.com/people/Alexander-Sandor-Kotanyi/6000000032195015000"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Alexander Sandor Kotanyi</span></span></a>, who <span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">remained there. Amelia Abeles obtained a passport in 1867 and made
a trip to eastern Europe; that same year </span></span><a href="http://stlouis.genealogyvillage.com/BushChart.pdf"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Max Kotany</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> arrived in the United States from Hungary to take up residence with
Amelia Abeles' family for more than a decade. He
told passport officials in 1905 that he was naturalized in 1876. He married Lulu Wear's sister in 1895.</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Max also had a younger brother named Ludwig, who
moved later to St. Louis and, after studying economics and working with G.H. Walker & Co., was employed as early
as 1918 as </span></span><a href="http://archon.wulib.wustl.edu/?p=collections/findingaid&id=72&q=" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">treasurer</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> of Robert Brookings School of Economics and
Government, which had before 1924 been part of </span></span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NnajAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=ludwig+kotany+brookings&source=bl&ots=PzG4qLBPp9&sig=BzMPk3a5ZexptJnPkJkTIDbU7kM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOiKOU2IbLAhXF7yYKHSeDBZYQ6AEINDAF#v=onepage&q=kotany&f=false" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Washington University</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in St. Louis. </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDgNRNo1IEG2fytkDWMeR8QiLh_PsXxPWkRE3sfjY41ady-SIK2MkqeHsgJPRo6zKhyphenhyphen6Rht-A5raWs5EJOR284PRvP-eewW7HGKkMguPjTgmjBpDuVOzZxU3T7XCLU3RwMqCPptjk3WN6B/s1600/Stock+Exchange_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sat__Apr_12__1902.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDgNRNo1IEG2fytkDWMeR8QiLh_PsXxPWkRE3sfjY41ady-SIK2MkqeHsgJPRo6zKhyphenhyphen6Rht-A5raWs5EJOR284PRvP-eewW7HGKkMguPjTgmjBpDuVOzZxU3T7XCLU3RwMqCPptjk3WN6B/s320/Stock+Exchange_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sat__Apr_12__1902.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1904 Bert Walker was </span></span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWU3AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA268"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">president of the St. Louis Stock Exchange</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, as well as a </span></span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWU3AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA222"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">member</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> of the New York Stock Exchange. <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=MD8VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA344" target="_blank">Max Kotany</a> was one of about 50 members
of the St. Louis Exchange, and had his own brokerage office on Olive Street, while his brother <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=MD8VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA344" target="_blank">Ludwig</a> went to work for Max's brother-in-law at G.H. Walker & Co. the year it opened. Bert and Max each served on several committees, with each other and with J. D. Perry Francis, son of former mayor of </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">St. Louis, </span></span>governor of Missouri, who was then serving as chairman of St. Louis' World's Fair planning committee, after having served in Grover Cleveland's administration. The governor was also a director of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5nopAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA61" target="_blank">Chicago & Alton Railway</a>, </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">E. H. Harriman's railroad which ran through St. Louis. The connection to the Francis family was powerful indeed for young Bert.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Other wealthy connections came through Bert's wife, Lulu
and her sister Mildred Kotany, who had been close to each other and to other girls their age within their father's network of business associates. One such
friend, Bertha Dibblee of Chicago, was a daughter of </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Laura Nash Field Dibblee, Marshall Field's niece and later heir to part of his estate. </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Bertha had visited Lulu during Christmas holidays in 1897, before her wedding to Bert Walker. </span></span>Marshall Field was </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Chicago's biggest retail department store, which bought merchandise from </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">wholesaler </span></span></span></span>Wear, Boogher, while firms like Sears Roebuck and J.C. Penney <a href="https://vintrowear.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/whats-in-a-label-the-genealogy-of-ely-walker/" target="_blank">purchased their dry goods stock</a> from Ely-Walker</span></span>.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXDm1exSDFyziwOwsV7zbDtX0wtgskr9iTfbazo2av0j5UOaDXRF5eJoR1rQGkKmPYl5PBxKyKSERV7ESMvMJi4ilAQlpULDx9v0yCdELMBA8mrLDb5IU73qmRamvnY_FV3YtyBJ7duEWO/s1600/Bertha+Dibblee_Lulu+Wear_1897.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXDm1exSDFyziwOwsV7zbDtX0wtgskr9iTfbazo2av0j5UOaDXRF5eJoR1rQGkKmPYl5PBxKyKSERV7ESMvMJi4ilAQlpULDx9v0yCdELMBA8mrLDb5IU73qmRamvnY_FV3YtyBJ7duEWO/s400/Bertha+Dibblee_Lulu+Wear_1897.jpg" width="221" /></a></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The
summer prior to Bertha's visit to St. Louis, Mildred Kotany had chaperoned
her sister (inaccurately called Miss L.J. Ware in the newspaper) at the <a href="http://www.jackson-nh.org/Pages/JacksonNH_WebDocs/wentworth" target="_blank">Wentworth Hall</a> casino in Jackson, New Hampshire.[*] </span></span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWU3AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2368"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Max Kotany</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was primarily involved with the Taussig brothers in a silver mining syndicate,
Good Hope Mining. </span></span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=140413350"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James J. Taussig</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was an investment banker who was part of a Montana silver
mining syndicate with other wealthy St. Louis businessmen as early as 1879, but his eldest brother </span></span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=123953854"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">William</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was a physician, who had studied chemistry in Prague before locating in
St. Louis. Later </span></span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWU3AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2160"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Dr. William Taussig</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was named a director of the newly consolidated St. Louis
Union Trust. James Taussig </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">and his family
often spent summers at Kennebunkport before acquiring </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in 1898 </span></span>a summer home at </span></span><a href="http://www.preservation.ri.gov/pdfs_zips_downloads/national_pdfs/jamestown/jams_shoreby-hill-hd.pdf"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Shoreby Hill on Jamestown</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, the island wedged between Newport and
Narragansett, Rhode Island. </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James E. Taussig was president of the Wabash
Railroad before his death in 1949. James Taussig, a legal associate of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=zqQeAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA130" target="_blank">Charles Nagel</a>
(then married to Fanny Brandeis), in 1878 became
a "mentor" to young future Justice Louis D. Brandeis. After Fanny's
death, Nagel married Anne Shepley, sister of John Foster and Arthur
Shepley and of Louis Shepley (Mrs. Isaac) Lionberger. The Shepleys were
grandchildren of <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tpgBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=Ethan+Shepley,+Senator+from+Maine.&source=bl&ots=BKa0m8Qowj&sig=u0mFD0Ha7Xqvh526zAmDLHZyaGI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg45KZ1aTLAhWIKiYKHWNiCWEQ6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=Ethan%20Shepley%2C%20Senator%20from%20Maine.&f=false" target="_blank">Ethan Shepley</a>, U.S. Senator from Maine who resigned to become that state's chief justice. All were part of the power elite in St. Louis.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Both
John F. Shepley and Isaac Lionberger, who had been law partners for
several years, in 1896 abandoned the Democratic Party of William
Jennings Bryan to become Republicans in favor of the gold standard. By
this time, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/02/why-george-bush-came-to-texas-or-enron.html" target="_blank">Shepley</a>
had been at the St. Louis Union Trust for six years, and was married to
Sarah Hitchcock, daughter of Ethan Allen Hitchcock, soon to be named by
William McKinley as minister to Russia, and also to serve in Teddy
Roosevelt's cabinet as secretary of the interior.</span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James H. Wear, Jr.</span></span></b></i></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James Hutchinson Wear, Jr., Yale class of 1901, married </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in 1909 </span></span>Ellen
D. Filley, daughter of John Dwight Filley of St. Louis. James played
football at Yale and was scorer for the baseball team, according to
Yale's yearbook.</span></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Joseph
Walker Wear</span></span></b></i></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lulu's brother, J.
W. Wear, </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">finished his studies at Yale in 1899 and </span></span>married Adaline Coleman Potter, daughter of </span></span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=6WMfAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA616"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">William Potter </span></span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">of Philadelphia in 1903. </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pq8yAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1036"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">William
(and </span></a><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pq8yAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1036"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Jane
Kennedy Vanuxem) Potter</span></a> lived</span> in the Philadelphia neighborhood of Chestnut Hill</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, and
Adaline's parents both descended from
illustrious families in Philadelphia, her father acting as the attorney
for his father's company--Thomas Potter & Sons oilcloth and linoleum flooring business. It was a dangerous business, judging from the blazes which occurred on their premises in 1898, 1905, 1915 and 1917. Nevertheless the sale of the Potters' stock to the roofing company owned by George M. Brown of St. Louis, put $3 million in their pockets only a few month after an announcement had been made in March 1920 that Bert Walker was creating a new company to be known as Morton and Company.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1920 the company was sold to Certain-teed
Products of St. Louis, a move which earned both Bert and William Potter </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">a seat on the new board, while his brother-in-law, Joseph Wear, became treasurer of the new company.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Joseph himself had a patent issued in
his name in 1917 for a linoleum product. But before moving to
Philadelphia in 1914 to work for his father-in-law, he returned to St.
Louis to work in the dry goods company with his older brother John. Two
years after John's death, he and his wife moved to her hometown of
Philadelphia where J.W. was a very active tennis player at the Cricket
Club, especially in doubles competition. He and Dwight F. Davis of St.
Louis, who had played on Harvard's team, won the doubles title in 1914,
and in 1920-1924 J.S. partnered with Jay Gould II, son of George J.
Gould, to capture the championship each year.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1892 William Potter had been named Minister to Italy during the
administration of </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pq8yAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1035"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">President
Benjamin Harrison</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">. He later was named president of the Jefferson
Medical College and sat on the Board of the Philadelphia City Trusts. At the end of WWI he also
went to the Far East in </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9N1AAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA169"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">1919
when Japan</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was in the process of invading Manchuria.</span><br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Arthur Yancey Wear</span></b></i><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ednref6;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">He played on the Yale baseball team graduated from Yale in 1902 and was tapped to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ULNGAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA154" target="_blank">Scroll and Key</a>. President of the St. Louis Club at Yale in 1902. He would be killed in France during WWI. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">He was a cousin of Joseph G. Holliday (B.A. 1884), Samuel N. Holliday (B A. 1908), and Joseph Holliday (B.A. 1913).</span></div>
<br />
<br />
To be continued.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-87735638740768890132016-09-19T13:10:00.000-05:002016-09-19T13:10:41.195-05:00The Story of DAVID ATLEE PHILLIPS (Part V) <div style="text-align: right;">
Continued from <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html">Part I</a> , <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html">Part II</a>, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">Part III</a><span class="hitline">, and <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/08/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">Part IV</a></span></div>
<span class="hitline"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Atlee Genealogy</b></i></span><br />
<br />
The genealogy of the Atlees is set out in <i>Genealogical
record of the Atlee family, The descendants of Judge William Augustus
Atlee and Colonel Samuel John Atlee of Lancaster County, Pa</i> by <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA52">Edwin Atlee Barber</a>. The Atlees were proud of their ancestry and their closeness to national leaders in both England before the revolution and in American after that date. In Part IV we described the nine children of the first American Atlee. Of the three sons, only one is followed in this Part V, being William Pitt Atlee, born in 1772. <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=134937435">Edwin Augustus Atlee</a>, born in 1776, having been chronicled in <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/08/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">Part IV</a>. About the third son, little is known.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="hitline">William Pitt Atlee (1772-1815), the eldest son, had been a young lad while his father and uncle took their places in the war of the revolution and within the new government they had fought to create. </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">With both parents dead by 1793, </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">however, as the eldest son, he became head of the family at only 21 years of age. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCNMlSHNSyY28PxLXe2LNMRmda4lGSzAqXrOycKgdHMBdSJklGWAzXTR6onVLI91OTVP_BkB53gXOLVy-6W8zEWVTqKx-Q17xDItmx2wETxW9abvYuGUwUo7cLWm73A6f1lsCrbZRoewfK/s1600/Thomas_McKean.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCNMlSHNSyY28PxLXe2LNMRmda4lGSzAqXrOycKgdHMBdSJklGWAzXTR6onVLI91OTVP_BkB53gXOLVy-6W8zEWVTqKx-Q17xDItmx2wETxW9abvYuGUwUo7cLWm73A6f1lsCrbZRoewfK/s200/Thomas_McKean.jpg" width="147" /></a></div>
The man who was elected from 1799 to 1808 as governor had formerly been
Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, Thomas McKean. Until his death in 1793, William Augustus Atlee had been the Senior Justice at the same court where McKean was Chief Justice of the circuit. It is McKean, Atlee's mentor, who is given credit for establishing the "<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rEwVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA119" target="_blank">spoils system</a>"
of political appointments in Pennsylvania, telling Thomas Jefferson in 1801 that "it is
not right to put a dagger in the hands of an assassin." Even then, it
seems, politics was a very personal affair. Not only did Governor McKean give his colleague's son-in-law the plum position of prothonotary in Cambria County, but he ensured that his own son, Joseph M. McKean, was appointed district attorney.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ratification/mcmasterstone/chapterix/" target="_blank">McKean</a> had never been idle, having commanded a battalion
which served in the Jersey campaigns of 1776-77, been a promoter of and
signer of the Declaration of Independence, a member of the 1778 convention which framed the Articles of
Confederation, President of Congress (1781), and in a delegate to
the Pennsylvania convention to ratify the federal constitution in 1787. He was a member of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention
of 1789-90, and under it became its second executive, filling the
gubernatorial office three terms, from December 17, 1799, to December
20, 1808. He also was named a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania and died in 1817.<br />
<br />
His associate, William A. Atlee, before 1779, had also been <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5846419/attempt_to_change_trustees_to_be/" target="_blank">named as a trustee</a> of the University of Pennsylvania, then known as the <a href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/charitysch.html" target="_blank"><i>College, Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia</i></a>, which had been founded by Benjamin Franklin and <a href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/1700s/shippen_wm.html" target="_blank">William Shippen</a>. The newly elected General Assembly formed and elected following independence, passed an Act which illegally attempted to place ownership into the hands of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, rather than the original proprietors who had established the College in 1740. That attempt was partially repealed in 1789, but <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5875945/relationship_between_college_and/" target="_blank">other provisions remained</a> as before. The U.S. Supreme Court held in a landmark decision in 1819, in <i>Dartmouth College v. Woodward</i>, <a href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/17/518.html" target="_blank">17 U.S. 518</a>, that a privately funded college could not be changed into a state university. The appointing of trustees must proceed as set out in the original charter.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">The significance of this case to our study is that the choice of who would handle appointment of trustees for the University of Pennsylvania would remain in the hands of persons close to the man who was a direct ancestor of David Atlee Phillips, i.e. William Augustus Atlee. The purpose of this study is to determine whether that fact had any influence on what choices Atlee's infamous descendant made during his life.</span><br />
<br />
Atlee was not above using his connections. As soon as the revolution was complete and the peace treaty was in the works, he had <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-01-02-0710" target="_blank">requested Judge McKean</a> to use his friendship with John Adams, then a peace negotiator for the new federal government, to investigate whether Atlee's father had an inheritance in England. Adams replied to McKean, asking for funds to be sent to him, which he would then deliver to Dr. John Brown Cutting. A <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/?q=%22john%20brown%20cutting%22&s=1111311111&sa=&r=4&sr=" target="_blank">pharmacist</a> in the Continental Army during the revolutionary war, Cutting had subsequently studied law under Judge John Lowell in
Boston until 1786, at which time he made his way to London to study at the Inner Temple. Although the funds <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/?q=%22john%20brown%20cutting%22&s=1111311111&sa=&r=7&sr=" target="_blank">Cutting requested</a> appear to have been <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/?q=%22william%20atlee%22&s=1111311111&sa=&r=4&sr=#ADMS-04-08-02-0004-fn-0002-ptr" target="_blank">received </a>in London by Adams, there is no indication that Cutting ever actually investigated the property records for Atlee, nor that that was any estate remaining in the Atlee family.<br />
<br />
The year before his death, Justice Atlee and his colleague, Thomas McKean, were named with others as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5874896/william_a_atleeelector_from/" target="_blank">Electors</a> chosen to cast their votes in the Presidential election for George Washington's second term. This honor occurred only a few months before Atlee's death. Many of those electors named <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5802174/trustees_of_college_of/" target="_blank">were also trustees</a> of what was then called the College of Philadelphia.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">William Pitt Atlee Branch</span></span></span></b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> </span> </span></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">William Pitt Atlee was 26 years of age in 1798 when he married sixteen-year-old Sarah Light, whose </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">New York born </span></span>father, John Light, a <a href="http://archive.org/stream/biographicalhist00harr#page/368/mode/2up" target="_blank">Major during the revolutionary war</a>, had settled at <a href="https://archive.org/stream/oldstjameschurch00woerrich#page/118/mode/2up/search/%22john+light%22" target="_blank">Lancaster in 1783</a>, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=WsQxAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA367" target="_blank">operating a pub</a>. Major Light joined the St. James Episcopal church attended by the Atlee family. He was elected chief burgess in 1803, becoming a stalwart in Democratic politics, named as an <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6303329/pennsylvania_electors_for_various/" target="_blank">elector on the ballot in 1824</a> in support the candidacy of William Crawford of Georgia for president and Albert Gallatin as vice-president. Sarah's father died in 1834.</span></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><br /></span></span>
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Sarah Light Atlee had lost her husband in 1815 when he was only 43, leaving his wife to rear </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">six </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=26106735" target="_blank">minor</a></span></span> children without his assistance. Like his father-in-law,</span></span> William Pitt Atlee had served as a soldier, though not in the revolutionary war but in the War of 1812, attaining the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n68/mode/2up/search/william+pitt" target="_blank">rank of Colonel</a>. During his life apart from the military he</span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=WsQxAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA267" target="_blank">worked</a> as a coppersmith, deputy sheriff and a marshal for the Lancaster district before the war, which possibly influenced his being placed in charge of British prisoners during the war. </span>His wife, Sarah Light Atlee, who survived him by 35 years, watched as the eldest of their four sons followed in the footsteps of William Pitt's younger brother, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n86/mode/2up" target="_blank">Edwin A. Atlee</a>. who was already on his way toward an eminent medical career before 1812, as shown in our <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/08/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">previous post</a>. </span><br />
<br />
The names below are the <span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">children of </span><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">William Pitt and Sarah Light Atlee</span></span></span>.<br />
<ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><i><b><span class="hitline">John Light Atlee</span></b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline">John Light Atlee (1799-1885), <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=I9ICAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PR37">studied medicine</a>
at the University of Pennsylvania, married a daughter of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028852998#page/n39/mode/2up" target="_blank">Judge Walter Franklin</a> and practiced gynecological surgery in Lancaster until <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5845617/dr_john_light_atleeobit1885/" target="_blank">his death there</a> in 1885. Unlike his uncle, Edwin Atlee, John remained a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=I9ICAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PR42">member of the Episcopal</a> Church.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline">
</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><i><b>Elizabeth Amelia</b></i></span><br />
Elizabeth Amelia Atlee (1801-1848) married <span class="hitline">in 1824 <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=nXbkAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA4">Rev. Alexander Varian</a>, an Episcopal minister and missionary to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=nXbkAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA18">Vincennes</a>, Indiana, who was transferred from the diocese in Ohio. Rev. Varian <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=nXbkAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA73">and his daughters,</a> Sarah and Harriet, operated a boarding school for young ladies there in the 1850's.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><i><b><span class="hitline">William Lewis Atlee</span></b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline">William Lewis Atlee (1803-1880), </span><span class="hitline">the second son, may sometimes become confused with the youngest of the four Atlee sons of this generation because he used the initials W. L. for his name, which were the same as those of Washington Lemuel Atlee, five years younger, who, to avoid confusion, apparently tried to use his full name rather than only the initials. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VmpDdBGDChp8OZseAoPEBNJJ8LqOaDYKcV2Rf8Pc2PNhWu4dhyphenhyphen4-vQLqLMTYwdHzHBiSa2uGJg1Gw0A5nylG0rjczenYcgy11eaHJj-MfciByQ_Z_tg95nleqy5voP1Awk_7q6iV_qZp/s1600/Edwin+Atlee_saddle+maker_1836.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VmpDdBGDChp8OZseAoPEBNJJ8LqOaDYKcV2Rf8Pc2PNhWu4dhyphenhyphen4-vQLqLMTYwdHzHBiSa2uGJg1Gw0A5nylG0rjczenYcgy11eaHJj-MfciByQ_Z_tg95nleqy5voP1Awk_7q6iV_qZp/s400/Edwin+Atlee_saddle+maker_1836.jpg" width="236" /></a><span class="hitline">W. L. was married in 1828 in Gettysburg to </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Sarah Gilbert, </span>a sister of his younger brother's wife, Delilah. William and Edwin Atlee went into business together in Gettysburg, making equipment for horse-drawn carriages as well as saddles and bridles. </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">In 1840 m</span>uch of the extended family of Atlees and Gilberts had also relocated to Athens, continuing in the same business begun in Gettysburg--manufacturing saddles, harnesses and other equipment used in horse-borne transportation. But they were no longer Episcopal or Quaker; all of this branch had become Methodists.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Their e</span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">ldest daughter, Sarah Elizabeth Atlee, in 1847
married Rev. William Reynolds Long, and they reared twelve </span></span></span><span class="hitline">children</span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> in rural McMinn County, earning their living by farming</span>. One of their children, <a href="http://catalog.gcah.org/publicdata/gcah3844.htm" target="_blank">Rev. Carroll Summerfield Long</a>, however, served as a Methodist missionary to Japan after studying at </span><span class="hitline">East Tennessee Wesleyan. Arriving in Japan in 1880, Rev. Carroll Long served </span><span class="hitline">a total of eight years, mostly in Nagasaki, where he founded Cobleigh
Seminary (1881), was presiding elder of the
Nagasaki and Nagoya districts. He even founded a school for girls
in Nagoya (October 1888) before his death in 1890.</span><br />
<ul><ul></ul>
</ul>
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><i><b>Edwin Augustus Atlee</b></i></span> <br />
It is easy to confuse Edwin Augustus Atlee (1804-1868) with his uncle with the same name--the youngest son of William Augustus Atlee. This second Edwin, however, was not a physician but a saddle and harness manufacturer. In 1826 he married Delilah Gilbert, a young lady who lived in
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (born 1809), whose father, Barnhart (Bernhart/Bernhardt) Gilbert, had owned a pub across the street from the courthouse in Gettysburg since 1812. The pub and its contiguous land was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6327050/barnhart_gilbertpub1837/" target="_blank">sold in 1827</a> to the Bank of Gettysburg (later called Gettysburg National Bank), of which <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6327004/barnhart_gilbertgettysburg_bank/" target="_blank">Gilbert had been a founder</a> and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=J5spAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA12" target="_blank">shareholder</a> in 1814, also a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=J5spAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA120" target="_blank">director</a> for four years. Delilah's younger sister, Sarah Gilbert, would marry Edwin's older brother, William Lewis Atlee two years later.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><i><b>Catherine Esther Atlee</b></i></span><br />
Catherine Esther Atlee (1806-1879) married Henry Pinkerton in 1825.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><i><b><span class="hitline">Washington Lemuel Atlee</span></b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline">The youngest
son was <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=134520356">Washington Lemuel Atlee</a>
</span><span class="hitline">(1808-1878), would also become a medical doctor, </span>an 1828 graduate of
Jefferson College. He practiced medicine in Lancaster, Pa. until 1845 when he moved to Philadelphia as <span class="hitline">chemistry professor at Jefferson's successor, the Philadelphia Medical College, later known as Pennsylvania Medical College</span><span class="hitline">. He resigned in 1852 to specialize in
surgery to remove ovarian tumors. </span>Dr. Washington L. Atlee was the last surviving member of the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6419275/pennsylvania_medical_college1847/" target="_blank">Pennsylvania Medical College</a> where the surgical chair was in 1845 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/commemorativebio00jmru#page/1162/mode/2up" target="_blank">occupied by Dr. David Gilbert</a>. Others in that department were Dr. William R. Grant, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/American_Medical_Biographies/Darrach,_William" target="_blank">William Darrach</a>, H. L. Patterson, and J. Wiltbank, besides Dr. Atlee.<br />
<br />
<span class="hitline">His wife since 1830 was Ann Hoff, granddaughter of a German clockmaker who had settled in Lancaster in 1765. Her father, <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=75868192" target="_blank">John Hoff, </a>was born in Lancaster the year the revolution began. Their first child, named <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=134521587" target="_blank">George McClellan Atlee</a> for the doctor who founded Jefferson College, died as an infant, but subsequent children did survive. </span><br />
<ul><ul><ul>
<li>Eliza Varian Atlee (1836-1899) married John Foreman Sheaff in 1858.</li>
<li>Ann Catherine Atlee (1832-1882) married David Burpee, M.D.</li>
<li>Mary Louise Atlee (1833-1901) married Thomas Murray Drysdale, M.D. of Philadelphia, who served as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6420076/washington_l_atleewill/" target="_blank">Dr. Atlee's literary executor</a> upon his father-in-law's death in 1878.</li>
<li>Margaret Atlee (1839-1917) married George A. Hoff in 1879.</li>
<li>Dr. Washington Lemuel Atlee, Jr. (1841-1900) married Anna M. West in 1864. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
In Part VI, we will move the family to Texas, where the most notorious descendant lived out his life, his notoriety being the fact that he spent a career in the Central Intelligence Agency and has been documented to have been involved in not only setting up fellow Fort Worth resident Lee Harvey Oswald as the patsy blamed for killing President John F. Kennedy, but very likely was himself involved in planning that murder.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-32927469900265723932016-08-07T12:08:00.000-05:002016-08-23T08:29:58.190-05:00The Story of DAVID ATLEE PHILLIPS (Part IV)<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
Continued from <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html">Part I</a> , <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html">Part II</a>, and <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">Part III</a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Nine Children of William Augustus Atlee</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimeHRUaQls6yMdJXXnGxzDPbjHRSilN-xhCPSjfId-m5vEKQOU_SgCRVehP0qLYM1o3Sq38QUIUKoN2vGr4rdnTUmN0hIv3HARMU6Ttd6fLbLxMY_SSb3WY9RcSwuXzayygY1e8VNylLeL/s1600/Wm+Augustus+Atlee+pic2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimeHRUaQls6yMdJXXnGxzDPbjHRSilN-xhCPSjfId-m5vEKQOU_SgCRVehP0qLYM1o3Sq38QUIUKoN2vGr4rdnTUmN0hIv3HARMU6Ttd6fLbLxMY_SSb3WY9RcSwuXzayygY1e8VNylLeL/s200/Wm+Augustus+Atlee+pic2.jpg" width="152" /></a></div>
<span class="hitline">William Augustus Atlee's wife, formerly Esther Sayre, began having children in 1764. His</span><span class="hitline"> mother, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">Jane Alcock Atlee</a>, died </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> in 1777 </span>in
Lancaster, where she had lived as a widow for more than thirty years.</span><span class="hitline"> The same year his mother died, William A. Atlee had been named a circuit justice of the Supreme
Court of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, established under a new <a href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/pa08.asp" target="_blank">Constitution</a>, written pursuant to an expressed wish of the Continental Congress. </span><span class="hitline">The first four Atlee children were girls who,
although they would not pass on the Atlee surname, did give their
children traditional Atlee names, while their marriages connected them
to eminent families. </span><br />
<span class="hitline"><br /></span>
<b><i><span class="hitline">Elizabeth Amelia Atlee White</span></i></b><br />
<span class="hitline">The eldest child, </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n42/mode/2up" target="_blank">Elizabeth Amelia Atlee</a>, in 1786, married <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3Yc-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA892" target="_blank">Major Moses White</a> from Rutland, Massachusetts, an </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><a href="http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-18-02-0137" target="_blank">aide-de-camp during the war</a> to his cousin, Brigadier General <a href="https://archive.org/stream/statementoffacts00whit#page/n7/mode/2up" target="_blank">Moses Hazen</a>. Their marriage resulted in her move to Massachusetts, where White worked diligently for decades </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">as Executor </span></span></span>of the Hazen estate. Moses White's mother, </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Miriam Hoyt Hazen, had been the widow of </span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">of Moses Hazen's brother</span></span></span></span></span></span>, </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Richard Hazen,before her marriage to </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>John White, in 1753. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlH0_tK8mvEVUpDL-XJJsFkLBkFxpDWtETebfBtzXwvZcJsQWe3Qz3UOH-IyucGASL699V4gkwmowbp5IsDudu1ynFwq1EZemGsqoIhyphenhyphenguKulCktnXZ-PNCjJ65MT6vq3dJfVeSnNQof0H/s1600/Phillips+Academy+founders.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlH0_tK8mvEVUpDL-XJJsFkLBkFxpDWtETebfBtzXwvZcJsQWe3Qz3UOH-IyucGASL699V4gkwmowbp5IsDudu1ynFwq1EZemGsqoIhyphenhyphenguKulCktnXZ-PNCjJ65MT6vq3dJfVeSnNQof0H/s400/Phillips+Academy+founders.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Phillips founded Academy at Exeter and Andover.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">In 1803 </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Elizabeth Atlee White's younger sister, </span></span></span>Charlotte Hazen Atlee, who had been four years of age when her sister married, was wed to Moses White's younger brother, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descendantsofwil00whit#page/20/mode/2up" target="_blank">Nathaniel</a>. </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">It is possible that she had moved to live with the Whites in Massachusetts after her parents died. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
The White brothers were related by marriage to some of the most elite
members of colonial society, including the person for whom the youngest
child was named. <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpXPg4mD_XZbh0Ymyw8DqMBmNTD-DIQQxlT0idfgcXI7xsfjdf09iVcf-tX4yJypNpYkSoIszWHXU3M3e9Z91D6zut3dPT03TrGUnzLmtfdOSjittXCE7gMLA34WuQNIflcBXBP5hrtzcT/s1600/SamuelPhillips.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpXPg4mD_XZbh0Ymyw8DqMBmNTD-DIQQxlT0idfgcXI7xsfjdf09iVcf-tX4yJypNpYkSoIszWHXU3M3e9Z91D6zut3dPT03TrGUnzLmtfdOSjittXCE7gMLA34WuQNIflcBXBP5hrtzcT/s200/SamuelPhillips.jpeg" width="155" /></a><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Hazen's first was wife, Abigail White, daughter of </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descendantsofwil00whit#page/6/mode/2up" target="_blank">John and Lydia Gilman White</a>, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">married Rev. Samuel Phillips of Andover, brother of John Phillips, </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">who </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">in 1781 </span></span></span>endowed and chartered the elite <a href="http://emuseum.chs.org/emuseum/view/people/asitem/P/52/displayName-asc?t:state:flow=b51ffa13-1de4-415e-9da1-2be4f518984e" target="_blank">Phillips Academy in Exeter, N. H</a>. and in 1783 the Phillips Academy in Andover.</span></span></span> In fact, three White siblings married Phillips siblings. See <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descendantsofwil00whit#page/8/mode/2up" target="_blank"><i>The Genealogy of William White</i></a>, which shows the intermarriages between the <a href="http://dunhamwilcox.net/me/me_bio_white.htm" target="_blank">White</a>, Hazen and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3Yc-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA880" target="_blank">Phillips</a> families.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi0z5uRWniDLS79tRYXHLGzDL2MZFt81SihoHBSa-_WCV4zrxrCjkZg-pksmit7dZCChFzAqgBjwTu6zVPWYwAPWZZAdt485WPi19jG2x58R3tmgFk2lPonpcbvelmJZZf_IbPmF90lSek/s1600/Portrait_of_John_Phillips.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi0z5uRWniDLS79tRYXHLGzDL2MZFt81SihoHBSa-_WCV4zrxrCjkZg-pksmit7dZCChFzAqgBjwTu6zVPWYwAPWZZAdt485WPi19jG2x58R3tmgFk2lPonpcbvelmJZZf_IbPmF90lSek/s200/Portrait_of_John_Phillips.jpeg" width="172" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Phillips, Exeter founder</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">John
and Lydia White's son, William, married John's sister, Sarah Phillips,
while son Samuel White married Ruth Phillips. A daughter, Abigail White
married General Moses Hazen, mentioned above. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
One daughter, Elizabeth Amelia White, in 1824 married a son of Oliver Peabody, trustee of the Academy <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bUZAAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA91">from 1794</a> until 1828, its treasurer <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bUZAAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA92">from 1808</a>. Elizabeth and her husband, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VcWEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA434">Rev. William Bourne Oliver Peabody</a>, had a son who, with her husband's twin brother, Oliver W. Peabody, helped found the investment firm <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5918222/w_b_o_peabody_father_of_founder_of/">Kidder, Peabody & Co</a>.<span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>1</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1_PG6LT-Ytx1a8zv06Pe18GNhAiE9SucvFJSEOk7txKOimbO26ORVti7-SJ7hbqPSodkcxQdrn4slcqMW__ncdluYxNGle7J2MwC7GvU5PJX7ecybrk0Qqu88RmoXEFpLRN4w-41aiCWf/s1600/Phillips+logos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="83" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1_PG6LT-Ytx1a8zv06Pe18GNhAiE9SucvFJSEOk7txKOimbO26ORVti7-SJ7hbqPSodkcxQdrn4slcqMW__ncdluYxNGle7J2MwC7GvU5PJX7ecybrk0Qqu88RmoXEFpLRN4w-41aiCWf/s200/Phillips+logos.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Meanwhile
the Phillips Academies founded in Exeter, New Hampshire, and at
Andover, Massachusetts, were becoming among the schools where the most
elite of the revolutionary patriots chose to have their sons educated
for university preparation for college at Harvard and Yale. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<i><b><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Mary Rachel Atlee James</span></span></span></b></i><br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">The second daughter, Mary Rachel Atlee, married in 1798, several years after her parents died and just a year
before her late father's close colleague, Judge McKean, became Pennsylvania's
governor.</span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> McKean appointed Mary's husband, <a href="http://www.camgenpa.com/books/SA/p026.html" target="_blank">Edward Victor James</a>, </span></span></span>prothonotary
for Cambria County, Pennsylvania, created in 1805, although
Mary died before he could take office in 1808.<br />
<br />
Settlement had already
begun to move westward, and Edward James had acquired a tract of land in
the county and set out to develop the village of Munster, Pennsylvania, which he hoped
would become the county seat once Cambria County was carved out. Munster
unfortunately lost out to Ebensburg, almost twice its size. Also in the
running was Loretto, the Catholic area dominated by a <a href="http://www.camgenpa.com/books/SA/p026.html" target="_blank">Catholic priest</a>, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Father Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin</a>, a Russian prince whose father had been Russia's ambassador to the Netherlands. Gallitzin was the sole priest at Loretto--the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=I9E1AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA558" target="_blank">only Catholic church</a>
between Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and St. Louis, and he played another
role as well, also leading drills for the 142nd Pennsylvania Militia, which
would fight in the war of 1812. <span style="color: red;"><b>2</b></span> <br />
<br />
<b><i><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Jane Atlee Rigg</span></span></i></b><br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Jane Atlee (born 1769) married Elisha Rigg, who had been sent by the Episcopal Church as minister to the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cCktAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA177" target="_blank">St. James Church</a> in Lancaster prior to marrying his young parishioner in 1790. By 1799 he and Jane moved </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">to Queen Anne's County, Maryland,</span></span> where he was transferred to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cCktAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA254" target="_blank">St. Paul's Church</a> to serve under America's first Episcopal Bishop Thomas John Claggett. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=w7oYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA228" target="_blank">Rev. Henry Lyon Davis</a> was nearby in St. Mary's County and in Cecil County, serving under <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=qDo3AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA25" target="_blank">Bishop Claggett</a>. Previously, while researching </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">Presidents Bush Walker family</a></span></span>,
we noted that Rev. Davis was the brother-in-law of Ann Mercer Davis,
Harriet Mercer Walker's sister. Harriet had married George E. Walker in
Cecil County and later moved to Illinois, where her son David Davis
Walker was born. (See genealogy chart <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">here</a>.) After her husband's death in Maryland in 1804, Jane apparently returned to Lancaster with her children.</span> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline">There were three sons who followed. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><i><b>William Pitt Atlee </b></i></span></span><br />
<span class="hitline">The first William Pitt Atlee (born in 1770) died
at the age of two--the same year a second son was born and given his
deceased brother's name. It is this second <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n68/mode/2up" target="_blank">William Pitt Atlee</a> whose branch will be followed in the next segment. It is from his branch that David Atlee Phillips is derived. For simplicity, a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeRFMxbTRqVTIxZnM/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">chart</a> is inserted below to compare this branch (bracketed in red) with the other siblings, since the same names appear in various generations.</span><br />
<span class="hitline"><br /></span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFB8tRHcGR_vlQGoqdTqRttEZA-NufQnkDvvnFzIvB67fyQnfd_Ng5Jr5M-tcyK1ffCbll1nUoT4fr-EvtW2zLMtCLOW5RHFo4fV_AmEhHAYwyLje8CKyXzS_P-bEbyuk3jsIgU0gZOUI/s1600/Atlee+Tree_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFB8tRHcGR_vlQGoqdTqRttEZA-NufQnkDvvnFzIvB67fyQnfd_Ng5Jr5M-tcyK1ffCbll1nUoT4fr-EvtW2zLMtCLOW5RHFo4fV_AmEhHAYwyLje8CKyXzS_P-bEbyuk3jsIgU0gZOUI/s640/Atlee+Tree_1.jpg" width="531" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeRFMxbTRqVTIxZnM/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">here</a> for pdf format file.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span class="hitline"><i><b>John Sayre Atlee</b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n42/mode/2up" target="_blank">John Sayre Atlee</a> (born 1774) was a craftsman who lived in Columbia, Pennsylvania, who <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=tCxBAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA377" target="_blank">made clock cabinets</a>,
and appears to have married Elizabeth Fritz in 1848 at Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, and died there in 1852, having little contact with the
rest of the Atlee family.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline"><i><b>Edwin Augustus Atlee </b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n86/mode/2up" target="_blank">Edwin Augustus Atlee</a> (born 1776) went to Dickinson College at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduating in <a href="https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofbelle00dick#page/12/mode/2up" target="_blank">1792</a> in the same class with future Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney, who also had ties to <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">Mount St. Mary's</a> in Maryland. Edwin married in 1798 Margaret Snyder, whose uncle became Pennsylvania's third governor, <a href="http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_pennsylvania/col2-content/main-content-list/title_snyder_simon.default.html" target="_blank">Simon Snyder</a>.
Not officially elected to the governorship until 1808, Snyder had
opposed McKean in 1805, when his Jeffersonian friends attempted to oust </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">"the old patriot," </span>by means of a plan hatched in a Lancaster tavern, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5935491/rivalry_between_simon_snyder_and_thomas/" target="_blank">described</a>
in the Gettysburg press as "sudden, daring and dangerous attempts to
demolish the fabric of government and to overthrow the present
Republican Administration." </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1BK1E3a92Tx4gSLFeAEXCK2dk9BbRUQeZhyphenhyphenJ2wAJCyUZR3HD2Betn6vTn6akbJsJ5piSIFwDx-tlt1uXvFju-8kAuYWhg4kMbtRZYC4hh4N20Jo8XO3jhVtujElFpRavgUUA4p2TcD_Mn/s1600/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1BK1E3a92Tx4gSLFeAEXCK2dk9BbRUQeZhyphenhyphenJ2wAJCyUZR3HD2Betn6vTn6akbJsJ5piSIFwDx-tlt1uXvFju-8kAuYWhg4kMbtRZYC4hh4N20Jo8XO3jhVtujElFpRavgUUA4p2TcD_Mn/s200/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%27s_House_%28Philadelphia%29" target="_blank">President's Residence in Philadelphia</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="hitline">Returning to Lancaster after graduation from Dickinson, Edwin, a member of a Lancaster <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" target="_blank">militia</a>, was called up during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" target="_blank">Whiskey Insurrection</a>,
1791-1794, which required security to protect President George
Washington in Philadelphia. During his military experience, Edwin
witnessed the terrible consequences of </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">a yellow fever epidemic in 1793, which resulted in his father's death, and likely was the stimulus for his change</span> from a study of law to a career in medicine. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline">He then enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania's Institutes of Medicine, which Dr. Benjamin Rush (<a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bykt2zCHeGHeV2tESFB2bHIya0k" target="_blank">page 131</a>) had organized to give medical care to revolutionary soldiers and studied under Dr. Benjamin Barton (<a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bykt2zCHeGHeV2tESFB2bHIya0k" target="_blank">page 138</a>), a boyhood friend from Lancaster. His son, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n86/mode/2up" target="_blank">Edwin Pitt Atlee</a>, born in 1799, would also graduate from the University's medical institute and practice medicine in Philadelphia. </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN1BMq2j7g-G8CDd8Q4RpB1xQNFOjWhUVNIDH_fI5WUgcQJWXZiSAuELe8LiP8H9lXDvz6-5hRcYgb8M1pZcQnLbirhMuKZjYnvglkXieo1B-0dry2QdUpYG6pB0BMaekr8lvulyCHXZlK/s1600/George_McClellan_JMC.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN1BMq2j7g-G8CDd8Q4RpB1xQNFOjWhUVNIDH_fI5WUgcQJWXZiSAuELe8LiP8H9lXDvz6-5hRcYgb8M1pZcQnLbirhMuKZjYnvglkXieo1B-0dry2QdUpYG6pB0BMaekr8lvulyCHXZlK/s200/George_McClellan_JMC.jpg" width="162" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. George B. McClellan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="hitline">Both Edwin Atlees (E. A. and E.
P.) joined the Society of Friends, departing from the Atlees' tradition
in the Anglican and Episcopal church. Both Drs. Atlee were in
Philadelphia in 1817 at the time George B. McClellan (<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeaWh1SWVWbUZ1Yk0/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">page 160</a>)
entered the city for his medical studies, and they would often be named
with him as doctors who recommended certain patented medications, such
as the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5844871/dr_e_p_atleephiladelphia_medical/" target="_blank">hernia truss</a> and <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5844658/parkers_panaceaatlee1827/" target="_blank">Parker's Panacea</a>. Dr. McClellan established his surgical practice in 1821 and, in 1824, </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">sought and received the charter for the Jefferson Medical College. Edwin A.'s nephew,</span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/American_Medical_Biographies/Atlee,_Washington_Lemuel" target="_blank">Dr. Washington Lemuel Atlee</a> (</span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">sometimes known as <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=IEJCyIWg_IYC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA18" target="_blank">Dr. Washington Light Atlee</a>), was a private pupil of McClellan's and </span></span></span>graduated in 1829. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">It
is most interesting here to note that Dr. (later civil war General)
McClellan came to Philadelphia from Connecticut, where he had studied
under <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rVkdAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA74" target="_blank">Dr. Thomas Hubbard</a>, the head of surgery at Yale. Hubbard's <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=29895287" target="_blank">daughter</a> married William Huntington Russell, <a href="http://www.ctrl.org/boodleboys/boodleboys1.html" target="_blank">co-founder of Skull and Bones</a>. </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> </span><span class="hitline">I have written about Hubbard and Russell previously <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/life-and-ancestry-of-william-huntington.html" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/02/money-may-not-smell-but.html" target="_blank">here</a>. </span>I</span></span><span class="hitline">ncidentally, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Dr. James William Scanlan</a>, </span><span class="hitline">nephew
of Bush ancestor George E. Walker, received his medical degree from
Jefferson during the same time Dr. Atlee was in Philadelphia. The
pattern which is emerging indicates that both the Walker/Bush family and
the Atlee family have a strong historical connection to the University
of Pennsylvania, where America's medical establishment was founded.</span><br />
<span class="hitline">In <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4TZKAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PR35" target="_blank">1829 Dr. Edwin A. Atlee moved </a>to </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4TZKAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA175" target="_blank">pastor</a> of the <a href="http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohj/search/display.php?page=20&ipp=20&searchterm=body%20snatching&vol=61&pages=235-261" target="_blank">First New Jerusalem Society</a> (</span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Swedenborgian </span>denomination). </span></span><span class="hitline">His medical practice was at W. 4th and N. Main streets, while he also had the title of <a href="http://www.morganohiolibrary.com/CincinnatiDirectory1831.html" target="_blank">vice president</a> at the</span> <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cvErAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA87" target="_blank">First District Medical Society of Ohio</a>. By 1832, his son, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5844871/dr_e_p_atleephiladelphia_medical/" target="_blank">Dr. Edwin P. Atlee,</a> had become a professor at the Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati as well as being pastor of the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n406/mode/2up/search/atlee" target="_blank">Cincinnati Society</a> church.<br />
In 1822 Edwin Pitt Atlee was married to <a href="http://www.pennock.ws/surnames/fam/fam36464.html" target="_blank">Margaret Collins Bullock</a>, who gave birth to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fmIUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA52" target="_blank">seven children</a>. Following her husband's death in 1836, Margaret married <a href="https://archive.org/stream/longstrethfamily00tayl#page/n281/mode/2up" target="_blank">William W. Longstreth</a>.,
a hardware merchant whose interest coal transportation developed into
his becoming president of the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1864.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIwvhGU0Jvw64g1ogdIkMyF0L7vmjww0ZFiEJ4rxckAYFamt-IEYutJLQBxWQBLi3T-nUqV6cteRANDF64tsaoq7ASjn90uDjd2vl1TixHYIvd8wvuVEmO1eR-2ChStStdfYNMTtS2OBD/s1600/Rev-Samuel-J-Browne-1788-1872.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIwvhGU0Jvw64g1ogdIkMyF0L7vmjww0ZFiEJ4rxckAYFamt-IEYutJLQBxWQBLi3T-nUqV6cteRANDF64tsaoq7ASjn90uDjd2vl1TixHYIvd8wvuVEmO1eR-2ChStStdfYNMTtS2OBD/s200/Rev-Samuel-J-Browne-1788-1872.jpg" width="188" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Browne</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Edwin Pitt's younger sister, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n88/mode/2up" target="_blank">Esther Barton Atlee</a>, married in 1839 <a href="http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi/pages.suddenlink.net/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=60690114" target="_blank">Samuel J. Browne</a>, a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5936727/samuel_j_brownewill_invalid1873/" target="_blank">miserly</a>
pioneer of Cincinnati, who died very wealthy in 1872. Several months
before his death, he killed a young boy who had gone into Browne's back
yard to fetch a ball. The press had a field day, and a grand jury was in
the act of voting an <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5936588/samuel_j_brownedead_by_the_time_of/" target="_blank">indictment</a> against him at the moment he died.<br />
<br />
Browne had invested funds to buy stock in the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5936898/will_of_samuel_j_browneuniversity/" target="_blank">Eastern Texas Railroad</a> Company to be built in Texas at Sabine Pass, and a stepson, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n90/mode/2up" target="_blank">Edwin Augustus At Lee Barker</a>,
had moved to east Texas to oversee the investment for several years
immediately prior to the start of the civil war. Barker's own two sons
had, in fact, been born in Sabine Pass, Texas in the early 1860s.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately,
the war had devastated that investment, and the rails, removed to hide
them from looters, were then stolen by the Confederate army. Browne's
will left the land grants, which he hoped would be paid by the State of
Texas for building of this road, to the children of his daughter, wife
of Dr. Jacob H. Hunt. The railroad was completed after the Civil War
under a different name, <a href="http://www.treetexas.com/research/railroad/?action=view&cid=108" target="_blank">Sabine and East Texas Railway</a>. [See Sabine Pass at southeast corner of Texas on <a href="http://www.csa-railroads.com/images/Western%20Railroads.pdf" target="_blank">map</a>.]<br />
<br />
You may recall from this blog that the Byrd family and G. H. Walker were involved in building railroads in <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-dh-byrds-uncle-and-cousin-met-gh.html" target="_blank">southeastern Missouri</a> and northern Mississippi, and that David Atlee Phillips' ancestor, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part-i.html" target="_blank">Dr. Charles G. Young</a>,
had met his wife Mary in Cincinnati, Ohio, while there studying
medicine. After Dr. Young completed his studies, he moved to Louisiana,
where their first child, <a href="http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=wjohn55447&id=I73245" target="_blank">Caroline</a>, was born in 1844. In about 1851 he began working to build a railroad between <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6020455/dr_c_g_youngrailroad1851/" target="_blank">Shreveport</a> and <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6020402/vicksburg_shreveport_and_texas/" target="_blank">Vicksburg</a>, and in 1855 sat on a committee with <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6020455/dr_c_g_youngrailroad1851/" target="_blank">Albert Pike</a>
in a "commercial convention" in New Orleans. All that had happened
before he brought his family to Texas where he continued building the
railroad, and where he met his untimely <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html" target="_blank">death in 1871</a>.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMqJReXxODmH7vnh1dki-URVMCSTnVyn6mrPf0_zlkPhyCaRhcDMW0jCm-hmAC0PkBmmZLQujrQf0dMu70tbVRb5jg4lc2w8c-1sJ-TAfbUJzNoyUTcUEmzfP0FDvopMGL2Xn1j40giIym/s1600/swedenborg.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMqJReXxODmH7vnh1dki-URVMCSTnVyn6mrPf0_zlkPhyCaRhcDMW0jCm-hmAC0PkBmmZLQujrQf0dMu70tbVRb5jg4lc2w8c-1sJ-TAfbUJzNoyUTcUEmzfP0FDvopMGL2Xn1j40giIym/s200/swedenborg.jpg" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/swd/" target="_blank">Swedenborg</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Another sister of Edwin Pitt Atlee, Mary Patience Atlee (born 1806 in Lancaster), married George Africanus O'Brien, son of <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5937625/richard_obrien_letterconsul_to/" target="_blank">Richard O'Brien, consul</a>
in both Italy and Algeria during very earliest days of the U.S. State
Department. George, born during his father's duties in Africa, married
Mary in Philadelphia in 1827, and they would have nine children before
Mary's death in 1862. The wedding took place in the midst of the "<a href="http://www.quakerinfo.org/quakerism/branches/history" target="_blank">great separation</a>" period, as reflected in the fact that the wedding ceremony was performed by Swedenborgian pastor, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=opMwmE6E7QkC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA172" target="_blank">Rev. Manning B. Roche</a>, who had been <a href="https://www.lycoming.edu/umarch/chronicles/2002/7.swedenborgian.pdf" target="_blank">deposed as an Episcopal</a> priest in 1822. Dr. Atlee was then living in Cincinnati, where he was a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=opMwmE6E7QkC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA173" target="_blank">licentiate</a>. One year after Mary's marriage to O'Brien, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n372/mode/2up" target="_blank">Rev. Roche would make "an evangelistic tour"</a> to Cincinnati, where in 1829 Dr. Atlee became <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n384/mode/2up/search/atlee" target="_blank">resident pastor</a>. He <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n406/mode/2up/search/atlee" target="_blank">resigned</a> in 1832, and by <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n432/mode/2up/search/atlee" target="_blank">1835</a> he was back in Philadelphia, preaching at the "Free Quaker" meeting house. By <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n572/mode/2up/search/atlee" target="_blank">1847</a> he was a missionary. In a <a href="https://www.lycoming.edu/umarch/chronicles/2002/7.swedenborgian.pdf" target="_blank">letter</a> which mentions both <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsnewchurch00odhngoog#page/n432/mode/2up/search/atlee" target="_blank">Roche</a> and Atlee, Atlee's role in the Swedenborgian movement was laid out:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://www.lycoming.edu/umarch/chronicles/2002/7.swedenborgian.pdf">Atlee, Dr. Edwin Augustus</a>
(1776-1852) – prominent Philadelphia Quaker physician and religious
activist. Born in Lancaster, he attended Dickinson College and was
converted at a Methodist camp meeting – even serving as a Methodist
pastor before turning to the simpler and more sacrificial lifestyle he
saw in within the Friends. In 1825, letters were published between Atlee
and Elias Hicks, leader of the 1827 Hicksite split in the Society of
Friends. In 1826, Atlee embraced Swedenborgianism. After the original
New Church congregation lost its temple, mainly due to the financial
collapse of William Schlatter, Dr. Atlee and Manning Roche led separate
societies that met in community halls. He resigned from the denomination
in 1832 in a letter which reads in part: “Although I am fully persuaded
and convinced that the doctrines of the New Jerusalem are Heavenly, and
as a system perfect, yet I am equally convinced that by reuniting with
Friends I shall best qualify myself for realizing in life the Divine
Truths of the Word, and for usefulness in the vineyards of the Lord.” </blockquote>
<i><b><span class="hitline">Esther Bowes Atlee</span></b></i><br />
<span class="hitline">Esther Bowes Atlee (born 1778)</span><span class="hitline"> but died in 1781.</span><br />
<br />
<i><b><span class="hitline">Sarah Ann Atlee</span><span class="hitline"> </span></b></i><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n100/mode/2up">Sarah Ann Atlee</a> (born 1780) was left motherless at the age of ten <span class="hitline">when Esther Atlee died in 1790. </span><span class="hitline">A year later, Judge Atlee purchased a <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyoflancast02elli#page/n13/mode/2up" target="_blank">mill with 57 acres</a> of land lived in the attached </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> mansion </span>with his daughters until his own death two years later</span> when a <span class="hitline"><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=WsQxAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA267" target="_blank">yellow fever</a> </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">epidemic </span></span>returned to </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Philadelphia after 30 years of absence. </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">The youngest Atlee girls, ages eleven and thirteen when their father died, lost their home in 1795, when the Orphan's Court</span> ordered it to be sold. A year after the mansion was sold, Sarah Ann Atlee, at the age of 16, </span><span class="hitline"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n100/mode/2up" target="_blank">married</a> a wealthy surveyor named <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=olwoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA46" target="_blank">Thomas Vickroy</a> who was more than twice her age. A <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=olwoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA46" target="_blank">widower with five children</a>,
he took his teenage bride west to Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania, where his
surveying business was centered, and together they had several more children. Familiar
with her family's heritage, Sarah gave her children family names: Her
first son was William Atlee Vickroy. Her first daughter was named Esther
Amelia, but called "Hettie," who before 1823 married Jacob W.
Slick. She </span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">died in 1861 after moving to </span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Johnstown in Cambria County, where Jacob Slick died in 1879.</span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"> <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=olwoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA48" target="_blank">Edwin Augustus Vickroy</a> became a surveyor, like his father, and often ran unsuccessfully for county surveyor of Cambia County </span></span></span><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">as a Republican</span></span></span>.</span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline"><i><b>Charlotte Hazen Atlee </b></i></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n110/mode/2up" target="_blank">Charlotte Hazen Atlee</a> (born 1782<span class="hitline">) was named for the wife of Brigadier General Moses Hazen, </span></span><br />
<span class="hitline"><span class="hitline">Charlotte de la Saussaye, from Montreal, where he had married her in 1770. Following the war, Hazen was stationed in Lancaster, </span></span>Pennsylvania, where the Atlees lived, while he was officer in charge of prisoner guard duty there. One of his <a href="http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collections/0b31bd73-48b1-4ecd-b233-369038635530" target="_blank">decisions</a> resulted in an
incident, known as the "<a href="https://www.sethkaller.com/item/1426-George-Washington-on-the-Impending-Execution-of-Charles-Asgill:-%E2%80%9CThe-Enemy-ought-to-have-learnt-before-this,-that-my-Resolutions-are-not-to-be-trifled-with.%E2%80%9D&from=5" target="_blank">Asgill Affair,</a>" which drew President Washington into a diplomatic quandary. Hazen was <a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/bcf4e50c-cc03-6423-e040-e00a18061eb6" target="_blank">in communication</a> during the incident with <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6709798" target="_blank">Edward Hand</a>, the doctor-turned-Army officer under <span class="hitline">whom
William Augustus Atlee's youngest son Edwin eventually studied
medicine. It appears quite likely, therefore, that Hazen's wife,
Charlotte, had followed her husband to Lancaster and had become close
friends with Esther Atlee, especially since she was present as a
"sponsor"
at the baptism of their youngest daughter on October 17, 1782. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="hitline">As
stated previously, Esther died in 1790, leaving Charlotte without a
mother at the age of eight years. When her father also died three years
later, it appears that Charlotte was taken into the home of either her
godmother, Charlotte Hazen, or her eldest sister, who had married Gen.
Hazen's paymaster and aide, Moses White. When Charlotte was 21, she
married Nathaniel Hazen White, the half-brother of her sister's husband.
Both he and her first child had died by 1805, and Charlotte turned to
the Baptist church in Haverhill for solace, especially after <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=3Yc-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA892" target="_blank">her sister, Elizabeth Amelia White</a>, died in 1808. A few years later she became a Baptist <a href="https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsbapt00socigoog#page/n116/mode/1up" target="_blank">missionary</a> chosen to accompany a missionary couple named Hough to Rangoon, India. In a <a href="https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsbapt00socigoog#page/n163/mode/1up" target="_blank">letter to the mission board</a> she explained what led her to that decision. While on the <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6nBKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=adoniram+judson+%22joshua+rowe%22&source=bl&ots=PqUM3CPcyo&sig=IIFX3bgdvz7ad6zHnu6dlUe_tkE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhicPL-qzOAhXF7CYKHVQbCwwQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=adoniram%20judson%20%22joshua%20rowe%22&f=false" target="_blank">mission field in Serampore</a>,
she met and married Rev. Joshua Rowe. After his death in India in 1823,
she was left with twin girls and an infant son. A narrative dated
December 10, 1827, which appeared in the London Morning Herald, was<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6144405/charlotte_roweletter_from_london1828/" target="_blank"> reprinted</a> in a New York newspaper in 1828.</span><br />
<span class="hitline"><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-19916866387851271702016-07-07T13:52:00.002-05:002016-07-07T13:52:22.040-05:00The Story of DAVID ATLEE PHILLIPS (Part III) Continued from <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html">Part I</a> and <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-story-of-david-atlee-phillips-part.html">Part II</a><br />
<br />
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>DAVID ATLEE PHILLIPS:</b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">First American Atlee Ancestor</span></b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>by Linda Minor</b></i></span></div>
<br />
<br />
The importance of Phillips in the Kennedy assassination was first recognized by the House Select Committee investigator, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9LydPyR6fc&feature=share">Gaeton Fonzi</a>, as shown in the following interview with Stephen Carter.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/q9LydPyR6fc" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]-->It has long been stated that Phillips played a crucial role in setting up Lee Harvey Oswald as the "patsy," to take the fall when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. Without assuming his guilt, our research merely inquires whether he had a family background that would have given him necessary contacts inside Mexico and in Texas to conduct a "rogue" operation to depose a world leader and replace him with his Constitutional successor--the same thing the United States had been doing for decades in other countries.<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The First American Atlee</span></b></i></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJLkgCKP38BuFyQm6kJvO73o-c3hWx_Zh8IDZIu2um2-VnH3u_fEFzw3Mrt7RdpWOHsYV0Hv1GFcE8xTADSzeuY5ntpRVRjMDATycHGfLhDepozClugGETAAIrh4zyqByhTXOwoKVdQQuR/s1600/GeorgeI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJLkgCKP38BuFyQm6kJvO73o-c3hWx_Zh8IDZIu2um2-VnH3u_fEFzw3Mrt7RdpWOHsYV0Hv1GFcE8xTADSzeuY5ntpRVRjMDATycHGfLhDepozClugGETAAIrh4zyqByhTXOwoKVdQQuR/s200/GeorgeI.jpg" width="162" /></a></div>
We begin with the most romantic tale imaginable. William Atlee, second son of Samuel Atlee of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsrecollect00mitc#page/50/mode/2up/search/fordhook" target="_blank">Fordhook House</a> in Brentford, England, and <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA21" target="_blank">private secretary</a> to Sir Emanuel Howe (illegitimate son of George
I), fell in love with Jane Alcock, then maid of honor to <a href="http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2014/05/caroline-ansbach-georgian-queen-who-brought-enlightenment-britain-a" target="_blank">intellectual</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=9NQ4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1200" target="_blank">Queen Caroline</a>, wife of the Prince of Wales, who became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" target="_blank">King George II</a>,
in 1727, when his father died. Although Jane was a court favorite, destined to marry
among the royal court, she instead followed her true love to Bridgeton in the parish of
St. Michael, Barbados, where their marriage took place in 1734. Two days following the ceremony, the newlyweds set sail for Philadelphia and lived for a year with Caleb Ranstead <span style="color: red;"><b>2</b></span> in the heart of what was to become, not only a hotbed of revolution against King George III, but the seat of a new independent government.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9DMDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA2" target="_blank"><i>Eleanor Leslie, A Memoir</i></a></td></tr>
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A little background for readers who are not students of British history:<br />
<ul>
<li>Subsequent to the "glorious revolution" of 1688, the ruling monarch was made subservient to the People's representatives in Parliament. In 1701, the line of succession of the monarchy was passed by Parliament's Act of Settlement, declaring that, in the event the Stuarts' reign produced no legitimate Protestant heir, the throne would pass to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" target="_blank">Sophia of Hanover</a> (daughter of James I's daughter <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Elizabeth_(d._of_James_I.)" target="_blank">Elizabeth</a>, who had married Frederick V of Bohemia), or to Sophia's legitimate Protestant heir. It was thus Sophia's son who in 1714 became Britain's first Hanoverian king, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" target="_blank">George I</a>, and his son, already married to Caroline since 1705, became Prince of Wales. The entire entourage, except for George I's repudiated wife relocated from the German court to England in 1714.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Lord Howe was also known as <a href="http://thehistoryjunkie.com/general-william-howe/" target="_blank">Sir Emmanuel Howe</a>, whom William Atlee served in Barbados up until the year before
Howe's death in 1735. Jane Alcock Atlee had been at the court of King
George I at the same time as General Howe's father. As <a href="http://www.revolutionary-war.net/general-william-howe.html" target="_blank">rumor</a> has it,<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">Emanuel Howe's mother was the lover of King George I, who was the
grandfather of King George III. She became pregnant through an affair
with George I and gave birth to Emanuel Howe. This made King George III
William Howe's first cousin.</span></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Atlees in Lancaster, Pennsylvania</b></i></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6WWZOfzU8AQFCmmXPBar9aws1NcfMZ-Ly_WXXj3GUvt9rtavYHwun__QEXEJQ8GTwmxHerGANjE9R7bfnS765_C7UYSUFjKDfTZb8x-m7HReNJEHUVfR63uegIJjZuV671gLeqmBpnYB/s1600/stage+waggon+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6WWZOfzU8AQFCmmXPBar9aws1NcfMZ-Ly_WXXj3GUvt9rtavYHwun__QEXEJQ8GTwmxHerGANjE9R7bfnS765_C7UYSUFjKDfTZb8x-m7HReNJEHUVfR63uegIJjZuV671gLeqmBpnYB/s200/stage+waggon+pic.jpg" width="200" /></a>The newlyweds first made their way to Philadelphia, where their first son, William Augustus, was born in 1735. Not having an income, William lived at <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=9NQ4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1201" target="_blank">Caleb Ramstead's house</a> in Philadelphia until he and a partner acquired a covered "<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2859618/william_atlee_business_stagewaggon/" target="_blank">stage waggon</a>" that ran twice a week from <a href="http://njpostalhistory.org/media/pdf/rothstage.pdf" target="_blank">Trenton to Brunswick</a>, New Jersey, <a href="http://www.trentonhistory.org/His/transportation.html" target="_blank">delivering</a> merchandise, passengers, and messages. Unfortunately, William lived only ten years after their marriage, dying in Philadelphia, PA, in the spring of 1744 at the Ranstead home. (Note: Although the <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA21" target="_blank"><i>Atlee Genealogy</i>,</a>
published in 1884, and <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=9NQ4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1201" target="_blank"><i>Colonial and Revolutionary Families of Pennsylvania</i></a>, Vol. III, published in 1911, both state he was buried at St. Peter's church yard, his
remains can, in fact, be found at Christ Church.<span style="color: red;"><b>1</b></span>) His <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=7NEwAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA26" target="_blank">Will, witnessed</a> by <i>Caleb Ransted</i>, left everything to Jane in the hope she could take care of their four children: William Augustus, Samuel John, Amelia Jane, and Joseph Edwin.<br />
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After the untimely death in 1744 of William Atlee, his widow had quickly begun <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=DdswAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA224" target="_blank">advertising</a> for sale the stage wagon and other business assets, including almost <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=DdswAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA285" target="_blank">ten acres in Trenton</a>,
which had still not been sold by late fall of 1745. Jane Atlee
eventually loaded up the family and what remained of their possessions
and moved the family to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where young William,
then fourteen years of age (1747), worked as a clerk at the Recorder's
Office.</div>
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We do not know what it was that prompted Jane Atlee to settle with her four young children in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where she remained until her death in 1777.
Whether she disclosed to her children the intrigues that had gone on
during her days at the British royal court is also not known. Did her sons,
both of whom would take an active part in the revolution know their
father's connection to the British General who had invaded Philadelphia
the same year Jane died?<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Sayre Family--West Jersey to Philadelphia</b></i></span><br />
<br />
The branch of the Sayre family from which William Augustus's
sixteen-year-old bride had sprung began in America with Thomas Sayre (born
1597), who brought his family, including three sons from their home in
Leighton Buzzard, England, to Long Island, New York, pursuant to a royal
grant issued around 1638. Unfortunately, this land was also claimed by Dutch settlers,
forcing the Sayres to settle on the opposite side of Long Island, at Southampton, where Thomas died in
1671.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA31" target="_blank">Joseph Sayre</a> (born 1630) "moved to Elizabeth, New Jersey, around 1665 and was named
one of the
proprietors in Elizabeth in a deed from Richard Nicholls, the Governor,"
and it was there that his son Daniel, Esther's grandfather, was born in
1685. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA49">Daniel's third son</a>, John Sayre, also born in Elizabeth Town in about 1705, had lived for a time at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA78">56 Broad Street</a>
in New York City, residing with his first wife, Esther Stillwell, daughter of
Nicholas and Elizabeth Stillwell. They lived next door to Francis and Rachel
(LeChevalier) Bowes, with whom they were close friends. In 1735 John, a
tailor doing business from his residence, was admitted as a Freeman of
the city. Esther Stillwell Sayre, died, possibly during childbirth with
daughter, Esther Bowes Sayre, in 1747, several years after the Bowes family had moved west to Philadelphia.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjevJyDktVnVv6ahy8fZ3-IDWTJaIc32gI0S9ARqPbqFZpxKwRHHDEnmEckOgzp8AkpjjE3LnDkw53tmTtBblF1tjx5SCfPxiS5AbmHdIfnGlss-p2PqX6kvF8GZQeLK8qnvPDpRp_bJBZC/s1600/Pennsylvania_Lancaster_NJ+Inset.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjevJyDktVnVv6ahy8fZ3-IDWTJaIc32gI0S9ARqPbqFZpxKwRHHDEnmEckOgzp8AkpjjE3LnDkw53tmTtBblF1tjx5SCfPxiS5AbmHdIfnGlss-p2PqX6kvF8GZQeLK8qnvPDpRp_bJBZC/s640/Pennsylvania_Lancaster_NJ+Inset.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map shows where Atlee and Sayre families lived before marriage in 1763. Click to enlarge.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Francis Bowes, at that time had become actively engaged in Trenton, West Jersey, in the sale--both wholesale and
retail--of items of merchandise such as rum, sugar, indigo and
London steel--according to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5705828/francis/" target="_blank">notices</a> published in the <i>Philadelphia Gazette</i> which listed an address on Water Street in Trenton, Nevertheless, after
his death occurred in 1749, his body would be interred at Christ Church cemetery
in Philadelphia alongside Mary, his first wife, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordofinscript00chri#page/n91/mode/2up/search/bowes" target="_blank">who had died in 1725</a>.<br />
<br />
Two months after Francis' <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11323096" target="_blank">demise</a> Rachel Bowes, still in Trenton apparently, attempted to sell off his lands and other goods by placing an <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5705234/estate_of_francis_bowes_in_philadelphia/" target="_blank">ad in the Pennsylvania Gazette</a>
in 1750. Possibly she contacted her former neighbor, John Sayre, to invite him to Philadelphia to take over the business left
by his old friend, or perhaps he saw the notices and made his way to
Philadelphia to ask about it. Nevertheless, John Sayre and Rachel Bowes
renewed their friendship and were married on April 8, 1751. Only seven weeks later her three-year-old
son, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordofinscript00chri#page/n89/mode/2up/search/bowes" target="_blank">John Bowes</a>,
was laid to rest near his father. From that point on, the financial
condition of the couple now living in Philadelphia improved
significantly.<br />
<br />
Seven years later Rachel's daughter, Mary Bowes, was wed to John's son, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA142" target="_blank">John Sayre, Jr.</a>,
at Christ Church, the same setting where, in 1763, William Augustus Atlee of Lancaster and Esther Bowes
Sayre were married. Christ Church was the Episcopal church where Benjamin
Franklin and other eminent founders of America in Philadelphia attended services. <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0142" target="_blank">Rev. William Sturgeon</a>, who peformed the Atlee-Sayre wedding, had first become rector in 1747, sent by the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=51YQ0TzReWMC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA327" target="_blank">Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts</a>, the same group which directed the career of Rev. Sayre.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxb7X5tbYKUAqEAGkQmyTYwqFZP93sgXCsABsLja6JS53hhof_0BlFBfw5BsW8c9vff9W4PGoL4eh7p_bgOMxedw05bcRPM9wjKwuNrSg8spISrNDSNPO7ZuMx3XjlPeyeIvJlR3hWHhpp/s1600/Rev+John+Sayre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxb7X5tbYKUAqEAGkQmyTYwqFZP93sgXCsABsLja6JS53hhof_0BlFBfw5BsW8c9vff9W4PGoL4eh7p_bgOMxedw05bcRPM9wjKwuNrSg8spISrNDSNPO7ZuMx3XjlPeyeIvJlR3hWHhpp/s200/Rev+John+Sayre.jpg" width="143" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rev. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsofoldparis01guil#page/50/mode/2up/search/sayre" target="_blank">John Sayre, Jr.</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
John Sayre, Jr., who had been almost twelve
years of age when his sister Esther was born, was sent back to New York and <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">trained as a physician</span>
at King's College (now Columbia University) when she was still quite
young. She was a girl of eleven years when her brother returned to Philadelphia in 1758 to marry
his stepsister, Mary Bowes.<br />
<br />
Their first child, a daughter, was born there in 1759, followed in short order by
John, James and another Esther Sayre. After birth of the <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA144" target="_blank">fourth child in 1763</a>, they left Philadelphia and moved to Lancaster, where John's sister, now Esther Atlee, was living with her new husband. Four years later Rev. Sayre was assigned by the Anglican Society to <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA142" target="_blank">mission work in New York</a>. Fireworks began not long after. The revolution had begun.<br />
<br />
John, wishing to "remain neutral" during the revolution, despite the fact that his brother-in-law back in Lancaster was an active participant in the planning of the rebellion, found himself accused
of being a British Loyalist for <a href="https://archive.org/stream/annalsofoldparis01guil#page/52/mode/2up/search/sayre" target="_blank">refusing</a> "to sign the articles prescribed by the Continental Congress," which would obligate the signer to oppose the King with "life and fortune," and to refuse charity to any who chose not to sign. Somehow <a href="http://shissem.com/Hissem_Sayre.html" target="_blank">Rev. Sayre became</a> "one of the agents
chosen to arrange for the resettlement of the
Loyalists" in St. John, Nova Scotia. We will pick up again here shortly after a brief review of the men with whom Atlee had become associated.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Patriots, Loyalists, or Spies?</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKJIqXwsvYo2-iqN0Ac3iwUXAHCiYXI4koETJvgxqKQxTQ4cgCzE4w69lKeSFNHq_GOjnO8ZjAWa7xeI-VSmZD5xTDrki5fJufKobRjx3psYUpFMcDbSz3t0QgLn9CnNx3gAtj6vUaWMld/s1600/Shippen+plaque.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKJIqXwsvYo2-iqN0Ac3iwUXAHCiYXI4koETJvgxqKQxTQ4cgCzE4w69lKeSFNHq_GOjnO8ZjAWa7xeI-VSmZD5xTDrki5fJufKobRjx3psYUpFMcDbSz3t0QgLn9CnNx3gAtj6vUaWMld/s200/Shippen+plaque.jpg" width="200" /></a>The same year Atlee died, a Philadelphia merchant "dealing largely in <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=YUYVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA360" target="_blank">supplies for Indian traders</a>" by the name of <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=26105564" target="_blank">Edward Shippen</a> (1703-1781), was elected Philadelphia's mayor. Eventually serving as a judge of the court of common pleas in Philadelphia for five years, Shippen became chief clerk (prothonotary) for a similar civil court in Lancaster. It was in <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=UycxAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA22" target="_blank">Shippen's law office in Lancaster</a>, that William Atlee began a study of law, and he, too, would be admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 1758, after learning the practice from Shippen.<br />
<br />
Shippen himself had studied law from his wife's father, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tench_Francis_Sr." target="_blank">Tench Francis, Sr.</a>, a lawyer in England prior to his emigration in 1720. After working as Lord Baltimore's attorney in Maryland, Francis relocated to Philadelphia about 1739 and became involved there in politics, elected first to the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5766710/tench_franciscommon_council1747/" target="_blank">Common Council of the city</a>. Within two years he was named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tench_Francis_Sr." target="_blank">colonial attorney general</a>, serving 14 years in that position, before being succeeded by <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5767085/tench_francis_resignsattorney/" target="_blank">Benjamin Chew</a> in 1755. [See Note ** below.]<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIaVBUuQLIO9_BMzK5fwAhytjskw9hr8IATNPrToXPZ8-Qok4N90HPPAs5xuXp3PLx1HtksAuJ-qnZeXEZPXAf3OhWJK0cHUq5Q5jGcKw4m6VEchUC6c4TiGqNuvendH-YYC6GLAhBWsm7/s1600/Bank-of-North-America.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIaVBUuQLIO9_BMzK5fwAhytjskw9hr8IATNPrToXPZ8-Qok4N90HPPAs5xuXp3PLx1HtksAuJ-qnZeXEZPXAf3OhWJK0cHUq5Q5jGcKw4m6VEchUC6c4TiGqNuvendH-YYC6GLAhBWsm7/s320/Bank-of-North-America.jpg" width="208" /></a>Tench Francis, Jr.--brother of Edward Shippen's wife, Margaret Francis Shippen (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Shippen,_IV" target="_blank">married in 1753</a>)-- continued to operate the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5766681/tench_francis_advertisement1739/" target="_blank">store</a> his father began out of his home on Second Street, which subsequently merged with another one on Front Street. They sold goods imported from Europe and the East Indies, including a large assortment of <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5766832/tench_francis_jr_books1754/" target="_blank">books</a>. The two stores were apparently combined into a<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5766868/tench_francis_jrmoved_store1755/" target="_blank"> single location</a> in 1755. With passage of the Stamp Act in 1765, however, Tench Francis, Jr. (his father having died previously) joined with other <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8bZcAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA19" target="_blank">Philadelphia merchants</a> who contractually resolved among themselves to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5767278/philadelphia_merchant/" target="_blank">boycott the importation</a> of any goods from Great Britain.<br />
<br />
With his brother-in-law, Thomas Willing, he joined with Benjamin Chew and Robert Morris to established the Bank of North America, which would become the Bank of the U.S. The latter bank was "envisioned by" <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0aX8Jy1tME" target="_blank">Alexander Hamilton</a>, not born until 1755 in the West Indies, who <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/search/Correspondent%3A%22Morris%2C%20Robert%22%20Correspondent%3A%22Hamilton%2C%20Alexander%22" target="_blank">learned finance</a> from <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924019372352#page/n23/mode/2up/search/tench" target="_blank">Robert Morris</a>. Willing was the first president of Philadelphia's Bank of North America, originally located in the home of its first
cashier, Tench Francis, Jr., at <a href="http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/bank-of-north-america/" target="_blank">307 Chestnut</a> when it was chartered in 1781.<br />
<br />
At that time, all life revolved around THE
revolution. Everyone was forced to take a side. Some, who chose loyalty
to the British--possibly believing the rebels could never win over a
superior force-- would eventually become a major embarrassment, if not
more, to family members who were "patriots" to the revolution. Just as
Peggy Shippen, wife of the famous traitor General Benedict Arnold,
became such an embarrassment to the Francis and Shippen families with
whom Atlee was closely associated, so would his wife's brother, Rev.
John Sayre, Jr., become to the Atlee family. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJYV7nERn6wZcNjeci92ewZ_LVKfnDIt1Fh-nC0IVOSopS7wnNN7wtCZ1VpccZZ5RPyPgCvPiEHQm2etT3UNFACzaVwmn8czrnpCzIqZUdpqBsmbv3Ymc1c6KZcz2jZXqj_buTBmiQPph/s1600/howe_Peggy+Shippen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJYV7nERn6wZcNjeci92ewZ_LVKfnDIt1Fh-nC0IVOSopS7wnNN7wtCZ1VpccZZ5RPyPgCvPiEHQm2etT3UNFACzaVwmn8czrnpCzIqZUdpqBsmbv3Ymc1c6KZcz2jZXqj_buTBmiQPph/s640/howe_Peggy+Shippen.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Howe's headquarters were in Richard Penn's mansion, later leased to Benedict Arnold.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Philadelphia Mansion </b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge8_DH_G_pcXGRpnJI2ujkJcbCi-_v9Mu3Hcv9zWOirnrjrxjxsHeorptsTJ0qZprmntBLYdUPj2eNyRE1bUx5zQ6JVH61UQ4TupJf9euX7AuwZb7jiViudEOakuLsHWpu-MkmHnc68k1K/s1600/Pres.+mansion+Philly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge8_DH_G_pcXGRpnJI2ujkJcbCi-_v9Mu3Hcv9zWOirnrjrxjxsHeorptsTJ0qZprmntBLYdUPj2eNyRE1bUx5zQ6JVH61UQ4TupJf9euX7AuwZb7jiViudEOakuLsHWpu-MkmHnc68k1K/s320/Pres.+mansion+Philly.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to enlarge.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
When the elder Governor Richard Penn died in 1771, his son Richard Jr. succeeded him as
governor, and the following year he married Mary (Polly) Masters. Polly's father had during colonial days operated a grist mill north of
Philadelphia, possibly in connection with Governor Penn. After his death
<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=OTQUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA293" target="_blank">in 1760</a>, the property was used "for two
years as headquarters by <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=OTQUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA292" target="_blank">Sir William Howe</a>, and upon whose site Robert Morris afterward erected the house where President Washington resided."<br />
<br />
The Penns were married in London and soon began raising a family there, giving a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=N4klSoZBF1kC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA10" target="_blank">power of attorney</a>
to Tench Francis, Jr. to lease their estates in Philadelphia. The house which Generals Howe and Clinton had used as British military headquarters, being the same one in which Benedict Arnold had lived with Peggy Shippen (aka Margaret Arnold), burned in 1780. Penn's <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=N4klSoZBF1kC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA10" target="_blank">power of attorney</a> allowed Tench Francis, Jr., to sell the ruins to his banking colleague, Robert Morris, who then purchased the
now unimproved land and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=N4klSoZBF1kC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA12" target="_blank">constructed a residence</a> for the new President of the United States. The location and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=N4klSoZBF1kC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA16" target="_blank">description</a> of the house were set out in a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=N4klSoZBF1kC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA16" target="_blank">centennial address</a> given by Nathaniel Burt in 1875.<br />
<br />
An <a href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/WestPhila1777/map.php" target="_blank">ownership map</a>
which dates to 1777 shows the location of that residence originally built for the mother of Polly Masters, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=OTQUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA292" target="_blank">Mary Lawrence Masters</a>, daughter of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=N4klSoZBF1kC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA8" target="_blank">John Lawrence</a> and wife of William Masters. By zooming in on the <a href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/WestPhila1777/map.php" target="_blank">City of Philadelphia rectangle</a>,
we can also see the names of
Willing, Shippen, Benjamin Franklin, and Benjamin Chew throughout the
wards between Second and
Fifth Streets, from
Chestnut to Locust, where the revolution was headquartered, and where the
Declaration of Independence was penned. Note, incidentally, the
proximity to Ranstead Street, where the first Atlees had lived when he
first
arrived in Philadelphia from Barbados.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Atlees from Lancaster and the Banished Sayre </b></i></span><br />
<br />
As you recall, however, Jane Atee had taken her family to Lancaster, a newly created township in Pennsylvania, eighty miles
west of Philadelphia, still part of the
frontier, where her two sons grew up in association with Edward Shippen. By 1774 William Atlee's eldest son was named to a committee in Lancaster with <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=2D4OAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA275" target="_blank">Edward Shippen</a> and others, to correspond with planners of the revolution in Philadelphia. By 1776 William Augustus Atlee was made chairman of Lancaster's <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=2D4OAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA330" target="_blank">Committee of Observation & Inspection</a>, which oversaw payments to numerous militias raised to fight in the rebellion. He was also chairman of the <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=9NQ4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1202" target="_blank">Lancaster County Committee of Safety</a> which stayed in contact with Benjamin Franklin and other organizers in Philadelphia. Colonel <a href="https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalrec00barbgoog#page/n112/mode/2up/search/samuel" target="_blank">Samuel John Atlee</a>,
William's younger brother, was by then an officer in the military under
General George Washington.<br />
<br />
After Esther Sayre's marriage to Atlee in 1763, her brother had also moved with wife and four children to Lancaster, and their next son, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Q88wAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA234" target="_blank">Francis Bowes Sayre</a>, who became a medical doctor after completing study at the Univesity of Philadelphia in 1790, was born there in 1766 (<a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9260013" target="_blank">died 1798</a>). Two more children would also be born at that location before
John was assigned a <a href="http://shissem.com/Hissem_Sayre.html" target="_blank">mission</a> outpost by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ASo0bJXoXbMC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=esther+stillwell+john+sayre&source=bl&ots=9I4Q9PU1b5&sig=b21Fs6Sqyh5VvERIci-t7h580xk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTmsu44OHNAhVK6iYKHZlRBgcQ6AEILjAD#v=onepage&q=esther%20stillwell%20john%20sayre&f=false" target="_blank">in 1768</a> to an area recently changed to Newburgh from Quassaick. In 1769 he filed a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PxgXUZMJSzUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA44" target="_blank">petition requesting a charter</a> addressed to the acting governor of that province. Once granted, this church was called <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PxgXUZMJSzUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA195" target="_blank">St. George's</a>. Rev. John, too busy to confine himself solely to Newburgh,
requested a total of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028832693#page/130/mode/2up/search/episcopal" target="_blank">three church charters </a>during his short missionary tenure, while he also preached at a fourth place called Warwick, 20 miles from where <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA142" target="_blank">he lived at Bellomont</a>,
comprising a territory now in Orange County, bounded by the northeast
part of Pennsylvania and northern counties of New Jersey. <br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheG9KB62LhveEhfzEfkbxEIFPtRs38FbqOUzDoPm0Ig9TXRTGnCsjbFaMEhebXbHzg9wB7r1jYo28hE-DnGbaGXjsNZVqY9QDMFWE_W6EOY0d7W5SQRpsKsJIf5iqZ9bGDSyAQYoatPCjW/s1600/colonial_map_NY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheG9KB62LhveEhfzEfkbxEIFPtRs38FbqOUzDoPm0Ig9TXRTGnCsjbFaMEhebXbHzg9wB7r1jYo28hE-DnGbaGXjsNZVqY9QDMFWE_W6EOY0d7W5SQRpsKsJIf5iqZ9bGDSyAQYoatPCjW/s320/colonial_map_NY.jpg" width="244" /></a><br />
Rev. John Sayre <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Q6VRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA143" target="_blank">abruptly abandoned the Newburgh mission</a> and took up residence in
Fairfield,
Connecticut. According to J<a href="http://history.rays-place.com/tories-of-ct-pt-1.htm" target="_blank">ames Shepherd in "The Tories of Connecticut</a>," <i>Connecticut Quarterly</i>, Vol. 1 No. 2 April, May and June, 1895:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">On January 28, 1777, Rev. John Sayer [sic] of Fairfield was before the Governor and Council as a Tory that he might be
ordered to some safe place for confinement. He was sent to the parish of New Britain to be under the care of Col.
Isaac Lee, and not to depart the limits of said society until further orders. In July of the same year the wardens
of the Episcopal church and others at Fairfield, with consent of the selectmen and committee of inspection, petitioned
for his release and return to his people to remain within the limits of Fairfield and give bond with surety for
good behavior, which petition was granted. He was probably the first Episcopal clergyman that ever resided in New
Britain. In a letter he subsequently said: "I was banished to a place called New Britain, where I was entirely
unknown except to one poor man, the inhabitants differing from me both in religion and political principles; however,
the family in which I lived showed me such marks of kindness as they could, and I was treated with civility by
the neighbors."</span></span> </blockquote>
At the time of his banishment Sayre was serving as
rector of
Trinity Church in Fairfield where he resided with his wife and eight children when it was invaded by British General Tryon and burned. The British fleet took him to the Long Island area of New York until in 1783 he applied for a land grant in New Brunswick, Canada. A brief history of Rev. John
Sayre, Jr., is also set out in "<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PA8-AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA283" target="_blank"><i>United Empire Loyalists, Parts I-II</i></a>," by Alexander Fraser:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKscll7vMEZogxCs8V9FStaBq2lsDuhJBxg0GxbF7cy-N8lsVRtV4n3-CxposGV2UYTo0jake-Wtoa0fuJ0i4MaYwvTCPB72xDoFq5wFmCjlmbaEIWm9TW-x_HDAthzWk1QkYd_ttMtSbC/s1600/Sayre+claim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKscll7vMEZogxCs8V9FStaBq2lsDuhJBxg0GxbF7cy-N8lsVRtV4n3-CxposGV2UYTo0jake-Wtoa0fuJ0i4MaYwvTCPB72xDoFq5wFmCjlmbaEIWm9TW-x_HDAthzWk1QkYd_ttMtSbC/s640/Sayre+claim.jpg" width="560" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anglican missionary John Sayre, Jr., British Loyalist to the end.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
The list of members that Claimant James Sayres supplied to the King, unsurprisingly, failed to include his sister-in-law/stepsister, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=EZg-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA90" target="_blank">Esther Bowes Cox</a> (1740-1841), who, following the marriage of John Sayres and Rachel Bowes in 1751, is said to have <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092885304#page/n63/mode/2up/search/cox" target="_blank">made her home</a> with sisters of her mother, the former <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FZE-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA195.w.2.0.0" target="_blank">Rachelle Le Chevalier</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">...youngest daughter and child of Jean Le Chevalier, of the Huguenot colony
in New York City, and his wife, <a href="http://www.boffinsblog.net/resources/DelaplainesofAmerica.pdf" target="_blank">Maria de la Plaine</a>. Jean Le Chevalier
was one of the most prominent of the French refugees of New York, and
must not be confounded as he sometimes was with Jean, son of Pierre le
Chevalier, of Philadelphia. Jean Le Chevalier, of New York, married
Marie de la Plaine, in the Dutch Reformed Church, June 27, 1692, and had
seven daughters but no sons. These children, all baptized in the French
church. New York City, were: Marie, born June 6, 1693; Susanne, March 11, 1695; Esther, February 18, 1696; Marie (2d), baptized May 14, 1699;
Elizabeth, born August 26, 1702; Jeanne, baptized March 7, 1704;
<i>Rachelle, born February 16, 1707</i>, baptized February 22 following,
<i>married Francis Bowes</i>, and after his death (second), as his second wife,
John, son of Daniel and Elizabeth Sayre. The children of Francis Bowes
and Rachel Chevalier were: Theodosius; Samuel; <i>Mary, born March 5, 1739,</i>
married, September 28, 1758, John, son of John Sayre, her stepfather; John; and Esther, born January 6, 1741, died February 10, 1814, married, November 16, 1760, Colonel John Cox, of Bloomsbury....Colonel Cox himself was one of the celebrated men of his day, and rendered good service to the Continental army as assistant quartermaster under General Greene, the latter having made the appointment of John Cox and Charles Pettit to serve under him a condition of his acceptance of the position of quartermaster-general. Not only did Colonel Cox help to provision the patriot army, he also supplied it with a large amount of ordnance from his foundry at Batisto, New Jersey. At his home, "Bloomsbury," now "Woodlawn," the Warren street home of Edward H. Stokes, General Washington had his headquarters, and was entertained when he made his triumphal entry into Trenton, two of Colonel Cox's daughter's, Rachel and Sarah, being among the thirteen young ladies who sang the ode, "Welcome, mighty chief, once more," and another, Mary, being one of the six young girls who strewed flowers in the General's path over Trenton bridge. At "Bloomsbury," the Marquis de Lafayette and the Count de Rochambeau enjoyed the hospitality of Colonel Cox, and had the pleasure of conversing in their own language with <i>Mrs. Cox's French aunts, the Demoiselles Chevalier</i>, the youngest daughters of Jean Le Chevalier, referred to above....<span style="color: black;">[Quoted from</span></span> <i>Genealogical and Memorial History of the State of New Jersey</i>, <span class="book-author-last">Francis Bazley Lee</span> (<span itemprop="datePublished">1910), <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FZE-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA195.w.2.1.0" target="_blank">264</a>.] </span> </blockquote>
The sister of Mary Bowes Sayre, Esther Bowes, who "played on the spinnet and organ, and was the only lady of the
day who had mastered thorough bass," was selected as the bride of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092885304#page/n61/mode/2up/search/cox" target="_blank">Colonel John Cox</a>, to whom she was <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092885304#page/n63/mode/2up/search/cox" target="_blank">married</a> on November 16, 1760, in Christ Church, Philadelphia. The Coxes then moved to Bloomsbury Court in Trenton, where Colonel Cox was Assistant Quartermaster under<a href="https://allthingsliberty.com/2013/11/nathanael-greene-quartermaster-general/" target="_blank"> Major Nathaniel Greene</a>. It has been suggested that Rev. Sayre's widow may have made her way to Trenton to stay for a time with her sister, Mrs. Cox. At any rate, that is where she <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=55170031" target="_blank">died in 1789</a>. [<span itemprop="datePublished">See also interesting insights from </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=_YlEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA100" target="_blank">Anne Hollingsworth Wharton</a>, <i>Salons Colonial and Republican</i> (1900), which paints a vivid picture of life in Philadelphia while it was the seat of the new government.]<br />
<br />
Their daughter <a href="http://library.sc.edu/digital/collections/coxches.html" target="_blank">Mary Cox</a> (born 1775) would later marry <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092885304#page/n65/mode/2up/search/cox" target="_blank">Colonel James Chesnut</a> from Camden, S.C., while daughter Rachel was wed to <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092885304#page/n65/mode/2up/search/cox" target="_blank">John Stevens</a> of Castle Point, Hoboken, founder of Stevens Institute, where, as I discovered several years ago, Prescott Bush's father, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/04/safety-first-before-honor.html" target="_blank">Samuel P. Bush</a>, would be educated. Not then realizing that John Stevens was also related by marriage to ancestors of David Atlee Phillips, I wrote the following paragraph, excerpted from "<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/04/safety-first-before-honor.html" target="_blank">Money and Gunpowder, Part One,</a>" posted at my blog, <i>Where the Gold Is:</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">Samuel’s
before-the-turn-of-the-century education in mechanical engineering at Hoboken, New
Jersey’s Stevens Institute—where he learned to design
and build steam engines and locomotives—would become useful to America in
building its “gunpowder” and other weapons so necessary in World War I’s
mission to “save the world for democracy”.... Family papers reveal
the closeness between John Stevens and the Founding Fathers in equipping the
military forces during the Revolutionary War and in the country’s subsequent
defense.</span> </blockquote>
Another daughter, named <a href="http://library.sc.edu/socar/mnscrpts/coxches.html" target="_blank">Esther but called "Hetty</a>," married <a href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092885304#page/n67/mode/2up/search/cox" target="_blank">Matthias Barton</a>, whose father had long been a clergyman in charge of the church in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to which John Sayre, Jr. had moved around 1761, bringing us back full circle to the Atlee clan, whom in the next segment we will follow to Texas, where descendant spy, David Atlee Phillips was born. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div>
--------------<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i><b>Notes</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span style="color: red;">1</span></b>. Intriguingly, <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Christ Episcopal Church</a> would, some four or five decades later, become the venue for the wedding of Beau Walker's widow to Robert Hodgson in 1801.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: red;">2</span>. The street bissected by the Liberty Bell is called Ranstead Street, named undoubtedly for <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=arAfWBsvO1gC&pg=PA1201&lpg=PA1201&dq=caleb+ranstead&source=bl&ots=BtE9z7OQIL&sig=6yLikt3ybhOkeaeNflgG5pA-HfU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjiJbHj9XNAhUK5CYKHRZQBfcQ6AEIJDAC#v=onepage&q=caleb%20ranstead&f=false" target="_blank">Caleb Ranstead</a> (also spelled as <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5756802/caleb_ranstedfront/" target="_blank">Ransted</a>), a furniture dealer, with whom William Atlee was residing at the time of his death in 1744. The house appears to have been quite close to the <a href="http://www.phila.gov/historical/PDF/Old%20City%20Inventory.pdf" target="_blank">Philadelphia Bank Building</a> (410 Ranstead/419-25 Chestnut); we previously noted that <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">George E. Walker's "Uncle Tommy"</a> worked at this bank <span class="widget-pane-section-info-text">located on Chestnut at 4th Street</span>, for many years. Coincidentally, Caleb Ranstead's name also shows up in the <a href="http://www.cliveden.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Benjamin-Chew-receipt-book.pdf" target="_blank">receipt book of Benjamin Chew</a>, a man who was <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">mentioned in Part Two</a> of the Bush/Walker Genealogy:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Chew, Sr. had moved to Philadelphia in 1754, set up a highly lucrative
legal practice, and "owned an elegant town house on South 3rd Street.
Here, he attended St.
Peter’s [Episcopal] Church and associated with many influential people
in the city.
He became involved in other business interests, including iron works
and land speculation."</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">It was mentioned also that Chew had held the mortgage on the farm Harriet Mercer Bush inherited, and her husband's inability to repay that mortgage which <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">precipitated their move to Illinois</a>. </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-31298199516363712972016-03-30T09:53:00.000-05:002016-04-06T13:24:16.673-05:00A Nazi in Every ShotThe following are excerpts from Mae Brussell's work that appeared in "The Rebel" in 1983, subsequently published in<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 1991 by Prevailing Winds Research. In her research, the inimitable <a href="http://suspiciousdeaths.blogspot.com/2010/11/mae-brussell.html" target="_blank">Jewish mother of five</a>, daughter of a rabbi, often focused her research on Germans who had escaped Germany at the close of WWII and continued their Nazi shenanigans elsewhere. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Living near the </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Language_Institute#History" target="_blank">DLIFLC</a>) in Monterey Bay, California, made </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Brussell </span> aware of how American military forces trained foreign agents at that schoo<span style="font-family: inherit;">l. She</span> suspected that Lee Harvey Oswald had been groomed there as an intelligence agent who was later used as a patsy by military and civilian intelligence agencies,<span style="font-family: inherit;"> which</span> operated with help from German Nazis brought to America at the close of the war. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">S</span>he analyzed people she saw working together in Dallas during 1963 through her nazi-tinted lenses. Some of her instincts were accurate. Some conclusions, mere guesswork, which have never been proven. Still, she ha<span style="font-family: inherit;">d some f<span style="font-family: inherit;">ascinating theories.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.ctrl.org/essay2/NCTJFKA.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "geneva" , "swiss" ,;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>1963: A Few Connections in Dallas</b></span></span></span></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "geneva" , "swiss" ,;">
</span><b>Gen. Walter Dornberger, Michael and Ruth Paine </b><br />
<br />
When George de Mohrenschildt was busy introducing Lee and Marina to the Dallas-Worth White Russian displaced Czarists, he managed to keep the social level equal with his American contacts. One casual dinner in the company of Michael and Ruth Paine, and that was enough meeting to set the Oswalds' course. George and Jeanne didn't have to meet with them again. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQLdBJsFYoiGfBsuqOT4O2XyjrvmlDuivWT38EScPuoJ6H-ELC6fwVfI0wil29cEbi5x-x3atYcd6d7Ou0VkuvIoFE1R_ZRasI7hdePCYqd-fVjcrmgaozY1Kfu7hvQp2nszoDEVRFhh1F/s1600/ruth+paine+garage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQLdBJsFYoiGfBsuqOT4O2XyjrvmlDuivWT38EScPuoJ6H-ELC6fwVfI0wil29cEbi5x-x3atYcd6d7Ou0VkuvIoFE1R_ZRasI7hdePCYqd-fVjcrmgaozY1Kfu7hvQp2nszoDEVRFhh1F/s200/ruth+paine+garage.jpg" width="145" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paine garage </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Ruth Paine would provide housing for Marina while Lee went to New Orleans. A few weeks later, she drove Marina to join Lee. After summer vacation at <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/02/edited-remarks-from-jfk-conference.html" target="_blank">Wood's Hole</a>, Mass. [<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/untitled-aristocracy.html" target="_blank">Naushon Island]</a>, Ruth returned and brought Marina to her home in Irving, Texas, while Lee was on the bus to Mexico with Albert Osborne/John Bowen, and four other <a href="http://www.hiddenmysteries.org/conspiracy/coverups/bronfmanbush.html" target="_blank">Solidarists</a> from the Russian network. After Kennedy was murdered, the Dallas police rushed to the Paines' home. From that garage and elsewhere, <a href="http://jfklancer.com/pdf/Paine.pdf" target="_blank">via the Paines</a>, came most of the incriminating evidence against Oswald. The alleged murder weapon never could be proven by the Warren Commission as ever having come from their garage. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgguTwJ-ZWBEkb6rdHOnUYpeupdy6OLBjlDdd7KZE8ZKbUppVideMXJLy0WTtRDO1AKlNWnQcn1amjoKWHq8mh4ObdJT_BYllPgCM6nOgFguJ2Ebp-ZFfgYDcjSIH2JG76SDmtwXFZA6m14/s1600/LIFE-Oswald-rifle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgguTwJ-ZWBEkb6rdHOnUYpeupdy6OLBjlDdd7KZE8ZKbUppVideMXJLy0WTtRDO1AKlNWnQcn1amjoKWHq8mh4ObdJT_BYllPgCM6nOgFguJ2Ebp-ZFfgYDcjSIH2JG76SDmtwXFZA6m14/s200/LIFE-Oswald-rifle.jpg" width="155" /></a>The cropped photo that <i>Life</i> printed with Oswald holding a rifle came from a box removed from the garage, taken to the police department, then returned the next day, with nobody present to indicate where it came from. <br />
<br />
Accessory after the fact, the letter was delivered to Marina in December undated and unsigned, to cover up General Walker's anxiety to blame a "Communist," Lee, for shooting at him in April and came from Ruth to Marina. It wasn't in the home before then. The Warren Commission required <i>planted evidence</i> sometimes in order <i>to divert from Lee Oswald's links to the Defense Department</i>, assisted by Ruth and Michael Paine.[emphasis added]<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBgNbUyyyLtYoFDiMJNuALUq4npPPo1yDB4vf7c9nPC4fV0ldhCqBkr23FD2xCPd3qjzOcCFZcYSKkkkxiK5VYHOVTXlvOVpVFkOo4ifgMTNnDXq86I9CcTsiroSsNiurvNsJJPumGqTah/s1600/Nazis.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBgNbUyyyLtYoFDiMJNuALUq4npPPo1yDB4vf7c9nPC4fV0ldhCqBkr23FD2xCPd3qjzOcCFZcYSKkkkxiK5VYHOVTXlvOVpVFkOo4ifgMTNnDXq86I9CcTsiroSsNiurvNsJJPumGqTah/s200/Nazis.png" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nazis</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Michael Paine's occupation at <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/02/edited-remarks-from-jfk-conference.html" target="_blank">Bell Aircraft</a> is the Defense Department. This job requires security clearances, so what would the unlikely Oswalds be doing in his home? Oswald, the "defector?" Paine's boss at Bell Aircraft as Director of Research and Development, was none other than the notorious war criminal General Walter Dornberger. Dornberger was supposed to be hanged at Nuremburg for his war crimes, slave labor and mass murders. The British warned the U.S. not to let him live because even after the war he was conniving for another one. As stated, "Dornberger is a menace of the first order who is untrustworthy. His attitude will turn ally against ally and he would become a source of irritation and future unrest." (<i>Project Paperclip</i>, Clarence Lansey.) <br />
<br />
The very first call to authorities after the gun went off on November 22, 1963, was from an employee at Bell Helicopter who suggested "Oswald did it." Police never located the source of both Oswald addresses that day. <br />
<br />
Michael Paine took Lee to a meeting with General Edwin Walker shortly before the assassination. Soon Oswald would be charged with having shot Walker in April, and Walker would be calling his nazi cronies in Germany 24 hours after JFK was killed telling them he finally solved "who shot through his window" seven months earlier: the same Oswald. <br />
<br />
<b>Who were the Paines? </b><br />
To believe the Warren Commission and the CIA staff of lawyers, they were Mr. and Mrs. Good Neighbor, all heart, altruistic. Ruth simply wanted to learn more Russian from a native. For that price, she housed Marina, a two-year-old daughter, a new infant, with all the fuss and mess of three extras in a tiny house. <br />
<br />
Michael Paine was a descendant of the Cabots on both sides. His cousin <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/10/obituaries/thomas-cabot-98-capitalist-and-philanthropist-is-dead.html" target="_blank">Thomas Dudley Cabot</a>, former president of <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/03/building-banana-republic.html" target="_blank">United Fruit</a>, had offered their Gibraltar Steamship as a cover for the CIA during the Bay of Pigs. Another cousin was Alexander Cochrane Forbes, a director of United Fruit and trustee of Cabot, Cabot, and Forbes. Both Allen Dulles and <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/following-forbes-money-trail.html" target="_blank">John J. McCloy </a>were part of the United Fruit team. The Paine family had links with circles of the OSS and the CIA. Ruth Hyde Paine maintained close ties with the Forbes families. Peter Dale Scott investigated the Paines, "the patrician Paine and Forbes families." A far cry from anybody's neighbor. <br />
<br />
Michael's education came as a tradition, third generation physicist at Harvard before working for Bell Helicopter. [Note: According to Nancy Wertz, Michael Paine<a href="http://jfklancer.com/pdf/Paine.pdf" target="_blank"> studied Physics at Harvard but flunked out</a>. He then went to Swarthmore for another year, but he never graduated. His father, Lyman Paine, was an <a href="http://jfklancer.com/pdf/Paine.pdf" target="_blank">architect</a>.]<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGEOM3XBOGvsDd8cvyBrMQKxBywoBYh2JeeWA-YXNibOe1UETDA16NSjxmj2WOHPt393qPJZookFrASlomCwU_YmiMVKYU24gDywDzjmMgNWtMUz4vXu-SCIbXF0xRQSSTpoVSKWJFaJRs/s1600/Speer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGEOM3XBOGvsDd8cvyBrMQKxBywoBYh2JeeWA-YXNibOe1UETDA16NSjxmj2WOHPt393qPJZookFrASlomCwU_YmiMVKYU24gDywDzjmMgNWtMUz4vXu-SCIbXF0xRQSSTpoVSKWJFaJRs/s200/Speer.jpg" width="138" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Albert Speer, right</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The British were correct on the Dornberger evaluation. Another clue to Albert Speer, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Speer" target="_blank">Reichmaster for Munitions and War Production</a>, and General Dornberger, is their meeting as early as April, 1943. When it was obvious to Hitler they would be losing the war against the USSR, all top Nazis made detailed plans for two years on how to proceed next.<br />
<br />
Speer met with Dornberger, at Peenemunde, the missile and rocket factory run with Werner Von Braun, and instructed him in "the dispersion of functions throughout the Reich." Translated, that meant get ready to come to the U.S. [ Dornberger's bio at <a href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Walter-Robert-Dornberger" target="_blank">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a> states:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><b>Walter Robert Dornberger</b>, (born Sept. 6, 1895, Giessen, Ger.—died June 27, 1980, Baden-Württemberg, W.Ger.), engineer who directed construction of the German V-2 rocket during World War II.<br /><br />Dornberger enlisted in the German army in 1914 and was commissioned the next year. After being captured by the French, he was released in 1919 and retained in the small army permitted Germany under the terms of the Versailles treaty. He was sent by the army in 1925 to the School of Technology in Charlottenberg; there Dornberger specialized in ballistics and earned an M.A. degree in 1930. He was assigned to the development of rocket weapons, a category not prohibited by the Versailles settlement, but had to struggle to obtain recognition for his efforts. In the summer of 1932, however, he was placed in charge of Research Station West at Kummersdorf, a few miles south of Berlin, where, with <a href="http://www.v2rocket.com/start/chapters/vonbraun.html" target="_blank">Wernher von Braun</a>, he began to perfect the rocket engine. In May 1937 the staff was moved to <a href="http://www.operationpaperclip.info/peenemunde.php" target="_blank">Peenemünde</a>, where the A series of rocket missiles was built; the A-4 rocket developed there later became widely known in its military form as the V-2 and was the forerunner of all postwar space vehicles.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV7wOlFnIL0bLqx8EBICvWiGxhLcQ186wZynl-EeDPI3hfuKR7R5H9K7NmxY7Vx5e1pNt5FYOKonuC-71zrCrk5UsrYNlQUg8kw_KvimYGT6xX40Zc4rkZ77taJWaHtQDf-RRyzSgcbtOl/s1600/ft-bliss.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV7wOlFnIL0bLqx8EBICvWiGxhLcQ186wZynl-EeDPI3hfuKR7R5H9K7NmxY7Vx5e1pNt5FYOKonuC-71zrCrk5UsrYNlQUg8kw_KvimYGT6xX40Zc4rkZ77taJWaHtQDf-RRyzSgcbtOl/s320/ft-bliss.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://heroicrelics.org/info/rocket-team/team-at-fort-bliss.html" target="_blank">Wernher von Braun Rocket Team</a> at Fort Bliss in March 1946</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">After World War II, Dornberger, who had attained the rank of lieutenant general, spent two years in England as a prisoner, then emigrated to the United States in 1947, where he worked as an adviser on guided missiles for the <a href="http://heroicrelics.org/info/rocket-team/team-at-fort-bliss.html" target="_blank">United States Air Force</a>. In 1950 he became a consultant to the Bell Aircraft Corporation and in 1954 wrote V-2, his reminiscences. During his association with Bell, Dornberger participated in the Air Force–NASA project Dyna-Soar, which was eventually transmuted into the space shuttle program. Dornberger retired in 1965.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>Lee Harvey Oswald, Albert Osborne </b><br />
<br />
When Lee Harvey Oswald entered Mexico at Laredo, Texas, on Sept. 26, 1963, his companion on the Red Arrow bus was Albert Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen. Bowen-Osborne had been running a school for highly professional marksmen in Oaxaca, Mexico, since 1934. The cover for the place was his particular mission, and he was the missionary. <br />
<br />
The FBI records on Bowen go back to June 4, 1942, in Henderson Springs, Tennessee. He operated a camp for boys known as "<a href="http://nona-people.blogspot.com/2011/03/david-ferrie.html" target="_blank">Campfire Council</a>." Neighbors complained it was for pro-nazi activities with young fascists. Bowen vehemently opposed the U.S. going to war with nazi Germany. They stomped on the American flag. <br />
<br />
Before that, Bowen worked for the Tennessee Valley Authority since 1933. His dual citizenship between Great Britain and the U.S. took him over the entire globe. So did his use of multiple aliases. <br />
<br />
After the Warren Commission published their report in September 1964, several attorneys in the Southwest recognized the name of <a href="http://www.ctka.net/2014-Josephs/Mexico%20trip_Part%202.html" target="_blank">Osborne</a>. September 8, 1952, Jake Floyd was murdered. The target was meant to be his father, District Judge Floyd. Two suspects were caught, one got away. Their testimony was about being hired by Osborne and how he ran the school for assassins. <br />
<br />
Later investigation revealed Osborne's connections to Division V of the FBI, and to Clay Shaw's Centro Mondiale Commerciale, with funding coming from New Orleans for the CIA, Anti-Castro Cubans, and others. Lee Harvey Oswald applied for a tourist card to enter Mexico while still in New Orleans on September 17, 1963 <br />
<br />
Four other persons, having consecutive tourist numbers, departed nine days later, like Oswald, all to arrive at the same time, entering from several different cities. They were part of the White Russian Solidarists, the Gehlen emigre community that Lee and Marina mingled with. <br />
<br />
This assassination team funded Maurice Brooks Gatlin, Guy Bannister, and the Miami office of Double Check Corporation. J. Edgar Hoover's Division V, Domestic Intelligence, working with the American Council of Christian Churches, had used this group from the Bowen-Osbome academy of assassins. <br />
<br />
Volume XXV of the Hearings has many pages of <a href="http://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=1141&search=%22henderson_springs%22#relPageId=61&tab=page" target="_blank">interviews</a> with people who had sent money to <a href="http://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=1141&relPageId=96&search=Jack_Bowen" target="_blank">Jack Bowen</a>. They never met him, and some like Mrs. Bessie White, Pikesville, Tenn., mailed $35 a month to John Howard Bowen who she believed had been doing missionary work for 18 years in Mexico." Osborne-Bowen had a mission. <br />
<br />
Lee Harvey Oswald, agent from U.S. Defense Dept., had a team of doubles impersonating his behavior, leaving trails of anti-American frustration and meetings with various people. <br />
<br />
While Oswald was in Mexico just prior to Kennedy's murder the purposes were concealed. Meanwhile, the CIA and various authorities led Oswald to the Cuban Embassy, the Soviet Embassy. When the face or voices didn't match the authentic Oswald, it didn't matter, given a difference of 40 to SO pounds and shape. What came from all this was the conclusion that Oswald had really wanted to go to Cuba next. Which Oswald, and why? <br />
<br />
This was to finalize with the illusion of an Oswald-Castro admiration just days before Kennedy would be killed. <br />
<br />
<b>"Treason for My Daily Bread"</b><br />
<b>Argentina and Martin Bormann </b><br />
<br />
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In August 1971, a French paper headlined a news story, "Martin Bormann behind the Kennedy murders." It listed an international band of killers that was located in Texas. They carried out the two assassinations at the German command. <br />
<br />
Six years later, June 8, 1977, the London Guardian reported, "Bormann Linked with Kennedy Murder." This story was based on a new book titled, <i>Treason for My Daily Bread</i> by Mikhail Lebedev. <br />
<br />
Lebedev detailed how Martin Bormann left Europe, established his current life in Paraguay, and how the fatal head shot to Kennedy was delivered by an agent paid by Bormann, alias of Zed. <br />
<br />
Is any of this true? <br />
<br />
Many of these allegations and names come together with both Paris Flammonde's <i>The Kennedy Conspiracy</i> and the <i>Nomenclature of an Assassination Cabal</i>, known as the "Torbitt Document." <br />
<br />
"Zed" allegedly used a .45 for the final shot. <br />
<br />
Buddy Walters, murdered January 10, 1969, picked up a .45 slug in Dealey Plaza and gave it to the Dallas Police. <br />
<br />
There were two possible assassination teams in Dallas. <br />
<br />
The military from Munich, Germany, that was to take over the YAF, with Robert Morris' help, have yet to be identified or interviewed. (Morris from U.S. intelligence, having to do with USSR covert work.) Gen. Edwin Walker's arrangement with U.S. Military in Germany or, the arrival of such people for Nov. 22, 1963, is open to question. <br />
<br />
Albert Osborne's "mission" in Mexico, with direct links to Clay Shaw's Centro Mondiale Commerciale, has never been touched. This was the international band of killers with the Borghese-James Angleton operations working throughout the world. <br />
<br />
Otto Skorzeny's CIA and Reinhard Gehlen death squads, with headquarters in Madrid, were founded by Martin Bormann when the Evita Peron funds were shared after 1952. <br />
<br />
Lebedev mentions "Ruth," David Ferrie, Clay Shaw, Guy Bannister, and Colonel Orlov. The very first day George de Mohrenschildt visited Marina Oswald she was alone and Lee was working. He brought with him a "Colonel Orlov." <br />
<br />
The House Select Committee on Assassinations "investigated" the murder of President John E Kennedy from 1976-1978. The information about Bormann was available from 1971. <i>Treason for My Daily Bread</i> was published while they were supposed to be finding the smoking gun. <br />
<br />
G. Robert Blakey, Chief Consul for the Committee, refused to admit any research or documents on these subjects. He would hang up the telephone and even refused to say if he had ever seen the Torbitt Document. Six million dollars was allotted by Congress to investigate the assassination of president Kennedy. Martin Bormann may have had his motives for his actions through the years. What were G. Robert Blakey's [motives]? What form of prosecution should be suggested for committees, paid to uncover the truth, who continuously sweep under the rug? <br />
<br />
In <i>A Study of a Master Spy</i>, published in London in 196l, Bob Edwards, a member of Parliament and Kenneth Dunne, presented documentary evidence that Allen Dulles of the CIA carried on secret conferences with representatives of Hitler's SS Security Office in February and March 1943. They learned that "Official Washington knew Martin Bormann, Deputy Fuhrer of Hitler's Germany, master-minded the international 'Die Spirule' (Spider) underground organization which is planning to revive nazism as soon as West Germany is adequately rearmed by the United States. Official Washington seems disinterested." <br />
<br />
With John J. McCloy, Allen Dulles and J. Edgar Hoover in control of the Kennedy assassination investigation, these nazi connections were buried. <br />
<br />
<b>The Bunge Corporation, Argentina & Germany </b><br />
<br />
The stock market dropped 24 points in 27 minutes when news of President Kennedy's assassination was announced. 2.6 million shares were sold off. It was the greatest panic since 1929. Somebody made a huge profit selling short in many markets. Somebody made half a billion dollars in one day. <br />
<br />
Coincidentally, the Allied Crude Vegetable Oil Refining Corporation, headed by New Jersey commodities dealer Anthony De Angeles, crashed the same day, driving the market down. <br />
<br />
Allied Crude was controlled by U.S. American Bunge Corporation and financially controlled by a group of share-holders headquartered in Argentina, known as "Bunge and Born, LDA." <br />
<br />
Business Week of October 19. 1963, one month before the Kennedy assassination, described the Born family in Argentina, the biggest shareholders for Bunge, as being from Europe, specifically Germany. <br />
<br />
Everything about Bunge has German influence. They have a $2 billion annual business in 80 countries. There are over 110 offices, all linked by Telex and under-the-ocean telegraph channels. The Bunge Corporation is referred to as "the Octopus." The book Were We Controlled? detailed the relationship of the Bunge Corporation, the foreknowledge of Kennedy's murder, and the Argentine-German connections. <br />
<br />
<b>1960 Elections: Richard Nixon vs. John F. Kennedy </b><br />
<br />
Before the election of 1960, a group within the Christian Right plotted to kill John Kennedy in Van Nuys, California while he was still a candidate. The group was a meld of anti-Castro Cubans, Minutemen and home-grown nazis. Some were sought by Jim Garrison, following his arrest of Clay Shaw, for testimony before the New Orleans grand jury. When Garrison forwarded extradition papers for Edgar Eugene Bradley, a member of the group, Governor Ronald Reagan refused to sign them. The leader of one of these groups, the Christian Defense League (CDL), was the Reverend William P. Gale. During the war Gale had been an Army colonel in the Philippines training guerrilla bands. His superior officer was Willoughby. By the late 1950s Gale was recruiting veterans for his "Identity" group, which was financed by a wealthy Los Angeles man. <br />
<br />
One of the CDL's contacts was Captain Robert K. Brown, a special forces professional from Fort Benning, Georgia. Brown was working with anti-Castro Cubans, mercenaries similar to Skorzeny's teams. Brown is now publisher of Soldier of Fortune magazine and paramilitary texts such as Silencers, Snipers and Assassins. The book explains how Mitchell WerBell made special weapons for the CIA, Bay of Pigs assault squads and other customers. WerBell, son of a wealthy Czarist cavalry officer, perfected a silencer so effective a gun can be shot in one room and not heard in the next. It is ideal for assassinations. <br />
<br />
There had been prolonged controversy about how many shots were fired the day Kennedy was killed. The President's wounds, nicks on the limousine and curb, and other bullet evidence indicated quite a few. But the Warren Commission concluded there were only three. It took the testimony of spectators in Dealey Plaza who said they only heard three. It never considered the possibility that silencer-fitted guns were fired. <br />
<br />
When Clay Shaw was arrested by Jim Garrison the news was of particular interest to the Italian newspaper Paesa Sera. It followed up with a story that Shaw belonged to a cover organization in Rome named Cenuo Mondiale Commerciale (CMC). Its location was frequently moved, its presidents rotated; its modus operandi altered. CMC included Italian fascists, elements of the European paramilitary right, the CIA, and the U.S. Defense Department. There were major shareholders with banks located in Switzerland, Miami, Basel and other major cities. CMC had been formed in 1961, one year after Kennedy was elected. Its principals had worked with fascist networks established after World War II. The board of directors numbered Ferenc Nagy, a former Hungarian premier who led that country's Anti-Communist Countrymen's Party in exile. J. Edgar Hoover brought Nagy to the United States, where there were numerous Gehlen-supported emigre organizations. <br />
<br />
On August 18, 1951, the Saturday Evening Post pictured Nagy with Czech, Pole, Hungarian and Russian exiles under the heading: "They Want Us To Go to War Right Now." On November 22, 1963 Nagy was living in Dallas.<br />
<br />
CMC was actually a subsidiary of Swiss-based Permindex, whose president was Prince Gutierez de Spadafora, Italian industrialist and large landowner. Spadafora's daughter-in-law was related to Hjalmar Schacht. Clay Shaw, who managed the New Orleans International Trade Mart, was a director. Another was Giorgio Mantello, aka George Mandel, who would later move to New Orleans. Once convicted of "criminal activities" in Switzerland, Mantello worked closely with his fellow Hungarian Nagy. One of the goals of the CMC was that "Rome will recover once again her position as center of the civilized world."<br />
<br />
Major L. M. Bloomfield, a veteran of the OSS who resided in Montreal, was a suspect Garrison wanted to question. In Canada he reportedly controlled Credit Suisse, Heineken's Breweries, Israel Continental Company, Grimaldo Siosa Lines and other international firms. Shaw's name was found among eleven directors of a company in Montreal that actually was based in Rome. Who was giving the virtually unlimited money to CMC, and who was getting it? <i>The answer might have been found in the huge amounts that flowed out of Evita Peron's accounts.</i>[emphasis added] <br />
<br />
Paesa Sera reported on March 4, 1967 that CMC was a creature of the CIA serving as a money conduit, and that Shaw and Bloomfield conducted illegal political espionage under its cover. In New Orleans, Shaw was the respected citizen who had helped restore the French Quarter. In Rome he was a vital member of the boards of twin companies dealing with fascists accused of European assassinations. Shaw's address book contained the private number of Principessa Marcelle Borghese, now Duchessa de Bomartao, who is related to Prince Valerio Borghese. Called the "Black Prince" and "The New Duce," Borghese was leader of the Movimento Sociale Italiano, a neo-fascist syndicate. The Black Prince, who was a decorated submarine captain in the First World War, was convicted of cooperating with the nazis in WW II and given 12 years in prison. <br />
<br />
The Black Prince is the same Borghese rescued by the CIA's James J. Angleton. No wonder Angleton was awarded the Sovereign Military Order of Malta by the Pope after the war. It might explain what Angleton was hinting at when questioned about the murder of JFK: "A mansion has many rooms; there were many things during the period; I 'm not privy to who struck John." <br />
<br />
<i>Clay Shaw's affiliation with Permindex would plug in later to Argentina, Spain, Rome, New Orleans and Dallas. The international range of hit teams, using CIA money diverted overseas</i> to cover companies set up by the Gehlen Organization, started coming together after Shaw's arrest. [emphasis added]<br />
<br />
In November, 1960 it would be Nixon versus Kennedy. Frank Sinatra introduced Judith Exner to John Kennedy on the eve of the New Hampshire primary. A few weeks later Sinatra introduced Judith Exner to Chicago Mafia boss Sam Giancana. So Exner became involved, as William Safire put it, in a "dual affair with the nation's most powerful mobster and the nation's most powerful political leader." <br />
<br />
Giancana was busy with more than his love life; he was <i>hired to form assassination teams to go after Fidel Castro</i>. The man who retained him was Robert Maheu, a former FBI and CIA operative. It was a classic cutoff. Maheu never mentioned that the CIA was behind it. He intimated to Giancana that wealthy Cuban exiles were providing the funds. This sounded plausible, since Maheu was Howard Hughes' right-hand man. <br />
<br />
Giancana put his Los Angeles lieutenant, Johnny Roselli, in charge of the hit squads. <i>In 1978 when the House Select Committee questioned him, Roselli hinted that his assignment was aimed at Kennedy as well as Castro.</i> Shortly afterward, his body was found floating in an oil drum off the Florida coast. Giancana never got a chance to testify. He was shot to death in his Chicago home. <br />
<br />
The Howard Hughes organization, used as a cover for the kill-Castro conspiracy, (Hughes thought it was a patriotic idea) has long retained Carl Byoir Associates as its public relations arm. Throughout the war Byoir represented nazi bankers and industrialists and the I.G. Farben interests. One of his clients was Ernest Schmitz, member of the I.G. Farben-Ilgner and the German American Board of Trade. His Information Services was subsidized by the nazi government. George Sylvester Viereck, editor of the German Library of Information, was also in business with Byoir. A lucrative Byoir client was the Frederick Flick Group. Flick, a Nuremberg defendant released by McCloy, was the single greatest power behind the nazi military muscle. <br />
<br />
Frederick Flick's son was close to the W.R. Grace Company, and invested over $400,000 in partnership with J. Peter Grace in the United States. During the war, W.R. Grace was accused in a military report of protecting a certain nazi Colonel Brite in Bolivia. In 1951, when the CIA smuggled Barbie out of Germany, he was sent to join the same Colonel Brite. George de Mohrenschildt was a close associate of the company's founder, William Grace. <br />
<br />
De Mohrenschildt was a man of many faces. He befriended Lee and Marina Oswald, introducing them to the White Russian community. He made phone calls to obtain Lee jobs and housing. As he told it to the Warren Commission, he was fascinated with this strange couple just out of Russia. But at the Petroleum Club in Dallas, De Mohrenschildt sang the praises of Heinrich Himmler. His travels took him all over the world on missions identified with intelligence. In 1956 he was employed by Pantetec Oil Company owned by the family of William Buckley. De Mohrenschildt often discussed Oswald with J. Walton Moore, the CIA's Domestic Contacts Division resident in Dallas. In the spring of l963, just after visiting the Oswalds, he went to Washington. There is a record of a phone call de Mohrenschildt made on May 7, 1963, to the Army Chief of Staff for intelligence. The same month he had a meeting in person with a member of that staff. His military connections seem to have been wide. One of the first persons de Mohrenschildt took the Oswalds to see in Dallas was retired Admiral Chester Barton. <br />
<br />
Although De Mohrenschildt and his wife Jeanne testified at length before the Warren Commission, only attorney Albert Jenner and Pentagon historian Alfred Goldberg attended. One of Jenner's clients was General Dynamics, maker of the F-111 fighter that would achieve fame in Vietnam. The chief of security for General Dynamics in Dallas, Max Clark, was another De Mohrenschildt associate donating money to help Marina while George got Lee his next job in Dallas. He found one at the graphics house of Jagger-Chiles-Stovall, which held classified military contracts. <br />
<br />
Jeanne de Mohrenschildt was originally brought to the U.S. by a family member employed by the Howard Hughes organization. In 1977 George was found fatally shot, allegedly a suicide, on the day a House Select Committee investigator came by looking for him. Jeanne consented to a press interview. She said George had been a nazi spy. <br />
<br />
The placement de Mohrenschildt got for Oswald allowed him to visit the Sol Bloom agency at least 40 times. It was this agency that later decided the motorcade route for Kennedy's fatal visit. <br />
<br />
Ruth Paine, whom Oswald met via George, had called Roy Truly and procured work for Oswald at the Texas School Book Depository. If Maydell and the Gehlen agents were active in the U.S. they knew all the right moves to secure their patsy. <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "geneva" , "swiss" ,;"><br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------- <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>How Nixon Actually Got Into Power </b></span><br />
<br />
By Mae Brussell<br />
<br />
From "The Realist," August, 1972 <br />
<br />
The rise of Adolph Hitler and fascism in Germany was carefully
planned. It began with the illegal rearmament of a covert army following
defeat in World War I, which was an intentional, secretive breaking of
the Versailles Treaty disarmament agreements. American munition
manufacturers and industrialists aided the clandestine military leaders
of Germany in their rearmament. (1) <br />
<br />
Over four hundred political assassinations of legitimate government
officials from various agencies in Germany took place during that
period. These murders were necessary for the desired power and position
the hidden German government needed. <br />
<br />
German law courts, plus their Supreme Court, assisted the growing
military regime from 1920-1933. Two governments, one official and legal,
one clandestine and secretive, existed side by side, Hitler, front man
and leader of the illegal arms, mistaken for comical by the
intellectuals, was administered the oath as Chancellor of the German
Reich January 30, 1933. <br />
<br />
The rise of Richard Nixon in the United States was carefully
planned. An illegal attitude towards the Versailles Treaty allowed
American financiers to feed and support Germany's illegal rearmament. An
illegal attitude toward the Geneva Accord was also approved by Dwight
Eisenhower for Indochina in 1945. (2) <br />
<br />
A study of our State department and espionage establishment reveals
that we had clandestine, secret armies functioning both abroad and in
the United States. (3) <br />
<br />
Hundreds of political assassinations, plus the Supreme Court, have
supported this clandestine government and military regime by lending
their name to the concealment of the conspiracies to murder our leaders.
They refuse to examine documents that exist, allow truth to remain
locked in the National Archives on the basis of the lie, "national
security." <br />
<br />
Richard Nixon, front man and leader of this illegal government,
mistaken for comical by the intellectuals, was administered the oath of
president of the United States on January 20, 1969. <br />
<br />
Military and industrial fanatics felt deprived and defeated when
John Kennedy would not make war with the Soviet Union as late as 1961.
E.M. Dealey, militant publisher of the Dallas News, told President
Kennedy, 'We need a man on horseback to lead this nation. Too many
people in Texas and the Southwest think you are riding Caroline's
tricycle." (4) <br />
<br />
Two years later, in Dealey Plaza, John Kennedy was murdered. He
feared the hidden government behind his back, publicly stating he wanted
"to splinter the CIA in a thousand pieces and scatter it to the
winds."(5) The day our President was murdered, the streets of Dallas
were filled with posters and handbills proclaiming him a traitor. This
was the same motivation for illegal assassinations and killings in
pre-Nazi, and Nazi Germany. (6) <br />
<br />
The Warfare State was set free, following November 22, 1963, to show
its ugly face. The war in Asia began to escalate, with no noticeable
provocations, only three weeks after the murder of President Kennedy.
(7) John Foster Dulles was U.S. Secretary of State from 1953-1959.
Before and following these years heading the State Department, this
public servant wielded tremendous power and influence with the military
and industrial monopolies of power and wealth in the world. He was the
architect of "containing Communism."(8) Mr. Dulles confided, "President
Eisenhower surrendered all his power to me." In 1956 he said, "Don't
bother about what the President said. I write what he says.'(9) The
State Department was "in my hat." You did not have to rely on the
department or its bureaucracy. (10) <br />
<br />
His brother, Allen Dulles, headed our spy agency formerly known as
the OSS. As long as John Foster Dulles was Secretary of State, Allen
Dulles had no need to "chafe under political control." Both brothers
"placed supreme confidence in their personal judgments." They were
completely trusted and were able to act at will and " shielded from any
unpleasant consequences." (11) Adolph Hitler declared war in 1941. By
1942 Allen Dulles was moved to Switzerland for the purpose of rounding
up and importing to the United States, German "specialists." Two years
before the war ended, or its fate was decided, the United States was
making arrangements for Nazi scientists, arms experts to come to our
democracy (for which the boys were fighting and dying at that moment).
(12) <br />
<br />
From 1945 until 1952 the U.S. military brought over 642 alien
"specialists" and their families from nazi Germany. They were known
collectively by the code name "paperclip." German missile and rocket
experts, munition makers, war experts were carefully selected and
located into aerospace programs, war industries, armament factories,
defense and warfare manufacturing.(13) <br />
<br />
Violent anti-communist fears by the military and munition makers
justified the exchange for a once democratic nation into the fascist
state we have today. Members of the nazi party now hold key positions in
our universities, factories, aircraft and aerospace programs.(14) When
the nazi empire collapsed in 1945, ex-nazi General Reinhard Gehlen
joined forces with our OSS. Gehlen was placed in charge of wartime
intelligence for Foreign Armies East. "It was not long before Gehlen was
back in business, this time for the United States. Gehlen named his
price and terms."'(15) A series of meetings was arranged at the Pentagon
with nazi Gehlen, Allen Dulles, J. Edgar Hoover and others.(16) The
Gehlen organization combined forces and agents with the OSS, which was
soon to become known as the CIA. Experts in clandestine and illegal
control of Germany through political assassinations and reversal of
judicial processes became the new teachers for Allen Dulles and Richard
Helms. They helped form the new CIA in 1947, based upon clandestine
activities in nazi Germany.(17) <br />
<br />
Espionage networks were supposedly to spy out secrets of other
nations. Instead they have secretly engaged in clandestine political
actions, stirred revolts, overthrown governments and attempted to bring
about political change. <br />
<br />
The method of maintaining billion dollar war machines and related
armament and aircraft factories requires controlling people, political
leaders, and otherwise legal governmental agencies. The Communist scare,
hot war and cold war propaganda, would continue to manipulate the
majority of the people. This scare was the brainchild of the fascist
strategist <br />
<br />
Enter Richard Milhous Nixon. <br />
<br />
He applied to serve in the FBI following graduation from law school.
No answer followed. When World War 2 was declared, Nixon requested sea
duty and was assigned to the South Pacific Combat Air Transport
Command.(18) Nixon's 15 months in the South Pacific ended when he was
transferred to Fleet Air Wing 8 at Alameda, Califomia, and from there he
was assigned on special orders to the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. The
Navy assigned him to "winding up" active contracts with such aircraft
firms as Bell and Glenn Martin.(19) That year was 1945, when importation
proceedings began for the 642 nazi rocket and aerospace experts and
scientists from Germany to the U.S. Through the "generosity of the
Guggenheim Foundation they obtained a suitable site - a huge medieval
castle, built by financier Jay Gould on a 160-acre estate at Sands
Point, Long Island. Here the Germans began work on a secret project for
the Navy's Office of Research and Inventions.(21) <br />
<br />
April, May, June and July, 1945, worldwide attention fell upon
German atrocities. From Belsen, Nordhusen, Buchenwald, and Dachau came
stories of slaughter and grotesque medical research conducted in the
name of science. Public opinion polls gave no evidence of generous
feelings toward any group in the German population. But opinions do not
automatically create Policy . (22) <br />
<br />
By 1945 the armed services accepted the nazis' skills and mentality
as indispensable to our military power. Young advisors could not fully
appreciate the concern about clandestine maneuvers after World War I,
and were not alarmed by the devastation and destruction of the Third
Reich. They looked upon the German scientists with excitement and
anticipation.(23) The Department of Navy was the first to act upon the
importation process.(27) <br />
<br />
States to benefit economically from the influx of munition makers,
rocket and space industries, warfare hardware were based in the South
and Southwest. Segregated, racist states were natural habitats for
imported Germans. Cold war propaganda, perpetuated by hatred of the
Soviet Union and much of Asia, was financed and fostered for the most
part in Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, Ohio, Texas, Alabama, Arizona,
Nevada, New Mexico and Califomia. <br />
<br />
The same mentality that allowed genocidal, inhuman slaughters on the
continent of Europe built machinery to extend pain and warfare in
Southeast Asia. <br />
<br />
Richard Nixon was in New York, serving in the Navy, the summer that
importation plans started going into effect. He soon moved to Maryland
where a very important telegram was to arrive. "He wanted to get out of
the service, but there was the great question, 'What now?' While he
pondered his alternatives, events and circumstances were deciding the
question for him. A telegram was the instrument of fate. (28) <br />
<br />
In August, 1945, a Committee of One Hundred Men located in California placed an advertisement in 26 newspapers: <br />
<br />
WANTED-Congressman candidate with no previous political experience
to defeat a man who has represented the district in the House for ten
years. Any young man, resident of district, preferably a veteran, fair
education, no political strings or obligations and possessor of a few
ideas for betterment of country at large may apply for the job.
Applicants will be reviewed by 100 interested citizens who will
guarantee support but will not obligate the candidate in any way. (26) <br />
<br />
That ad was typical, a covert method of pretending this was an open
contest for office. Richard Nixon, located in Maryland, still in the
Navy, received a telephone call from Herman Perry. "Are you a republican
and are you available?" were the two questions asked of Nixon. (27) <br />
<br />
Herman Perry was vice president of Bank of America (28) which was
soon on its way to becoming the largest private bank in the world. By
1960, one hundred top corporations were spending $21-billion for
military goods. In California alone, fully half of all jobs related
directly or indirectly on the continuance of the arms race.(29) <br />
<br />
Richard Nixon, poor, from an unknown family, absent from the
California scene for many formative years during law school and military
service, was selected to represent old guard California republicans who
picked him to run for Congress.(30) He was called upon to serve the
strategists. <br />
<br />
Nixon was "recognized." <br />
<br />
Significant to the political escalation of Richard Nixon from
congressman to vice president was the Alger Hiss case. The Hiss case was
to Nixon what the Reichstag fire was to Hitler. Both were dramatic lies
planned and executed by the clandestine strategists. <br />
<br />
Parallels to German strategy -- assassinations, destruction of
evidence, distortion of evidence to discredit legitimate public servants
-- existed precisely in America. (31) In 1934, Alger Hiss was legal
counsel for the Senate Nye Committee. This group was set up for the
purpose of investigating illegal rearmament practices.(32) During those
years Hiss was antagonizing American industrial and banking giants.
Germany was illegally rearming. It became necessary to discredit any
persons such as Hiss who were interested in peace, working for
legitimate peaceful alternatives. <br />
<br />
Whittaker Chambers made a point of becoming acquainted with Alger
Hiss in 1934. At that time, some considered Chambers to be a German
spy.(33) Using techniques of imported masters of espionage, plans were
being made at that time to discredit Alger Hiss. By waiting several
years, Hiss could be strategically occupied in various Government
services. John Foster Dulles was instrumental in placing Hiss as head of
the Carnegie Foundation, a group associated with peace and the United
Nations. <br />
<br />
Attacks on Hiss started in 1941, attempting to associate him with
Communists, exploded into a time bomb in 1948. The total effect in
delaying the smear was to discredit an era. Richard Nixon became
recipient of the efforts. The reputation of Roosevelt, the New Deal,
Dumbarton Oaks Conference, United Nations and Truman's administration
all became tinted "red." Joe McCarthy entered this milieu and expressed
fears that had been fomented in lies. <br />
<br />
Richard Nixon had always served his masters by employing fear and
hysteria. His original campaigns against Jerry Voomis and Helen Douglas
were unfounded red smears. That is the only way he operates. <br />
<br />
One of the clues to covert smears is the common mishandling of
evidence. For 8 1/2 years I have studied carefully the evidence
associated with the murder of John Kennedy. Bullets, clothing, weapons,
X-rays, photographs, car interior, autopsy reports, cameras, street
sign, curb, lamppost, clothing of John Connally, diaries, FBI documents,
CIA reports and State Department papers were either burned, airborned
to Michigan and destroyed, altered, planted, missing or locked up.(37)
Evidence to prove covert murder of Robert Kennedy is "locked up for
seventy five years." (38) <br />
<br />
What happened to the lone piece of evidence in the Alger Hiss case
that was important to his conviction, the famous Woodstock typewriter?
Because Richard Nixon said his "name, reputation and career" were linked
to this case, he will tell you about the typewriter himself. <br />
<br />
A massive search was initiated for the key 'witness' in the case,
the old Woodstock typewriter on which Chambers said Mrs. Hiss had typed
the incriminating documents. On December 13, FBI agents found the
typewriter. The same day I appeared before the Grand Jury with the
microfilm. (Richard Nixon, My Six Crises, Doubleday & Company, Inc.,
Garden City, NY, 1962, $5.95, p. 59) <br />
<br />
For $5 less, and six years later, you can buy the same story, by the same author, without the typewriter: <br />
<br />
A massive search was initiated for the key 'witness' in the case,
the old Woodstock typewriter on which Chambers said Mrs. Hiss had typed
the incriminating documents. On December 13, FBI agents were unable to
find the typewriter, but they did find some old letters which Priscilla
Hiss admitted having typed on the Woodstock. (Richard Nixon, My Six
Crises, Pyramid Books, 95e, p. 64) <br />
<br />
At this point, Nixon added a fooulote blaming the "press, who were
busy in those tense days were several rumors behind closed doors of the
Grand Jury. One reporter said the typewriter was found, but actually it
was not found until several months later." <br />
<br />
Even with the above explanation, Nixon still does not inform the
reader that the Woodstock typewriter was found not by the 35 FBI agents
several months later who were turning Washington upside-down searching
for it. The typewriter was actually found by Donald Hiss and his own
investigators, and presented by Alger Hiss at the first trial as an
exhibit for the defense. <br />
<br />
The chief prosecutor of the Alger Hiss case, Richard Nixon, trying
to pin a conspiracy or Communist label on Hiss, could not write his own
book correctly about the key evidence used against him. This kind of
smear and investigation was going to be used as the excuse for elevating
Nixon into the role of vice president of the United States. Allen
Dulles and John Foster Dulles would control all State Department
policies and espionage activities for the president. <br />
<br />
There was another observation regarding the famous Woodstock
typewriter. Robert Kennedy, as Attorney General of the United States in
1962, was making a "recent check and finds the FBI never had the
Woodstock typewriter. Writing to Meyer Zeligs about this manner, Claude
Cross mentioned, "In my mind there is a mystery connected with this
typewriter and its whereabouts from the period just prior to the
trial.(39) Why was Robert Kennedy searching for this important evidence,
the link in the Nixon saga? Were the Kennedys getting ready to
investigate Richard Nixon's pieces of planted evidence used for purposes
of slander and redbaiting? <br />
<br />
Three of Alger Hiss' friends who could have changed the tide of
history -- Harry Dexter White, Walter Marvin Smith and Lawrence Guggan
-- were found dead shortly after having contact with our FBI.(37) When
the covert government creates its plot, in Germany or the United States,
nobody stands in their way. <br />
<br />
Isaac Don Levine is the man who took Whittaker Chambers "by the
arm," a reluctant Chambers, and arranged the meetings where he would
begin to smear Alger Hiss.(38) It was no coincidence that the same Isaac
Don Levine would be meeting with Marina Oswald, widow of Lee Harvey
Oswald, immediately following the murder of President Kennedy. They were
in a huddle to exchange money for squeezing a "communist" story out of a
CIA plot. (39) Levine served Richard Nixon's career faithfully and many
times through the years. <br />
<br />
This fellow Levine is in contact with Marina to break the story up a
little more graphic manner and tie it into a Russian business, and it
is with the thought and background of a Russian connection, conspiracy
concept. (John J. McCloy, Minutes of Warren Commission, Meeting, Jan.
21, 1964 <br />
<br />
Alger Hiss said that Richard Nixon was engaged in something "beyond
his scope and size."(40) Richard Nixon, like Adolph Hitler, is a
patchwork quilt. Both men represent the sum total of all murders, secret
plans, behind-the-scene covert imaginations that created their
existence. They were hand-sewn and designed by identical masters. It was
a community project between persons from Nazi Germany and the United
States military and intelligence agencies. <br />
<br />
They are in power today, continuing mass murders, political
assassinations. Industrial giants scrape the bottom of the ocean, the
surface of the moon, the face of the earth for the oil, gold, minerals,
resources within their grasp. It is the moral obligation of human beings
to halt this hunger for power and legalized greed toward the majority
of persons on the planet earth. <br />
<br />
High summit meetings, a false sense of euphoria preceding elections,
does not conceal increased budgets for weaponry, new laws of repression
or further concentration of power in the White House. The family of
humanity is not represented by the strategists who are few in number,
still holding on to their power. Secret organizations such as the
Lincoln Club, formed in 1963, continue to finance and dictate to Richard
Nixon.(41) This group should be carefully examined. <br />
<br />
Nixon's kind of power over other people 's lives is elusive, and
vanishes rapidly at the proper moment. The human family has new weapons
in the war against secrecy. Information is power. Speed of
communications is power. Ability is power. Sheer numbers of intelligent
and concerned citizens becomes power. Facts are power. <br />
<br />
Available facts and documentation of past political assassinations
must be exposed today, before the next election in 1972. The coup d'etat
in 1963, and again in 1968, did not represent the power or the
interests of the majority. It is time to call a halt against the cold
war, the hot war, and the war against ourselves. By examining the
evidence of political assassinations, it is possible to understand how
the country was misled down the line by a select, elite minority. <br />
<br />
The strategists, aided by clandestine and covert planning, do not
represent the people or the interests of the people in the United
States. <br />
<br />
REFERENCES <br />
<br />
1. Clandestine rearmament of Germany: <a href="http://www.maebrussell.com/Articles%20and%20Notes/Inspection%20For%20Disarmament.html" target="_blank"><i>Inspection for Disarmament</i></a>,
edited by Seymour Melman (Columbia Press, 1968), pp 202-219. <br />
<br />
2. Illegal attitude to Geneva Accord: <i>Pentagon Papers</i> (New York Times paperback; Bantam Press, 1970), p. xi. [Also <a href="http://www.maebrussell.com/Mae%20Brussell%20Articles/How%20Nixon%20Actually%20Got%20Into%20Power.html" target="_blank">cited</a> in Mae Brussell works.]<br />
<br />
3. Clandestine armies of U.S. home and abroad: <i>Invisible Government</i>
by David Wise & Thomas Ross (Bantam edition, 1965); <i>Espionage
Establishment</i> by David Wise & Thomas Ross (Random House, 1967). <br />
<br />
4. Kennedy, Dealey: <i>Warfare State</i> by Fred Cook (Macmillan Press, 1967). <br />
<br />
5. "Splinter CIA": New York Times, April 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 1966. <br />
<br />
6. Called a traitor: Hearings before the Commission, XVIII, p. 835. <br />
<br />
7. Escalation of War: Computers and Automation (December, 1971), p. 39 <br />
<br />
8. Containing Communism: Encyclopedia Almanac, 1970 (New York Times), p. 544. <br />
<br />
9. Eisenhower surrendered power to me: Conversation with McMillan, New York Times, April 24, 1971. <br />
<br />
10. State Department in my hat: <i>To Move a Nation</i> by Roger Hilsman (Doubleday & Co., 1967), p. 67. <br />
<br />
11. Dulles brothers: New York Times, April 29, 1966. 12. Allen Dulles, 1942, <br />
<br />
12. Switzerland: <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Project_Paperclip.html?id=J--2AAAAIAAJ" target="_blank"><i>Project Paperclip: German Scientists and the Cold War</i></a> by Clarence Lasby (Atheneum Press, 1971); Saturday Review, Dec. 11,
1971. <br />
<br />
13. Rounding up nazis: Ibid., Project Paperclip, p. 5. <br />
<br />
14. Nazis in industry, schools, factories in U.S.: Ibid., Project Paperclip. <br />
<br />
15. Collapse of Germany, Gehlen: Ibid., <i>Invisible Government</i>, pp. 134-135. <br />
<br />
16. Gehlen, Hooves, Dulles, Pentagon: <i>Secret War for Europe</i> by Louis
Hogan (Stein & Day, 1969), pp. 35-36. 17. OSS became CIA, Dulles,
Helms: Ibid., The Espionage Establishment, pp. 115-116, 132-176. <br />
<br />
18. Air Transport Command: <i>Nixon</i> by Ralph De Toledano (Duell, Sloan, Peatce), p. 35. <br />
<br />
19. Alameda, air contacts: Ibid., Nixon, p. 37. <br />
<br />
20. New York, Contracts: <i>My Six Crises</i>, Pyramid Books, 1962), p. 81. <br />
<br />
21. Importation of Germans: Ibid., <i>Project Paperclip</i>, pp. 4-5 <br />
<br />
22. German atrocities: Ibid., <i>Project Paperclip</i>, p. 61. 23.
Anticipation for arrival: Ibid., <i>Project Paperclip</i>, p. 64. 24.
Department of Navy: Ibid., <i>Project Paperclip</i>, p. 66. Z5. Telegram
instrument of fate: ibid., Nixon, p. 37. 26. Advertisement, Congressman:
Ibid., Nixon, pp. 39-40. 27. Call, "Are you a republican?": Ibid.,
Nixon, p. 40. 28. Herman Perry: Milhous (film) Emil Di Antonio. <br />
<br />
29. Bank of America : Ibid., <i>Warfare State</i>, p. 23. 30. Richard Nixon selected by old guard: New York Times, Feb. 16, 1972. <br />
<br />
31. Evidence locked up: Computers & Automation (October 1971), pp. 4145. <br />
<br />
32. Alger Hiss, Nye Committee: <i>Friendship and Fratricide</i> by Meyer Zeligs (Viking Press), p. 192. <br />
<br />
33. Chambers, maybe Ger<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "geneva" , "swiss" ,;">m</span>an spy: Ibid., <i>Friendship and Fratricide</i>, p. 3 <br />
<br />
34. JFK, evidence locked up, altered: Computers and Automation May,
June, July, Nov., 1970; March, May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct, Nov.,
Dec., 1971; Jan., Feb., 1972. <br />
<br />
35. Robert Kennedy murder: Computers and Automation, Aug., Oct, 1970; April, 1971. <br />
<br />
36 Missing Woodstock typewriter Ibid., <i>Friendship and Fratricide</i>, p. 368. <br />
<br />
37. Hiss, death of friends: <i>American Opinion</i>, Feb., 1971, pp. 51-53. <br />
<br />
38. Isaac Levine, Chambers: Ibid., <i>Friendship and Fratricide</i>, p. 23. <br />
<br />
39. Levine, Marine: Hearings Before the Commission, Vol. XXIV, pp. 24-W. <br />
<br />
40. Hiss, "Nixon in something beyond scope": Ibid., <i>Friendship and Fratricide</i>, p. 282-283. <br />
<br />
41. Lincoln Club, secrets: New York Times, Feb. 16, 1972. <br />
<br />
<b>This articles was reprinted by:<br />
Prevailing Winds Research<br />
P. O. Box 23511<br />
Santa Barbara, CA 93121 </b><br />
<br />
</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-75448727219194264802016-03-30T08:52:00.002-05:002019-04-29T10:03:00.122-05:00Permindex and Double-Chek Agents and Activities<div class="separator tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
After a question was posed by a reader of this blog, I noticed a draft which I failed to post earlier. It relates to research done a few years ago pertaining to what prompted the publication of the Torbitt Document in 1969.<br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What did "Torbitt" Know?</span></b></i><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWdWVxD3lHCkdAyLZWL69JVrbMYCNOFiJ2NAE6rZRFTQh2Kz8PG9udMhwhn0tpqru4m6MCDvMtSd9PfSgdKyA4ES84zwP6OO41iTfGb198hr5VO67jHyYy8rECfUdGufne2k8FNLaGwERi/s1600/Torbitt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWdWVxD3lHCkdAyLZWL69JVrbMYCNOFiJ2NAE6rZRFTQh2Kz8PG9udMhwhn0tpqru4m6MCDvMtSd9PfSgdKyA4ES84zwP6OO41iTfGb198hr5VO67jHyYy8rECfUdGufne2k8FNLaGwERi/s320/Torbitt.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://scribblguy.50megs.com/torbitt.htm" target="_blank">David Copeland's Manuscript</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">David Copeland (writing under the pseudonym of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0932813399%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">William Torbitt)</a> wrote in </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chapter VI of the Torbitt Document, entitled "Permindex and Double-Chek Agents and their Activities"</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">) that <a href="http://scribblguy.50megs.com/torbitt6.htm" target="_blank">Double-Chek Corporation</a>, </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">a Florida corporation organized and operated by the CIA and the American counterpart of Permindex and Centro Mondiale Comerciale, was taken over by Division Five of the FBI and was used as one of the principal funding agencies for President Kennedy's death planners.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In other words, Copeland, through information he gleaned from various underground sources while his <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2012/02/david-copeland-man-behind-torbitt-mask.html" target="_blank">first wife</a> was employed at<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Consolidated Vultee Aircraft in
Fort Worth</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">, c</span>ompared Double Chek's organization to that of <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/08/creature-of-cia-centro-commerciale.html" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;" target="_blank">Permindex and CMC</a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">--all CIA proprietaries which he thought were "taken over" by J. Edgar Hoover in order to pay the assassins of President Kennedy.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Italian </span><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/08/creature-of-cia-centro-commerciale.html" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;" target="_blank"><i>Centro Mondiale Commerciale</i></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> (translated "world trade center") was a creature of the national security authority Americans set up to comply with requirements of various international pacts at the conclusion of World War II to fight further Soviet expansion. These mutual security agreements set the stage for "stay behind" military forces which continued to police Europe in order to prevent Stalin's military from taking advantage of the devastation. At the same time, other funds were funneled into companies designed to strengthen the ability of the locals to defend themselves. Presumably the CMC was a front company into which American money was funneled for either or both of such purposes.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Not until 1973 was the existence of
Double-Check as a CIA proprietary company confirmed by the <a href="http://pw1.netcom.com/%7Encoic/cia_info.htm" target="_blank">Church Committee Report</a>.</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg81yq9kLV2xANPx4ny5PnF_j2vLam8fi9xSaEOaIOxVxMzZJXnQpeNHLUv5eEU7RcZt0gORhT36lHfCZ4cRO1ahChNkVTuyxAqybB9mmEZTneFuMWiauHqrMBEJCCfiy1web6D8eHheqya/s1600/Double-Chek+_CIA+front.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg81yq9kLV2xANPx4ny5PnF_j2vLam8fi9xSaEOaIOxVxMzZJXnQpeNHLUv5eEU7RcZt0gORhT36lHfCZ4cRO1ahChNkVTuyxAqybB9mmEZTneFuMWiauHqrMBEJCCfiy1web6D8eHheqya/s640/Double-Chek+_CIA+front.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/viewer/showDoc.do?mode=searchResult&absPageId=150835"><span style="font-size: small;">From Church Committee Reports, page 263</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody> </table>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
In describing the <a href="http://www.umsl.edu/%7Ethomaskp/harhal.htm" target="_blank">Defense Industrial Security Command</a>, Copeland seemed to rely on the gun-running activities in which David Ferrie and Jack Ruby had often been engaged, but he also used information supplied by criminal defendants he had represented. After mentioning the allegations made by Donald P. Norton connecting Ferrie to Oswald, as well as statements made by Jules Rocco Kimble about Ferrie's contacts in Montreal, he stated that Walter Sheridan "was the liaison man with Bobby Kennedy for Joe Carroll of the Defense Intelligence Agency."</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br />
One of the agents employed by Hoover's Espionage Section [also referred to as Division 5 or the Domestic Intelligence section] was W. Marvin Gheesling, who took Lee Oswald off the FLASH warning only one day before alarms would have been set off while he was in contact with the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City. [See page 178 of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1439193886%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">James Douglas, <i>JFK and the Unspeakable</i></a>.]<br />
<br />
<br />
<i style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>Mexican Assassins in Texas in 1952</b></i><br />
<i style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> </b></i> <br />
David Copeland aka William Torbitt wrote the following, concerning the assassination cabal housed somewhere in Mexico:</div>
<span style="color: #666666;"></span><br /><span style="color: #666666;"></span>
<blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">The Free Cuba Committee, anti-Communist Russian Solidarists, A.C.C.C. and Division Five of the FBI obtained the team of world's best Mexican riflemen through the offices of Double-Chek Corporation, an American based subsidiary of Permindex, the FBI and CIA funded Swiss corporation, and Centro Mondiale Comerciale, also known as World Trade Center Corporation, another FBI and CIA funded corporation which moved from Rome to Johannesburg, South Africa in 1962. Both of these corporations had been used by J. Edgar Hoover to fund the 1961 and 1962 assassination attempts on General DeGaulle.<br /><br />The existence of the espionage section of the FBI's nest of professional assassins in Mexico began under the supervision of <a href="http://hobrad.angelfire.com/osborne.html">Albert Osborne</a> in 1943. It was Hoover's brain child and he has kept a close management on the unit of twenty-five to thirty expert riflemen and continues to do so in 1969. He has allowed the Defense Intelligence Agency to use these men but they remain as his charges. In 1952 two of the professionals, Mario (El Turko) Sapet and Alfredo Cervantes, took a private contract to assassinate Jake Floyd, a District Judge in Alice, Texas, and a bitter enemy of <a href="http://www.caller.com/news/2011/sep/07/george-parr-inherited-his-fathers-political/?print=1">George Parr of Duval County</a>. These men were allowed to take such private employment but [the FBI's] Division Five never knew anything concerning such unauthorized killings. <br /><br />At about dusk on September 8, 1952, Sapet and Cervantes positioned themselves in a field adjacent to the rear of Floyd's house and when Buddy Floyd, Jake's 19 year old son, who resembled his father, started out of the house to the garage, Cervantes mistakenly shot Buddy through the head, killing him. Cervantes, Sapet and <a href="http://hobrad.angelfire.com/osborne.html">Nago Alaniz</a>, George Parr's personal lawyer, were indicted for the assassination and for conspiracy to murder. Sapet was caught before he could cross the Mexican border and was given a 99 year sentence. Cervantes crossed back into Mexico where he found his Division Five assassination group, and, although Mexican authorities arrested him, political pressure was brought to bear and Alfredo has remained a free man in Mexico despite sixteen years of constant effort to extradite him by <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19550813&id=bltTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XYUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4771,2011592">Sam Burris</a>, the Alice District Attorney. Burris and Bill Allcorn, Special Assistant Attorney General of Texas, were unable to convict Nago Alaniz, but one of the conspirators gave Bill Allcorn pertinent information. The accomplice told Allcorn that there were twenty-five to thirty professional assassins kept in Mexico by the espionage section of the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation; that these men were used to commit political assassinations all over North, South and Central America, the East European countries and in Russia; that these men were the absolute world's most accurate riflemen; they they sometimes took private contracts to kill in the United States; that the contact man for employment of the riflemen was a man named Bowen posing as an American Council of Christian Churches' missionary in Mexico; that you could reach Bowen through the owner of the St. Anthony's Hotel in Laredo, Texas.<br /><br />Albert Alexander Osborne, alias <a href="http://hobrad.angelfire.com/osborne.html">John Howard Bowen</a>, alias J.H. Owen, a charter member and employee of the A.C.C.C. [American Council of Christian Churches], met Lee Harvey Oswald and accompanied him to Mexico City in late September of 1963. Osborne or Bowen in 1942 organized and operated a Nazi black shirt group called the <a href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh25/pdf/WH25_CE_2195.pdf">"Campfire Council"</a> in the country near Knoxville, Tennessee. The "Campfire Council" was sponsored by the espionage cover group, the "American Council of Christian Churches." Osborne so vehemently opposed the United States war with Nazi Germany that during 1942, he tore down an American flag and stomped it into the ground. The neighbors complained of the pro-Nazi activities of Bowen and his young Fascists even though the rural area in Tennessee where they were located was very sparsely populated. More than six witnesses on the bus trip from Laredo to Mexico City placed Osborne with Lee Oswald in his company as a definite traveling companion. The two stayed together during the entire trip and sat together on the bus. <br /><br />On February 8, l964, Osborne was interviewed by the FBI and lied to them about his name among other things. He gave them the name John Howard Bowen and gave them the following statement: Bowen advised that he has been in the Russellville, Alabama area, speaking at various rural Baptist Churches, and has been residing at the residence of Wylie Uptain, Rural Route, Russellville, Alabama. He stated that he intended leaving the Russellville, Alabama area, February 11, 1964, enroute back to Laredo, Texas by way of New Orleans, Louisiana.<br /><br />Bowen stated to the best of his knowledge he was born at Chester, Pennsylvania on January 12, 1885, and his father's name was James A. Bowen, and his mother was Emily Bowen. He did not know his parents, but he was reared in an orphanage in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His grandmother, Sarah Hall, participated to a limited extent in giving him guidance and shelter during the early years of his life. His grandmother and relatives are all deceased, and he has no known relatives of any kind. . . . Bowen stated he considers himself an itinerant gardener and preacher. He was formerly a member of the First Baptist Church at Knoxville, Tennessee, and more recently was a member of the First Baptist Church at Laredo, Texas. He has visited and worshiped at the latter church intermittently for the past twenty years. . . . He considers his home to be the St. Anthony Hotel, Laredo, Texas, and he is well known there by the manager, Oscar Ferrina. He has been residing at the hotel intermittently for the past twenty years, and has made trips to Mexico for the past twenty years as an itinerant preacher. . . . </span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #666666;">On February 20, 1964, Osborne was interviewed by FBI agents in Laredo, Texas and repeated the falsehoods told in the earlier statement. Then on March 5, 1964, he told FBI agents at Nashville, Tennessee the amazing story which follows. Please remember that this is the man who was such a dedicated Nazi that during World War II, he tore down the American flag and stomped it into the ground in protest against the United States war with Hitler's Nazi Germany. A part of the amazing statement follows:</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #660000;">Albert Osborne, whose permanent address is 920 Salinas, Box 308, Laredo, Texas, was interviewed at his temporary place of residence at the Central YMCA, Nashville, Tennessee, where is registered under the name of John H. Bowen. (Box 308 is the address of the St. Anthony Hotel in Laredo).<br /><br />At the outset of the interview, Osborne denied his true identity and claimed that his name was John H. Bowen; however he later admitted that his correct name is Albert Osborne and he furnished the following background information concerning himself. Osborne indicated that he was born November 12, 1888 at Grimsby, England, to James Osborne and Emile Cole Osborne, both of whom are deceased. He identified his brothers as Walter Osborne, Grimsby, England; Arthur Osborne, Grimsby, England; William Osborne, deceased, and Frank Osborne, deceased. . . . .<br /><br /> Osborne admitted that he had been untruthful in three previous interviews concerning his own identity and had furnished false information concerning John H. Bowen, whom he had previously indicated was an acquaintance for whom he, Osborne, had been frequently mistaken. . . . . Osborne was advised that his photograph had been positively identified by other English speaking people on the Red Arrow Bus from Laredo, Texas to Mexico City on September 26, 27, 1963. Osborne again denied that he was on a bus with any other English speaking people and that he himself spoke no English to anyone on the bus.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Osborne's associates said he had lived in Central Mexico since about 1942. One close associate said Osborne had a mission in Texmelucan, State of Puebla, Mexico, and "his mission consisted have no home or ties." Rev. Walter Laddie Hluchan of Eagle Pass, Texas, [see newspaper excerpt, right] said, "Osborne has for many years given religious instruction to Mexican boys who resided at his residence." Oscar Ferrino, owner of the St. Anthony Hotel, Laredo, Texas, said Osborne "is operating a school for approximately 25 to 30 boys" in Pueblo, Mexico. Ferrino has known and taken mail and messages for Osborne since 1942. When not in Mexico supervising his "missionaries," Osborne traveled regularly to Austin, Dallas and Tyler, Texas. In Dallas he visited one Cortez and H.L. Hunt. Cortez was reported to be one of the assassins in the 26 volumes published by the Warren Commission. The same volumes connect a Saunders from Tyler Texas in the plot with Cortez.<br /><br />Albert Osborne was in Clay Shaw's office at 124 Camp Street, New Orleans on October 10, 1963. [Note: This is the same day the alarm would have gone off about Lee Oswald's contacts with the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City, had not the FLASH being discontinued by the FBI agent, W. Marvin Gheesling.] <br /><br />Later the same day he was in the office of Maurice Brooks Gatlin, the FBI transporter and Guy Bannister, the FBI Section Five Southern Manager, at their office at 544 Camp Street, New Orleans. From there, Osborne went directly into Mexico City where on the 17th or 18th of September, 1963, he was [had previously been?] seen by a Mexican detective with the man posing as Oswald. A Cuban Negro delivered a large sum of money to the man posing as Oswald as a partial payment for his part in the assassination. Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen, was discovered to have another person working with him who also used the alias John Howard Bowen. The second person also travelling as Bowen was Fred Lee Chrismon [sic; Crisman], another agent for the munitions makers police agency, the Defense Industrial Security Command. <br /><br />Chrismon [sic] also posed as a missionary and also used other aliases. Among the cognomens for Chrismon [sic] were Fred Lee, Jon Gould and Jon Gold. Osborne and Chrismon [sic] also bore a marked resemblance and appeared to be about the same age. Chrismon [sic] was a Syrian immigrant and had been closely associated with Osborne since the 1920's. Chrismon [sic], Osborne and their riflemen charges in Mexico were based at Clint Murchison's huge ranch when not posing as missionaries in other areas of Mexico.</span></span></blockquote>
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In addition to the misspelling of Crisman's name, the so-called Torbitt Document above also was incorrect in stating that he was a Syrian immigrant. Frederick Lee Crisman was born in Tacoma, Washington, and both his father (a WWI veteran) and mother (the former Eva Pitcher) were born in Iowa. His paternal grandfather, Frederick M. Crisman was born in Pennsylvania in 1849. </div>
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While residing in Laredo, John Howard Bowen, was reported in 1944 to be organizing the "Campfire Baseball League" comprised of players ages 16 and under. Bowen urged "captains, coaches and managers" to attend a meeting "between the Red Cross building and the Colonial Hotel on Hidalgo Street." </div>
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More than a year later, the following item appeared in that same paper:</div>
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<b>Missionary Returns</b></div>
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<span style="color: #666666;">John Howard Bowen has returned after a several weeks visit to cities in the north and east. While away he enjoyed his favorite sport of skiing. He was a former missionary in India and Arabia, and while away visited in New York, Washington, D. C., Nashville, and the estwhile [sic] "Secret City" Oak Ridge Tenn. He spoke in the chapel at Oak Ridge where 75,000 families are housed, as well in other cities he visited. [Laredo Times, Jan. 31, 1946]</span></blockquote>
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A few weeks after his return, on Feb. 17, 1946, the following letter appeared on the editorial page of the <i>Laredo Times</i>:</div>
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<b>The Editor<br />Laredo Times</b><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />I have travelled around the world twice. I have crossed the seas on North German Lloyds, Orient Lines, P and O Steamers, Cunard Lines and the French Lines. I have rode in all manners of vehicles, house-boats, sampans, junks, and canoes. I have travelled in all kinds of wheels vehicles tongas, ekkas, drokas, bashes, wheelbarrows and jinrikhas. The jinrikisha, is a large baby carriage which is pulled by a man. Its name means "manpulled-car" hence, it is the original pullman car. I have travelled, on elephants, buffaloes, camels, Mexican burros, mules, horses and afoot. I have swam the rivers Jordon, in Palestine, Ganges, in India, Nile, in Egypt, and the Congo, in Africa, as well as the rivers of America. I have walked with pilgrims on the road to the holy city of Benares, in India, with the Sikhs to the Golden Temple, with Mohammedans on the trackless wastes r of the Arabian desert to Mecca, and the Blue Mosque, in Cairo, in Egypt, and accompanied David Solemon Cohen, the Clerk of the City of Jerusalem, to the Temple there. I have taught school in India, Arabia, and Africa, and in all my observations and travels, I have never seen a better spirit of cooperation and brotherhood, than was manifested at the Brotherhood banquet at the Plaza Hotel on Friday night.<br /><br />Here ten Protestant congregations, and two Jewish congregations gathered in the finest spirit of brotherhood, and it is indeed a credit to the City of Laredo, to have religious leaders who believe like the great Jewish Apostle to the Gentiles, that "From one forefather He (God) has created every nation of mankind, and made them live on the face of the earth". There can be no longer any desert solitudes. The races have become people. <br /><br /><br />"The blood of the people! Changeless tide<br />Through century, creed and race<br />Stilll one, as the sweet salt sea is one<br />Though tempered by sun and place<br />"One love, one hope, one duty theirs!<br />No matter the time or kin.<br />There is no separate heart-beat<br />In all the races of men."</span></span></blockquote>
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<b>John Howard Bowen </b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Box 635 Laredo, Texas </span></b> </blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCH4HSlyEgpCVymnbAbwAX_NPvApneCzClqKeZDhHsfE63th-N5Fo5PTj_mQ1c-jdCcIMFuP8oz5tmC7X7yT1yme5mIUlGzBnyAu5HpiD_ys-fm-WM_DNH-wuJYC97hr46C2qRV-X3sJdN/s1600/Bowen+poem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCH4HSlyEgpCVymnbAbwAX_NPvApneCzClqKeZDhHsfE63th-N5Fo5PTj_mQ1c-jdCcIMFuP8oz5tmC7X7yT1yme5mIUlGzBnyAu5HpiD_ys-fm-WM_DNH-wuJYC97hr46C2qRV-X3sJdN/s400/Bowen+poem.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8KXpD6FEgx0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+World+Service+of+the+Methodist+Episcopal+Church++By+Ralph+E.+Diffendorfer&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iipYT62hNcL6ggfBi63GDA&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Poem</a> from World Service of the Methodist Episcopal Church</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #666666;"><b>THE DAILY GLEANER, Kingston, Jamaica - December 14, 1949</b><br /><br />Mr. William G. (Bill) Gaudet, head of Latin American Reports, Inc. in New Orleans, arrived in the island on Friday afternoon last on the first leg of a complete Latin American tour. He left on Saturday afternoon for Port au Prince, Haiti.</span></blockquote>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bill Gaudet of <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7n_sF3PSvSAC&pg=PA164&dq=william+g.+gaudet+latin+american+report&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ki9YT8zaC4nqgQeIwN3cDA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=william%20g.%20gaudet%20latin%20american%20report&f=false" target="_blank"><i>The Latin American Report</i></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><br /><b>January 24, 1967<br /><br />Credit U.S. Diplomats With<br />Ending Nicaraguan Uprising</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #666666;">MANAGUA, Nicaragua (AP)—U S. diplomats were credited today with ending a 20-hour uprising against the Nicaraguan government, an uprising that killed 21 and wounded more than 100 Nicaraguans. Through U.S. Embassy mediation, the rebellion ended Monday night when the rebels freed 117 foreign hostages, including 89 North Americans held in the Grand Hotel, which had been turned into a fortress. The rebels surrendered their arms and were allowed to go free.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><b>Waved Bedsheet</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #666666;">The American role was dramatized when Bill Gaudet, publisher of a New Orleans monthly, the <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ABZXAAAAMAAJ&q=william+g.+gaudet#search_anchor">Latin American Report</a>, followed by two American nuns ran out of the hotel waving a bedsheet as a white flag. The nuns were Jeanne Dienan of St. Paul, Minn., and Mary Martha Meyer of Los Angeles of the Sisters of St. Joseph, who were attending a nurses' convention. Gaudet said he told rebel leaders in the hotel he was going out to try to get the shooting stopped, then grabbed the sheet and yelled: "Who will go with me?" The nuns volunteered, and the three made a dash to a corner where there were National Guard officers. </span></blockquote>
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<b><span style="color: #666666;">Taken to Embassy</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #666666;">After Gaudet asked the guards to hold their fire he and the nuns were taken to the U.S. Embassy. The rebels against the Somoza family, which has ruled Nicaragua for more than 30 years, had holed up in the hotel. National Guardsmen with tanks surrounded the hotel while insurgent leaders negotiated with representatives of President Lorenzo Guerrero in the presence of U.S. diplomats. A cheer went up from a crowd outside as the first U.S. hostages emerged from the hotel. They included uniformed but unarmed members of the U.S. military mission. An American flag appeared over the second-floor balcony.</span><br /><span style="color: #666666;"></span><span style="color: #666666;">The hostages included a number of North American tourists and businessmen staying at the hotel. They were given shelter in the homes of U.S. diplomats and U.S. residents in Managua. Inside the hotel, soldiers sorted out a small arsenal of rebel weapons, including 10 rifles and 25 pistols of ancient make, a quantity of ammunition, knives and saws.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #666666;"> </span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The short-lived revolt erupted Sunday after a political rally conducted by Fernando Aguero,</span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Conservative party candidate for president against Gen Anastasio Somoza Jr., standardbearer of the Liberal party and an heir to Latin America's oldest political dynasty.</span></span></div>
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The "Latin American Report" was allegedly published by Citizens Committee for a Free Cuba Inc., of Washington, D.C., and Miami, Fla. Bill Gaudet, from New Orleans and a graduate of Tulane, had been a journalist for several years prior to WWII for the International News Service when his name began to appear in connection with the monthly paper. Paul Bethel, an attache in Havana for three years before Castro's takeover, ran the Citizens Committee for a Free Cuba and had some involvement in the Latin American Report in the 1960s.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-24777222453878530582016-03-15T12:57:00.000-05:002016-06-09T10:24:16.556-05:00The Presidents Bush: Walker Genealogy Part IV<br />
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<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Part I</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy_30.html" target="_blank">Part II</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Part III </a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMXzFbd2h-4U8-dlOQCk0HuOkTWSac6XwKKeC-EI_3WnmwqyUFUl9RIVlW6gJSvc0YWFu3AVyqqFm86gxYWTntiKTJ9tdXtMCjYl9Sw3rgulibelkWVYXomxGRNjB7YYRynG7rBfl8gVn/s1600/explosion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMXzFbd2h-4U8-dlOQCk0HuOkTWSac6XwKKeC-EI_3WnmwqyUFUl9RIVlW6gJSvc0YWFu3AVyqqFm86gxYWTntiKTJ9tdXtMCjYl9Sw3rgulibelkWVYXomxGRNjB7YYRynG7rBfl8gVn/s200/explosion.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Death of Joseph Beakey, 1858</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Initially
setting out to explore the family of the woman who became the wife of
David Davis Walker, I happened upon a genealogical study
published in 1903 by two women, each of whom was a society editor of a
different </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">St. Louis </span>newspaper. When looking deeper into the background of
these editors, it became apparent that each had her own connection to members of St. Louis' elite society, whom they dubbed </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/n10/mode/1up"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">"Americans
of Gentle Birth.</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">" </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">One of those families was D.D. and Martha Walker. Mrs. D.D. (Martha Beakey) Walker's ancestors were traced in that
book to Pilgrim forefathers through her mother, Mary
Ann Bangs Beakey, who became David Davis Walker's
mother-in-law in 1862, four years after her husband died on the <i>Minnehaha</i>
riverboat explosion.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mary Ann's father, </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">according to his brother, Methodist minister </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Bangs"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Nathan Bangs</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">,
D.D., </span></span> had been born in Stratford, Connecticut in
1781, descended from </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=R88_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA15"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Edward
Bangs</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a Pilgrim, who arrived in Plymouth colony in 1623
on the third ship to arrive there. Their father Lemuel Bangs was a schoolteacher
and land surveyor who grew up near in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, married </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=R88_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA17"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Rebecca
Keeler of Connecticut</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> and with her raised nine children. Lemuel moved
his family to Fairfield, Connecticut, around 1782, and from there, in 1791, to
what would later be known as Stamford, Delaware County, New York, before moving
farther north to New Brunswick, Canada.</span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXhnNVmoa_UO71_zj64wiUAF4j_TcaBgy9DMIO3OWEn2IDH9oe9U84YU-BhpFIZ_utbSBuY2xwrcm1u2mKlY1eRI-6dw3DowS0V9vabSZJmUnPStZ05vLWcoJPQ3GerMG3fJvz2yd6-YAp/s1600/Nathan_Bangs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXhnNVmoa_UO71_zj64wiUAF4j_TcaBgy9DMIO3OWEn2IDH9oe9U84YU-BhpFIZ_utbSBuY2xwrcm1u2mKlY1eRI-6dw3DowS0V9vabSZJmUnPStZ05vLWcoJPQ3GerMG3fJvz2yd6-YAp/s1600/Nathan_Bangs.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nathan Bangs, uncle</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lemuel had given up his Puritan upbringing in favor
of the Episcopal Church, but all of the children with the exception of Mary
Ann's father, Elijah Bangs, adopted the Methodist faith. Elijah had left home at age
sixteen to go to sea, around 1797, shortly before his family moved to Canada.
Elijah shipped out from Philadelphia, and he eventually rose to command
ships in the East Indies trade before and after the War of 1812. His story was
reported to his brother </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=R88_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA310"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Nathan,
who visited him</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> for the first time fifteen years after Elijah had
left home. </span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Elijah's marriage to Esther Stackhouse in 1807
ended with her death in Philadelphia in 1819, leaving several minor children,
including Mary Ann Bangs, who was only two years old when her mother died. The
eldest child, Henry, born in France in 1808, would have been only eleven at
that time. Rev. Nathan Bangs, who saw Elijah in 1811, wrote in his journal that
his brother had been detained by French under Napoleon's 1807 </span><a href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/france/decrees/c_decrees16.html"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Milan
decree</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, for trading wines from Bordeaux with the British,
thus earning imprisonment for two years in Dunkirk, in northern France, for
himself and his wife who gave birth to Henry there. Following their release
from the French prison, Elijah was again captured while engaging in the same
trade, but this time by the British, </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=X5dQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA239"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in
1811</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.<b><span style="color: #990000;">[1]</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Historical records compiled by genealogists confirm
that Captain Bangs continued going away to sea, traveling as far afield as
Amsterdam, where his ship was </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=X5dQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA239"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">wrecked
in 1820</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">. A year later he was in Puerto Rico and in Brazil
in 1826. Esther had returned after from her French imprisonment to
Philadelphia, where she died in 1819. Nathan Bangs' writings intimate that he
kept in contact with Elijah, though Nathan did not reveal what became of the
young children "</span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=R88_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA311"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">left
motherless</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">" upon Esther's death. Who took care of Mary
Ann and her siblings? With whom was Mary Ann living when she met Joseph Beakey
shortly before their</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=X5dQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA652"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
marriage</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in Philadelphia in 1840?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In </span><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Part
III</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, we concluded there may have been a close
connection with Esther's brother, Powell Stackhouse, who manufactured metal
stoves, since Joseph had left his home in Emmitsburg, Maryland, in order to
learn that same trade. The couple were possibly introduced to each other there.
Although the Stackhouse family had long been Quakers, even tracing their
immigration to America back to the days when William Penn arrived, Mary Ann,
whose mother had been a Quaker who married outside her family's faith, had no
strong attachment to any church, and she married Joseph Ambrose Beakey, a
German Catholic, in the St. Augustine Catholic Church in Philadelphia. They
returned to live in Emmitsburg for the next eight years before relocating to
St. Louis.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mary Ann's elder sister, Rebecca, in 1830 had </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3kc2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1623"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">married
Anson Steel</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in Philadelphia, rearing possibly as many as
sixteen children! But she still had room to take her father in to live with her
until his death. The 1850 census indicates the Steels (with 9 children from
ages 5-19 still at home) lived in Camden, N.J., that year, with Elijah Bangs,
then 72 years old, making his home with them. Mary Ann Bangs Beakey had by then
moved west with her new family to St. Louis.</span><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></i></b><br />
<br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Of
Papists</span></i></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVb7FMWq0L1fQYKu_lOJXRojo23XYz0prD88ve6y8s62q4MRZ8fVOl1SiKWyltF1BQnFWNhjni5igIPYfXJYOmqCbJ4A9H-T4voIXa41ddOIEk9QENegjIc3r9dINjTNSTuVCP2qGMeIJI/s1600/Martha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVb7FMWq0L1fQYKu_lOJXRojo23XYz0prD88ve6y8s62q4MRZ8fVOl1SiKWyltF1BQnFWNhjni5igIPYfXJYOmqCbJ4A9H-T4voIXa41ddOIEk9QENegjIc3r9dINjTNSTuVCP2qGMeIJI/s200/Martha.jpg" width="131" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">There was, however, a much greater influence on
Martha's life from her father's German Catholic roots, shown in </span><a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Part
III</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, than from the Pilgrim ancestors from which she
stemmed.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Martha's father had brought his family to St. Louis
from Emmitsburg in 1848 when she was seven. David Davis Walker arrived in town
in 1857, met Martha, and married her in 1862. Both Catholics, they most likely
met at a church gathering. The couple began raising their own family in St.
Louis in the midst of the civil war, while D.D., as he was always known,
"</span><a href="http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/St_Louis_the_Fourth_City_1764-1911_v2_1000551465/333"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">won
his way, grade by grade, to a junior partnership</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">"
at Crow, McCreery dry goods company.<b><span style="color: #990000;">[2]</span></b></span><i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></b></i><br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Jesuit Training of the Walker Boys</span></b></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Their firstborn, a son named Joseph Sidney (or
Sydney) Walker, was born in 1863, followed closely by another son,</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> named for one of D.
D.'s partners in the dry goods business, </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=lIk6AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1301"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">William
Hargadine</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Walker, who as a child was called Willy.</span> </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1876, w</span></span>hen Sidney was 13 and Willy 12, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">they were listed under their full names</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">as students at </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofsaint18stlo_0#page/n85/mode/2up/search/walker"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Saint
Louis University</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a </span><a href="http://everything.explained.today/Saint_Louis_University/"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">private
Jesuit college</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> founded by the same priests </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">who had set up the Jesuit
school </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in
Emmittsburg, Maryland, </span>which their grandfathers, George E. Walker and Joseph Beakey, had attended.<span style="color: #990000;">[3]</span> The third son, </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofsaint18stlo_0#page/58/mode/2up/search/walker"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">David
D. Walker</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, Jr., born in 1870, was enrolled there during the 1882-83 term. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">D.D. Walker, Sr. was a member of the university's board of trustees for many years.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Sidney's name appeared </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in the Catalogue </span>numerous times for accolades, often on the same page as another St. Louis lad <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uG0UAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA37" target="_blank">born in 1865</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_R._Stettinius" target="_blank">Edward Reilly Stettinius</a>, a junior student during the same year as <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=WQNHAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.RA1-PA33" target="_blank">J. Sydney Walker</a>. Both boys were distinguished in Greek, Latin and English, while "Sydney" also excelled in math and history as well. Stettinius would later become </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">president of the notorious Diamond Match Company, a director of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uG0UAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA39" target="_blank">Morgan banking</a> company, and</span> <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uG0UAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA41" target="_blank">in 1918</a> <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uG0UAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA36" target="_blank">assistant secretary of war</a>. He died in Locust Valley, NY, in <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bykt2zCHeGHeVnQ0Y0NlM0lKcHc" target="_blank">1925</a>, ten years after the state's census showed William H. Walker living in that same area of Long Island. E. R. Stettinius Jr. was destined to become Secretary of State in the Franklin Roosevelt and Truman administrations while his sister, <a href="http://michaelmanninginterview.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-pan-ams-ed-trippe.html" target="_blank">Betty</a>, in 1928 married <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2014/09/bebes-girl-clare-gunn-rebozo-babcock.html" target="_blank">Juan T. Trippe</a> (Yale 1922) of Pan American Airways. This couple would become very close to the Prescott Bush family in Greenwich, Connecticut, where Edward Jr. died at the age of 49, but that investigation is for another post.</span><i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></b></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Walker Children and Their Marriages</span></b></i></span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">1.</span><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <u>J. Sidney Walker</u>. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzv4RtcKUMUpfeOmjnezshBsUCWRBbrEpTnk33n8pxa4URG6x1c3hSI2QhZjBCMoM_eM-GLgbq9ZflSG_8vfq0H-jD8xXCg85kABABf2bSKiCj3npoX3taRFlZ7J93VEK7G3O0dAgijWTK/s1600/Gibson+Man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzv4RtcKUMUpfeOmjnezshBsUCWRBbrEpTnk33n8pxa4URG6x1c3hSI2QhZjBCMoM_eM-GLgbq9ZflSG_8vfq0H-jD8xXCg85kABABf2bSKiCj3npoX3taRFlZ7J93VEK7G3O0dAgijWTK/s200/Gibson+Man.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gibson Man</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">When Sidney's engagement to </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/n333/mode/2up/search/walker"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Katherine
(Kate) Mudd</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, was announced in July 1898, it was news to no one. The two had been an item for some time. Described as "the <a href="http://www.illustration-art-solutions.com/charles-dana-gibson.html" target="_blank">Gibson man</a> of St. Louis," Sidney epitomized </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span id="blobsComponentWrapper">the handsome, adventuresome, and debonaire, albeit somewhat confused, man in cartoons of Charles Dana Gibson of that day. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Kate's father, </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sy1IAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1580" target="_blank"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Dr. Henry Hodgen Mudd</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
(see page <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sy1IAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1581" target="_blank">1581</a>) was not only a surgeon but, as a nephew of one of St.
Louis' most eminent medical practitioners, he was employed as a
professor at
Washington University's medical school. Kate's brother, John Hodgen Mudd, was the same age as Sidney's younger brother, Bert, and like him studied law at Washington University in St. Louis. Although Bert would enter business and finance after graduation, John practiced law. Kate's sister, Edith Mudd, married <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=44226722" target="_blank">Isaac Cook, Jr.</a>, a Harvard graduate who drowned at their summer home <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oP5BAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=Isaac+Cooke+Jr.+%22edith+mudd%22&source=bl&ots=Z44GwUFqoe&sig=pZw2LM5MV7iu9dEu4e4nEwwXHXM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJ77be_8LLAhXKKCYKHXffCLUQ6AEIKDAC#v=onepage&q=%22edith%20mudd%22&f=false" target="_blank">Linkside</a>, in Biddeford Pool, Maine in 1926.</span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Sidney was also considered a great horseman, having played on the first polo team established after the <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=crUNAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA1958" target="_blank">St. Louis Country Club</a> was organized in 1892. <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=EihMAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA279" target="_blank">John F. Shepley</a> (Yale 1880) and A.L. Shapleigh played on that team with him. There was even a horse with his name which ran at the St. Louis Fair Grounds track. Sidney died in St. Louis in 1912
at the age of 49. According to the December 8, 1912 St. Louis
Post-Dispatch:</span><span style="color: #444444;"> </span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="color: #444444;">A
cold,
caught
by
exposure
after
a
tennis
match,
proved
fatal
yesterday
to
J.
Sidney
Walker,
secretary
of
the
Ely
&
Walker
Dry
Goods
Co.
and
a
director
of
the
Mercantile
Trust
Co.
He
died
at
his
home at
Hortense
place,
from
the
bursting
of
a
blood
vessel in
his
lungs,
caused
by
violent
coughing.
The
funeral
will
be
held
from
the
residence
at
1
p.
m.
tomorrow,
and
will
be
conducted
by
the
Rev.
Father
O'Connor
of
the
New
Cathedral
Chapel.
Walker,
who
was
49
years
old,
was
an
adept
at
tennis.
Wednesday
afternoon
he
played in
a
hard-contested
match
at
the
Country
Club,
and
while
perspiring
from
his
exertion,
neglected
the
customary
rubdown
and
change
of
clothing,
and
sat in
the
clubhouse
in
his
tennis
flannels.
Exposure
then,
or
during
his ride
back
to
the
city.
caused
a
cold.
<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=LdlXAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA319" target="_blank">Dr. W.E. Fischel</a>
visited
the
Walker
home
Thursday
and
Friday,
and
made
another
visit
yesterday
morning.
He
believed
at
that
time
that
the
danger
of
pneumonia
had
passed.
A
short
time
after
the
physician's
departure,
Mrs.
Walker
heard
her
husband
coughing
violently,
and
entering
the
room,
saw
him
fall
back
on
the
pillow,
dead.
Walker
was
the
eldest
of
five
sons
of
D. D.
Walker,
founder
of
the
Ely &
Walker
firm.
His
brother
Theodore
(Ted)
Walker
was
accidentally
killed
a
few
years
ago
by
the
explosion
of
a
gasoline
engine
on
his
country
place
near
Clarksville,
Mo.
The
surviving
brothers
are
G.
Herbert
Walker,
broker;
D.
D.
Walker
Jr.,
first
vice-president
of
Ely
&
Walker,
and
William
H.
Walker.
Missouri's
national
committeeman
of
the
Progressive
party.
Mrs
Walker
was
Miss
Katherine
Mudd
before
their
marriage
in
1898.
Walker
was
a
member
of
the
St.
Louis.
Noonday,
Country
and
Racquet
clubs.</span> </span></blockquote>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">2. <u><i>William Hargadine Walker</i></u>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJDAHT08X6F_CeqAajOZumMOzf7Uly26lcay1RS1PuV5dnqsOoqlvSCsPowxFvPgitw03RmZtAzm-OGwu-DXbysMwO-iMNhWS9Ui817Xjf9AaTkVeKHA_JfqmZoAeXnUE1hZGgXy_4D6YN/s1600/William+Hargadine+Walker_succeeds+father_1902.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJDAHT08X6F_CeqAajOZumMOzf7Uly26lcay1RS1PuV5dnqsOoqlvSCsPowxFvPgitw03RmZtAzm-OGwu-DXbysMwO-iMNhWS9Ui817Xjf9AaTkVeKHA_JfqmZoAeXnUE1hZGgXy_4D6YN/s320/William+Hargadine+Walker_succeeds+father_1902.jpg" width="247" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1891 William H. married Elise Papin, a descendant of
both the Laclede and Chouteu families who had founded St. Louis in about 1762.<b><span style="color: #990000;">[4]</span></b> He entered Ely & Walker Dry Goods, becoming its president in 1902 upon his father's retirement. </span></div>
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<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Between 1910 and 1915 William also retired from
Ely & Walker and moved with Elise to a large home on </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Feeks
Lane</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> at Locust Valley, Long Island, New York, next to "Birchwood," </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">one of several homes owned by Anson Wood Burchard, president of General Electric.<span style="color: #990000;"><b>[5]</b></span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">One of William and Elise's two daughters, </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/198/mode/2up"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Marie
Adelaide</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, after marrying </span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=47586495&ref=acom"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Daniel
Casey Nugent</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
(Harvard 1911), son of a St. Louis retail dry
goods merchant, moved to the Upper East Side in Manhattan, as did her
mother, Elise Walker (separated from her husband by 1924 and divorced by
1930), while William moved to Santa
Barbara, California. He later married Gladys and died in Montecito near
Santa Barbara in 1935.</span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">3. <u><i>Rose Marion Walker Pittman</i></u>. </span><br />
The third Walker child, born 1867, was a daughter, Rose Marion, dubbed Maysie (though often spelled as either Mazie, Maizie or Maisie), who married Asa Pittman, son of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/notablewomenofst00john#page/n275/mode/2up">Mrs. H. D. Pittman</a>, the society reporter for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch mentioned in footnote 1.</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh64OnwYPIAszuHquciv0y8f_AHlnrB0u-7SoFup1cFbSdy2RAXzx3rXYUg-CLXngYkDA763pbt_QhzpGwhivuMDWSTmLNA1YX_u0T_pxbJimR6z-B2BjaaPv_uJJniuIPaqGlufe7ehYjU/s1600/Walkers_Pittman_Point+Vesuvius_1910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh64OnwYPIAszuHquciv0y8f_AHlnrB0u-7SoFup1cFbSdy2RAXzx3rXYUg-CLXngYkDA763pbt_QhzpGwhivuMDWSTmLNA1YX_u0T_pxbJimR6z-B2BjaaPv_uJJniuIPaqGlufe7ehYjU/s320/Walkers_Pittman_Point+Vesuvius_1910.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maysie's daughter, Martha Pittman</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
Maysie died in 1896, followed three years later by Asa, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/notablewomenofst00john#page/186/mode/2up/search/pittman">leaving their minor daughter</a>,
Martha (named for her grandmother), an orphan at the age of seven, to
be reared by her maternal grandparents, who sent her to a Catholic convent in Paris for a time. She returned for holidays to
Kennebunkport, Maine, as shown in a 1910
news item (inset right) written when Martha was 18 years old. Point
Vesuvius, mentioned in the news clip, was the peninsula formerly called
Damon Park renamed Walker's Point. Before
acquiring the land in 1902, the Walkers had a cottage no later than 1884. We will
discuss more about that Maine location below.</div>
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<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">4. <u><i>David Davis Walker, Jr</i></u>.</span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">When Maysie was almost three years old, her third brother, David Davis, Jr., </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was born </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in
1870. Like his two older brothers, David also attended what we now call
middle school at Saint Louis University. Prior to that time,
however, it appears that their father was working long hours building up
his name in the dry goods business. James Cox wrote in </span><span class="doc-name"><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZtEyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA196" target="_blank"><i>Old and New St. Louis: A Concise History of the Metropolis of the West and Southwest</i></a> (1894):</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span class="doc-name"><span class="doc-name"><span style="color: #444444;"><span class="doc-name">his
ambition to succeed had impelled him to try his powers beyond their
limits and because of this he was compelled, by 1878, to withdraw from
the partnership. Then for the next two years he gave himself up to rest
and the recovery of his health, returning to St. Louis in 1880.</span></span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAY1h34SgKKlg-QeftX5_VJMOWVQV-FTX15BMYBhygiXZbuj-VYi7BI-xAvsg4QzwEHP3mzsd7HmnK6VYcqVDjDIbVF4UbuuhPvwjoDGebJO9WrVFwUq2xaOmgxtOx3pZfiXsqD8SvZQ9I/s1600/53+Vandeventer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAY1h34SgKKlg-QeftX5_VJMOWVQV-FTX15BMYBhygiXZbuj-VYi7BI-xAvsg4QzwEHP3mzsd7HmnK6VYcqVDjDIbVF4UbuuhPvwjoDGebJO9WrVFwUq2xaOmgxtOx3pZfiXsqD8SvZQ9I/s200/53+Vandeventer.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">53 Vandeventer Place - Walker home</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unfortunately, Cox does not tell us where the family went during those
two years, but he does reveal that, by 1894, the date of publication, the Walkers had added <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZtEyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA197">two more sons</a> to the family: George Herbert (Bert), born in 1875; and James Theodore (Ted) in 1877.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">David D. Jr., born in 1870, also like his two older
brothers, became an executive at
the dry goods company. Single until </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">the age of 30,</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> he lived with his
parents </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">at </span></span></span>at 53 Vandeventer Place, near the western end of the
Catholic campus. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Today the site of their home is part of the grounds of Saint Louis University, but when first developed, <a href="http://stlouispatina.com/vandeventer-place-revisited/" target="_blank">Vandeventer Avenue's</a>
"mansions were built on a scale never before seen in St. Louis, and it
took the private place concept many steps beyond Lucas and Benton
[Places]."<span style="color: #990000;"><b>[6]</b></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BXAA8HcJVFrPAMoHFiBqOo4j1nVCMZ8NMahTSrMZY_etZkfclm4d3iOS-ePH-_GwEIca28reVJCoYuLRllmokLwUR2D5ja0uYu6TbCkrbZPAA_grWBHkxKB3_6-D1hCcHvEk2cnNUaXw/s1600/Westmoreland_gate.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BXAA8HcJVFrPAMoHFiBqOo4j1nVCMZ8NMahTSrMZY_etZkfclm4d3iOS-ePH-_GwEIca28reVJCoYuLRllmokLwUR2D5ja0uYu6TbCkrbZPAA_grWBHkxKB3_6-D1hCcHvEk2cnNUaXw/s200/Westmoreland_gate.JPG" width="200" /></a>By 1900, however, Vandeventer was already bustling and noisy, and St. Louis' upper-class families had begun relocating to Westmoreland and Portland Places, closing off the private streets behind massive gates and walls. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Late
in 1900 David married a girl named Louise Filley, a member of one of St.
Louis' oldest families, to be more fully described in a blog post to follow this one. </span></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">5. <u><i>G. Herbert "Bert" Walker</i></u>.</span></span></div>
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</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvhdMej7FpQuEJLd6YCPfosjsADsHEzgLSlsSjvAeUD_vZs8iCzuLxx8U_VgiSWT_DIle4iSWjWlXpfOhmrXAu1iwOEFv1PjRu4201gRulX6ctVMcBBJlAx80qs-f0cP-ZU6T5ja8-H0i_/s1600/the-jesuit-college-stonyhurst-lancashire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvhdMej7FpQuEJLd6YCPfosjsADsHEzgLSlsSjvAeUD_vZs8iCzuLxx8U_VgiSWT_DIle4iSWjWlXpfOhmrXAu1iwOEFv1PjRu4201gRulX6ctVMcBBJlAx80qs-f0cP-ZU6T5ja8-H0i_/s200/the-jesuit-college-stonyhurst-lancashire.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Stonyhurst College in England</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">When the fourth son, George Herbert
"Bert" Walker, reached the age of seventeen in 1892, instead of taking him into the dry goods business, the Walkers sent him
to England for further education. Legend goes that young Bert sailed with his own valet </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in
1892</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> to attend <a href="http://www.christianheritagecentre.com/america.html" target="_blank">Stonyhurst</a>, another Jesuit institution
with strong ties to the same Archbishop John Carroll who looms so significantly
in the education of previous generations of the Walker-Beakey family.<b><span style="color: #990000;">[7]</span></b> </span></span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Further research into what has previously been reported makes it clear that Bert was not the first son to attend Stonyhurst. His older brother David also was sent there in 1887, and his younger brother, Ted, would follow Bert there. (See Part V to come).</span></span></div>
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<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjJcElIpbFg-a8DGDKlooL018tOsobbYPZFXPxxepsxLruDceMAvxPR_hNdgE7niHW843M9VOS0q7sEPjftXFcnopRM90bVQCiUN9tk141doIBHwOyfmdT7iwlWX-zGsaGlodUXTXlaA0d/s1600/Bert_who%2527s+who.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjJcElIpbFg-a8DGDKlooL018tOsobbYPZFXPxxepsxLruDceMAvxPR_hNdgE7niHW843M9VOS0q7sEPjftXFcnopRM90bVQCiUN9tk141doIBHwOyfmdT7iwlWX-zGsaGlodUXTXlaA0d/s320/Bert_who%2527s+who.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1894, we have been told, Bert left
Stonyhurst, but, at that point discrepancies about what
followed emerge. </span></span><a href="http://www.usga.org/articles/2013/09/family-ties-stay-strong-21474859788.html" target="_blank">One version</a></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> written by </span><br />
Dave Shedloski and published <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">at the USGA website has it that he enrolled at the University of Edinburgh
as a pre-med student for one year, and then returned to St. Louis.
Bert's New York Times obituary recited the same version of his education which appeared in
his listing in <i>Who's Who</i>, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">merely that he had an</span> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Washington_University_alumni"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">L.L.B.
from Washington University Law School in 1897</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Thus, Bert's graduation from law school occurred only a few
months after the Ely & Walker warehouse located at the southwest corner
of </span><a href="http://news.hrvh.org/veridian/cgi-bin/senylrc?a=d&d=rocklandctyjournal18970320.2.64"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Washington
Avenue and N. 8th Street</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=KBRQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PP209"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">burned
in March 1897</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, in a blaze that killed two firemen and did more than
one million dollars in damage. According to newspapers, </span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9352120"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">John
R. Lionberger</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> had constructed the 7-story building at </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">800 Washington Avenue (today </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">the site of
the Renaissance Grand Hotel)</span> </span>in 1889, five
years before his death.<b><span style="color: #990000;">[8]</span></b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyajVYk_nn1hEHqnk3C1h1v0TzmrzjuITCCxdAKVW16-wlvHJNYA4kc58HtQLSzhM9BYbndAilQHOPbM81ZuhkpLtGsLzqlxpLhgKGvgninKpyRN7bvZfrqnyuOzrm7ENkH_cmPn-w6VAU/s1600/12Hortense.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyajVYk_nn1hEHqnk3C1h1v0TzmrzjuITCCxdAKVW16-wlvHJNYA4kc58HtQLSzhM9BYbndAilQHOPbM81ZuhkpLtGsLzqlxpLhgKGvgninKpyRN7bvZfrqnyuOzrm7ENkH_cmPn-w6VAU/s200/12Hortense.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">12 Hortense Place</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Two years after the conflagration,
Bert married Lulu (short for Lucretia) Wear, daughter of </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">an Ely & Walker competitor, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=crUNAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA2477"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James
H. Wear</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, who was president of J. H. Wear, Boogher and Company,
Importers and Jobbers of Dry Goods</span>.<span style="color: #990000;"><b>[9]</b></span> A segment covering the Wear family will appear at this blog shortly. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The newlyweds at first rented a house at
3800 Delmar where the first child, daughter Nancy, and two servants lived in
1900. They were in the process of building their </span>new Italian Renaissance 15-room <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">home at <a href="http://www.stlmag.com/news/the-walkerbush-family/" target="_blank">12 Hortense Place</a>, which they occupied with their two daughters, three sons and six servants. A fourth son would come along in 1913, as indicated on the 1920 census.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Bert was a very active clubman. He was a member in 1913 of the exclusive </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=apVIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA106"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Log
Cabin Club</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> with Breckinridge Jones, Augustus Busch, Missouri governor David R.
Francis and only a few others (only 20 members listed in the directory). A much larger group was the Noonday Club. He was </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">was president of </span>the </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=apVIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA169"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Racquet
Club</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, whose members included
his </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=apVIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA172"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">three
older brothers</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, as well as Adolphus Busch III, D. R. Francis, Jr.
and Sr., John H. Holliday, Ludwig and Max Kotany, five members of the Lambert
family, three McKittrick family members, W. C. Nixon, Arthur and Joseph Wear,
and Thomas H. West. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">G. H. Walker was vice president of the </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=apVIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA210"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Sunset
Hill Country Club</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, to which the Anheuser and Bush beer-brewing
families belonged, along with a number of other eminent and not-so-eminent St.
Louis families, including the Lamberts, Kotanys, Mudds, Papins--names from
which the Walker men and women would select spouses. Not content with one
country club, the Walkers also joined the </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=apVIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA194"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">St.
Louis Country Club</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, which included other elites such as the Samuel F.
Pryor family as well as Clarkson Potter, numerous Simmons family members, names
like Fordyce, Francis and Jones. Max Kotany was a member, as were the Lambert
brothers, Gerard, Albert Bond, and Marion. A. C. Church's name appeared on the
rolls of the club, as did Dr. M. B. Clopton. James H. Wear was club secretary. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Another club to which they belonged was the </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=apVIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA181"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">St.
Louis Club</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_yPBWQM_47-r0L_q78kd5o2Rvg8MYmFaRlwq-bIHBGLB7qyA07EaeRf32hLeMRjL9f9_9en1UWJgWzCKcZEcmdvxm6i-tFB2k-b1wTTKcwh7diYlNeZE_V071Q9n9WjMZQ2Ff-NYUvDUV/s1600/Rock+Ledge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_yPBWQM_47-r0L_q78kd5o2Rvg8MYmFaRlwq-bIHBGLB7qyA07EaeRf32hLeMRjL9f9_9en1UWJgWzCKcZEcmdvxm6i-tFB2k-b1wTTKcwh7diYlNeZE_V071Q9n9WjMZQ2Ff-NYUvDUV/s200/Rock+Ledge.jpg" width="163" /></a><br />
D.D. and Martha finally were able to retire from business and to leave St. Louis by 1902, the year they bought property in
Maine, although there is evidence that suggests they
had begun spending summer vacations at Kennebunkport as early as 1899, the same year Bert was married to Loulie Wear. That evidence is the application for a passport dated 1899, signed by Ted's father, D.D. Walker, Sr. at Kennebunkport, Maine.<br />
<br />
Gil Troy wrote in his book, <i>Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980's</i> (p. 301) that the Walker family had vacationed "on this coastal gem [Kennebunkport] since the 1880s," and that they purchased the land for $20,000 in 1902. It appears that D.D. and Martha moved into an existing structure, while Bert began building his own vacation houses on the adjacent land.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjmZBzG3os-Xm5Xyiaj2qigpx5vd4btYEjIPE9j_rQZx_yNhzaC9PK8MTjBJggK0qyZeZCAma9bHAPlZiJSoYGMuwFoxWJqezRE-uR0YPGqR0ZSHrJPmz15FdgjvDYw6WoaQ3XbiMj0q0f/s1600/Surf+Ledge_1903.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="115" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjmZBzG3os-Xm5Xyiaj2qigpx5vd4btYEjIPE9j_rQZx_yNhzaC9PK8MTjBJggK0qyZeZCAma9bHAPlZiJSoYGMuwFoxWJqezRE-uR0YPGqR0ZSHrJPmz15FdgjvDYw6WoaQ3XbiMj0q0f/s320/Surf+Ledge_1903.jpg" width="320" /></a>The "big house" was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sZ8iAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA27" target="_blank">profiled in 1905</a> in <i>American Homes and Gardens</i> magazine as "Rock Ledge, the summer home of George H. Walker, Esq." In the summer of 1908 the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported Mr. and Mrs. G. Herbert (Lucretia Wear), were spending the summer at "Surf Ledge," Kennebunkport, Maine, along with Mr. and Mrs. Sidney (Katherine Mudd) Walker. In 1980 the G.H. Walker home was sold to the Bush family, possibly in anticipation of his election to the Presidency, which did not occur, however, until 1988.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyi8sBVyqRaGw4pY9_WmsyvQCGim2bGe1APrMJfkz_UXzBOXaoEZ4FV_c-kb7rJ6bAWsbZV6LKGTMR4HIYIjvgL559gH5R_0dcM32xZFBEqbXePcgJSRYolFV5-TsKw_YZE6G2YjGMqVv2/s1600/Mission_Santa_Barbara.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyi8sBVyqRaGw4pY9_WmsyvQCGim2bGe1APrMJfkz_UXzBOXaoEZ4FV_c-kb7rJ6bAWsbZV6LKGTMR4HIYIjvgL559gH5R_0dcM32xZFBEqbXePcgJSRYolFV5-TsKw_YZE6G2YjGMqVv2/s200/Mission_Santa_Barbara.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Old Mission Santa Barbara</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1905 Bert's parents also acquired a home in Santa Barbara, California. The 1910 census showed them living a block away from the
beautiful and historic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Santa_Barbara">Old Mission Santa Barbara</a>,
pictured here as it was in 1898. The California home was to
become the Walkers' winter residence. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Citing Walker family gossip </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in his </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> 2008 book,</span></span></span></span> Jacob Weisberg reported </span>that
the reason for Martha's insistence upon Bert's attending Stonyhurst was her
desire to escape the </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9KnXFsZf2cC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=%22ill-bred+German+immigrants%22+walker&source=bl&ots=jRvTF1KipK&sig=HNWvXG2svYOJ8UqPQcunbQ4u3DI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWjZ75u8XKAhVFOiYKHQAJAQYQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22ill-bred%20German%20immigrants%22%20walker&f=false"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">"ill-bred
German immigrants"</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> who dominated St. Louis' Catholic
education. Part III shows the irony of that statement, if indeed it was factual, given the fact her own grandfather, Joseph Beakey, had been
a German Catholic immigrant, as had her mother's parents, the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">Schreiners</a>. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Weisberg also wrote that</span> Bert "broke with his parents"
in every way other than moving from St. Louis, by "rejecting his father's
Republican politics and his Catholic faith," while D.D. and Martha not only "</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9KnXFsZf2cC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22ill-bred+German+immigrants%22+walker+boycotted&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZv4ezv8XKAhWKKCYKHWDrA98Q6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=boycotted&f=false"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">boycotted
the wedding</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">," but also later bequeathed </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Bert's share
of their estate </span>to the Catholic Church. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAZkd_xIg7KDz4xc0z2Mc2cGQpDuOrC9mO6re84i4YpRm7yhKNM8lqVdlDOqGKHcQ3VxrTpRZcKm3J5S7Fo5F4KZsnn-nXSuRhO8poalCEmqPDy2czihyeyNNDXSbAHDyR3dS32SJHul5D/s1600/Democrats_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Mon__Nov_5__1888_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAZkd_xIg7KDz4xc0z2Mc2cGQpDuOrC9mO6re84i4YpRm7yhKNM8lqVdlDOqGKHcQ3VxrTpRZcKm3J5S7Fo5F4KZsnn-nXSuRhO8poalCEmqPDy2czihyeyNNDXSbAHDyR3dS32SJHul5D/s320/Democrats_St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Mon__Nov_5__1888_.jpg" width="158" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Our research has revealed, however, that by 1888, D.D. and his partners had been already begun supporting Democrats, such as David R. Francis, in local elections. Other men whose names appeared in the endorsement of Francis included D.D.'s partner Hargadine and Bert's future father-in-law, J.H. Wear and his partner, Murray Carleton (more on the Wear family in a subsequent post).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The legend about the rift and boycott seems to be supported only by interviews with family members, since, when Martha died in 1917, her will, </span><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeeXRQMktMZjA2ZXM/view" target="_blank"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">probated in Missouri</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, clearly did not leave her property to the church.
Instead, she bequeathed all her jewelry to Maysie's daughter, </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/96/mode/2up/search/walker"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Martha
Pittman</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, to whom she also left her interest in Walker's Point Maine. The Santa Barbara estate initially was devised to the only son of their youngest son, Ted who died in 1906. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqxAEpabOt3474S1MsroxqKPjbQT6nFXjEdGpFCMzMJnLAcq_vvNPDTYtBK49I2s_Y_DPi_UitGxlD3S1lOFxuEZhlwzK_7hUvLcWEvSOWW8Q-gfPH-kXTMzPD-aaXJMKxbTucDlNHmkE7/s1600/David+D.+Walker_incompetency+court+suit_Jan+1918.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqxAEpabOt3474S1MsroxqKPjbQT6nFXjEdGpFCMzMJnLAcq_vvNPDTYtBK49I2s_Y_DPi_UitGxlD3S1lOFxuEZhlwzK_7hUvLcWEvSOWW8Q-gfPH-kXTMzPD-aaXJMKxbTucDlNHmkE7/s640/David+D.+Walker_incompetency+court+suit_Jan+1918.jpg" width="340" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Before D.D. Sr. died in late 1918, he was living in Santa Barbara after his wife's death when it was announced that he had been sued by his sons, alleging that he was mentally incompetent, which he fought until his his death.</span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Granddaughter Marth<span style="font-family: inherit;">a Pittman</span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span>When Martha Pittman, in 1919, obtained a passport to travel
to Japan and China, she stated it was her first time to obtain one, although she
had lived in Paris and Italy during 1904-1906, most likely sent away to boarding
school. A note attached to her application was dated in December 1919<span style="font-family: inherit;"> and </span>signed by Alfred L. Marilley, referring vaguely to </span><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeR090TEN4U05VZFU/view?usp=sharing"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">work</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
Martha would do for him during her travel. As counsel to the Army, Navy and
Civilian Board of Boxing Control, incorporated in early 1919 to </span><a href="http://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cornell?a=d&d=CDS19190321.2.40"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">legalize
boxing</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> under certain closely supervised conditions,
Marilley answered to Major A. J. Drexel Biddle, the first president of that new
organization. Biddle did not </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FIM9AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA4-PA40"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">resign
his commission</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> from the Marine Corps until the summer of 1920.
One of the boxing board's </span><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9906EFD9133BEE32A25757C0A9649C946195D6CF"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">first
lines of inquiry</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was whether Jack Dempsey, winner of the first big
fight after the sport was legalized, had evaded his wartime obligations, as
alleged by his former wife.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgphRxiB8-6NCyDvdOmvh5j-JnW8PiBrNwr6erZlzZbfOhMYYX5XZnBP0PiWqUgRXk8b64ELFFf7VHwvCL4O0FHjDM1vmOAsi8Ace73sEgnAdCWe5rBrWXtAzNEhp2sXNfnLbAPviRfzkj/s1600/Brooklyn+Tommy+Sullivan_Lambert_1912.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgphRxiB8-6NCyDvdOmvh5j-JnW8PiBrNwr6erZlzZbfOhMYYX5XZnBP0PiWqUgRXk8b64ELFFf7VHwvCL4O0FHjDM1vmOAsi8Ace73sEgnAdCWe5rBrWXtAzNEhp2sXNfnLbAPviRfzkj/s640/Brooklyn+Tommy+Sullivan_Lambert_1912.jpg" width="172" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Boxing had long been of interest to residents of
Hortense Place in St. Louis. Not only was Bert Walker named amateur boxing champion at
some point, but his neighbor, Marion J. Lambert (Ted's brother-in-law), was such an ardent fan in
1912, he brought </span><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeWjNfdTd5T1AwdTA/view?usp=sharing"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Brooklyn
Tommy Sullivan</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> to his "fashionable Hortense Place"
home. Thus, it was no surprise to readers to learn that Lambert's wife divorced <span style="font-family: inherit;">Lambert</span> a year <span style="font-family: inherit;">and married</span> Adolphus Busch III. In 1917 Bert Walker w<span style="font-family: inherit;">as</span>
appointed chief of the American Protective League, the main function of which
was to investigate men who failed to serve in the military during WWI<span style="font-family: inherit;">--</span>"slackers," as they were called. It seems likely that in that role <span style="font-family: inherit;">Bert may have </span>recruited Martha Pittman to travel the world on behalf of the attorney for the
boxing board, which had set up its first fight for former champion Jack
Dempsey, later accused of being a slacker during the war.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1922 Martha Pittman sought a new passport to travel
extensively in South America, and at other times she traveled the continent of
Europe and in Great Britain. During her journey from Japan to Vancouver in May
1920, Martha listed her address as 12 Hortense Place in St. Louis, once the
home of her mother's younger brother, Bert Walker, but in the 1920 census she
was listed at the home of her father's brother, W. D. Pittman.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 1925 Martha married J. Mortimer Duval, who
worked for the Guaranty Trust in New York. Her married name sometimes appeared
in society clips relating time spent at Walker's Point in Maine. She acquired
her interest in the property from her grandmother, Martha Beakey Walker, who
left a half interest in the Walker's Point (formerly Damon's Point) land and
buildings at Kennebunkport in trust to her granddaughter, subject to a life
estate for D.D. Sr., with a contingent remainder to a grandson named James
Theodore Walker, Jr. This contingent gift was, however, annulled in a codicil
dated a month later, and Ted's only son was actually completely cut from her
will at that time, with all the residue of her estate to be divided equally
among the children of her three surviving sons, Willy, Bert and David Jr. at
that time. Sidney, Maysie, and Ted, Sr. had all died by 1912. The grandson, J.
Theodore, would not die until 1927. More on him later.</span></span><br />
<br />
<ul>
</ul>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">6. <u><i>James Theodore "Ted" Walker</i></u>.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The birth of the fifth son, </span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=TXA7AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA89"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">James
Theodore "Ted" Walker</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">occurred in 1877, when </span></span></span>Bert </span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">was two years old</span></span></span>.</span></span> This would have been a year prior to D.D. Walker's collapse from exhaustion which began a two-year respite from business life in St. Louis. Possibly during that rest period he returned to Bloomington to visit his siblings, <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10687086" target="_blank">John Mercer Walker</a>, George, and two sisters, all of whom had remained in Illinois. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">We know that in <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-presidents-bush-walker-genealogy.html" target="_blank">1879 the family were in Minnesota</a> when they were involved in a boiler explosion aboard a steamboat. Young Bert, age four, landed in the lake and had to be rescued. Sidney would have been 16, Willy 15, Maysie 12 and David 9 by then, but were not mentioned. Neither was the baby, Ted, who was a toddler. </span><br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLFIw7pbbWhsVbUAEgmVCFJ-hk_Ew1vZuj57CkqxzSrhiEtKah2v9o73OVfk2ihQ8GXI7yQC3E2b8k07mFgJ5LZToXIv4iGlqlo2uABWqQAD4D0P_vAMlRQ4S2vuwSEfK7xA2aDEffvWdT/s1600/DavidDavis12w.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLFIw7pbbWhsVbUAEgmVCFJ-hk_Ew1vZuj57CkqxzSrhiEtKah2v9o73OVfk2ihQ8GXI7yQC3E2b8k07mFgJ5LZToXIv4iGlqlo2uABWqQAD4D0P_vAMlRQ4S2vuwSEfK7xA2aDEffvWdT/s400/DavidDavis12w.jpg" width="283" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bert's dad's first cousin, Justice David Davis</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Perhaps while visiting kin, he popped in on the man for whom he was named, his first cousin, Justice David Davis, who may have regaled the family with tales of how he <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Davis_%28Supreme_Court_justice%29" target="_blank">almost got to be the deciding vote</a> between the <a href="http://elections.harpweek.com/09Ver2Controversy/DayByDay.htm" target="_blank">1876 disputed election</a> between Hayes and Tilden, possibly even more contentious and fraudulent than the <a href="http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/supreme-court-case-study-bush-v-gore.html" target="_blank">2000 election</a>:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;">Colonel William Pelton, urged a Democratic-Greenback coalition in the Illinois state legislature to elect Davis to the U.S. Senate. Instead of remaining on the commission, grateful to the Democrats, Davis resigned since he would soon no longer be a Supreme Court justice, but a senator. He was replaced on the commission by Justice Joseph P. Bradley, a Republican who cast all his votes for Hayes.</span></blockquote>
<ul>
</ul>
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Four years earlier, Davis had himself run for President as a <a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000097" target="_blank">Liberal-Republican</a>. He served in Senate in Washington until his term ended in 1883, then retired to Bloomington. We do know from news accounts that D.D. Walker was at his bedside when death came in 1886. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Unlike the three eldest sons, Ted entered Yale's Sheffield Scientific School and
graduated in the class of 1899, being named as a sophomore to </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=TXA7AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA89"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Delta
Psi</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> semi-secret society (also known as </span><a href="http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2006/03/31/tapping-into-yales-semi-secret-society-st-anthony-hall/"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">St.
Anthony Hall</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">). Upon graduation </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in 1899</span></span>, he</span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> traveled to Tokyo, as part of his worldwide tour. </span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ted's Classmates</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">. In the same class at Yale was </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Robert
Sterling Clark</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a man <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-arithmetic-doesnt-add-up-to.html" target="_blank">this blogger connected</a> to the 1933 plot to
overthrow FDR. Another classmate and brother in Delta Psi, </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=TXA7AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA45"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">John
Cameron Greenleaf</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, became brother-in-law to Thatcher Magoun
Adams, a partner in the Brown Brothers investment bank, which a few years later
Bert would assist in merging with the Harrimans. Greenleaf also became a
brother-in-law of their fellow classmate, Hamilton Fish Benjamin, when the two
Delta Psi men married daughters of William B. Bacon from Boston. Following Yale, Greenleaf
moved to Manhattan and, in 1903, formed an investment firm at 49 Wall Street at the corner or William Street, only one block up from Brown Brothers offices at 59 Wall at Hanover.
Other members of "the Sheff" class of 1899 included Smith Academy, St. Louis, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">classmates such as</span>: </span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=TXA7AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA84"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Leslie
Helfenstein Thompson</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, who lived at 48 Portland Place (and whose wife,
Violet, was a daughter of John W. Kauffmann). Leslie's mother was a <a href="http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/Skull-And-Bones1833-1985.htm" target="_blank">Helfenstein</a>, many of whose men were Yale graduates. The <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kmc9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA314&lpg=PA314&dq=%22edward+helfenstein+simmons%22&source=bl&ots=peittIS-WV&sig=fL-b9RY0MFNIRQGC2Qi7VkykFjI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtjoH4jrnLAhWJ6SYKHfqQDCYQ6AEILTAE#v=onepage&q=helfenstein&f=false" target="_blank">Helfensteins</a> were also related to the family of <a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=itQtAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA531" target="_blank">Edward C. Simmons</a> by his mother, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cdUcAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA14-PA50" target="_blank">Louise Helfenstein Simmons</a>, and were important members of Skull and Bones.</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=TXA7AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA59"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">William
Windus Knight</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, whose father, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fBcXAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA638&lpg=PA638&dq=%22milton+knight%22+wabash&source=bl&ots=vUcaDeTORq&sig=_WqQByr1r3fpaw9r0h4yGQ-ALnA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhi7bYj7nLAhUCWSYKHYu_DJYQ6AEILjAD#v=onepage&q=%22milton%20knight%22%20wabash&f=false" target="_blank">Milton Knight</a>, vice president of the Wabash Railroad, had been indicted in 1891 for shipping flour to Canada at rates other than those set by the Interstate Commerce Commission.</span></li>
</ol>
<b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ted's Wife, Lilly Lambert</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPvBVPgpVnZXkwmeR9SNFtSsyuBxb0G7w2qi3xHNJN32UPSaqAND9_eyq0_FNiLFdjB4XDGiaxCViE7T6Oqm9APr2kn3ky6ezOVRv6EK7WE31CcNuABiAslz7UAXvxNzhS2wKTMQmOR-83/s1600/listerine-ad-1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPvBVPgpVnZXkwmeR9SNFtSsyuBxb0G7w2qi3xHNJN32UPSaqAND9_eyq0_FNiLFdjB4XDGiaxCViE7T6Oqm9APr2kn3ky6ezOVRv6EK7WE31CcNuABiAslz7UAXvxNzhS2wKTMQmOR-83/s200/listerine-ad-1900.jpg" width="138" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">After
Ted return to St. Louis from his world tour begun in 1899, he married an orphaned heiress,
Lily Lambert,
</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in June 1904. His bride lived a few doors down from brother Bert, on Hortense Place with her brothers and their wives. She was the only </span>daughter of Joseph Wheat Lambert, founder of Lambert Pharmacal Co.
Lily's
father had been born in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1851, educated with a
degree in
chemistry, then moved to St. Louis, where he married Elizabeth Liscome
(Lily) Winn in 1873. </span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv7AKzvZ-cKBAMgUyYQcsobM-kHAFh6n3qqPera6Vwim8TF4GS2kT_pAcMgGRrHwKNDsV_QdBn8QyY_e_Hb7IjumnG35BeDdHFIqFer1aZa2LBgw3BpYoJiW4B8lP05Lyb0bWOv0Pd0R06/s1600/Jackie-Kennedy-and-Bunny-Mellon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv7AKzvZ-cKBAMgUyYQcsobM-kHAFh6n3qqPera6Vwim8TF4GS2kT_pAcMgGRrHwKNDsV_QdBn8QyY_e_Hb7IjumnG35BeDdHFIqFer1aZa2LBgw3BpYoJiW4B8lP05Lyb0bWOv0Pd0R06/s200/Jackie-Kennedy-and-Bunny-Mellon.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The eldest son, Albert Bond Lambert, was born in 1875 (same
year as Bert Walker). Lily came along eleven years later, in 1884. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Her younger brother, </span><a href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerard-Barnes-Lambert"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Gerard
Barnes Lambert</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, born in 1886, married Rachel Lowe and had two daughters (1) Rachel Lowe Lambert; and (2) Lily Cary Lambert. After their divorce in 1933, Gerard's former wife married Dr. Malvern Clopton, thus making him the stepfather of </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://mylusciouslife.com/a-luscious-life-rachel-bunny-lowe-lambert-mellon/"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Rachel
Lowe Lambert</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, commonly </span>known as "Bunny," two years after Bunny's marriage to Stacy B. Lloyd, Jr. In 1948 Bunny divorced Lloyd, and later, as Bunny Mellon, wife of Bruce Mellon, would become a <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/social-diary/2014/light-and-darkness" target="_blank">great friend </a>of Jackie Kennedy.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>James Theodore Walker, Jr., Minor's Estate</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ted and <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lily Lambert Walker had a son born in March 1906, only a few months
before Ted's death. She remarried in October 1909 and attempted to
create a trust in a will, by terms of which she divided the 1/6 interest in her
mother's estate. She named </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gR1CAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA683"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">George
H. "Bert" Walker </span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">as her trustee along with the St.
Louis Union Trust. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">After her death in 1911, a dispute arose between G. H. "Bert" Walker and the Mercantile Trust, the trustee named in Lily's
<i>mother's</i> will, which claimed it continued to have the duty to manage the assets of her estate (consisting of 5/6 of the
stock of the pharmaceutical company which manufactured and sold </span><a href="http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/178/655/1642490/"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Listerine
mouth wash</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">). Along with that duty, of course, was the financial reward in the form of management fees, which the company claimed a right to have for eight more years. Based on the wording of the elder woman's will the trustee calculated that </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">distribution would not occur until 1919, being 30 years after Lily Walker Clopton's mother's death in 1889. The opinion of the Missouri Supreme Court was reported at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sExFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=%22Will+of+Lily+Lambert%22&source=bl&ots=nim6Rv-xHN&sig=AyL8CbOjibpN3EcnPw5ECt-XAsY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiznOC0mcPLAhVBOSYKHV-IAg8Q6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=Lily%20Lambert&f=false" target="_blank">197 S.W. 261</a> (</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">1917), affirming the judgment of the trial court</span>, which found that the mother's will was valid.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The plaintiffs
(appellants) included Lily's siblings as well as the acting trustees of her estate. They attacked the
validity of the mother's will on grounds it had violated the rule against
perpetuities. The Missouri Supreme Court held in 1917 in favor of the will's
validity, against the Lambert siblings.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In late 1904 Ted married Lilly Lambert at </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">at <a href="http://www.waymarking.com/gallery/image.aspx?f=1&guid=b8c2bdca-61bf-4900-a75b-7b3cfdf16abc" target="_blank">10 Hortense Place</a>, </span>home of one of her brothers, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Marion Liscome Jarvis Lambert. Another brother, </span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9332"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Albert
Bond Lambert</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, lived at 2 Hortense (at Euclid). Ted's eldest brother
Sidney Walker had a home at No. 5, and Bert lived at No. 12 on that same private street. All these addresses were found in the 1910 census. </span></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWVPJujJCkokXGOPRAp-nwGitF9LqyhGRU3FC-eNIf5oQ-IYfjLb0q8sBz94ewYmq6ZIpx516X_OU6ovZ2s77WYHxrrxkUtb38mINzvt6DyG1WPI9qK2Ppd-4ND9sr06ifJOK4q_nBkRlT/s1600/Lambert+1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWVPJujJCkokXGOPRAp-nwGitF9LqyhGRU3FC-eNIf5oQ-IYfjLb0q8sBz94ewYmq6ZIpx516X_OU6ovZ2s77WYHxrrxkUtb38mINzvt6DyG1WPI9qK2Ppd-4ND9sr06ifJOK4q_nBkRlT/s320/Lambert+1900.jpg" width="249" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ten
years earlier the Lamberts and Walkers had lived less than 200 feet
from each other, on opposite sides of Vandeventer Avenue. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Jordan W.
Lambert, Jr., only 22 in 1900, was head of the family of parentless siblings. Fortunately, his wife was six years his senior. When </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Helen Churchill Smith married him i</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">n
1897, he could have been only 19 if the census records are accurate. Four
younger siblings (</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Marion, who had
married at age 19, </span>Lilly, Gerard, and Wooster, as well as Marion's bride,
Florence Parker) moved into the house at 62 Vandeventer with
Jordan Jr., his wife Helen. Their next-door neighbor was John Foster Shepley, chairman of the St. Louis Union Trust. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ted Walker, who had
lived at 53 Vandeventer, less than 200 feet away from Lilly at the time
he left for Yale in 1894, may not have known the girl who was then 11 years of age, but he
returned home in 1900 to find Lilly almost grown up at 16, and they
married four years later. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Much had changed during those gilded-age </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">years while Ted was in New Haven</span>.
His brother Bert had returned from England and Scotland, finished law
school, married, and had begun boxing and playing polo and golf at all
the local clubs, to which his new in-laws, the Wear family, great tennis
enthusiasts, also belonged. The </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lamberts also frequented the same clubs and shared Ted's interest in airplanes and boxing as well.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg55u7m6zEvnql7Y1UwuS4Ya0qn_8apmiJX8fLFXlFVNK0tUqIeQRCkgxLo0PXXTYiWMZPejXvY8uD9lKW94R4xuRcJ-ASVu4OcqU_tVP9oCT5NnLWzrkpm_C-OUngZ-FcXMVBrU0zLMJT/s1600/Ted+Walker+obit_1906.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg55u7m6zEvnql7Y1UwuS4Ya0qn_8apmiJX8fLFXlFVNK0tUqIeQRCkgxLo0PXXTYiWMZPejXvY8uD9lKW94R4xuRcJ-ASVu4OcqU_tVP9oCT5NnLWzrkpm_C-OUngZ-FcXMVBrU0zLMJT/s320/Ted+Walker+obit_1906.jpg" width="208" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ted,
however, did not
succumb to the Lamberts' affinity for living communally. He and Lilly
moved to
a rural area in Clarksville, Missouri, where he had lots of space to experiment with
aircraft. His death, however, resulted, not from crashing in a aeroplane, but
from a very dumb mistake he made. When a gasoline-powered water pump at
their home stopped working, he went to investigate, striking a match in
the dark in order to see. The </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0Gw_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA827"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">gasoline
explosion</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> occurred on May 18, 1906. </span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lambert Family History</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">We cannot pass up this opportunity to explain more about the Lambert family who were so close to the two youngest Walker boys. </span>The Lambert children had been orphaned in 1889: </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=zdhXAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA92"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">their
father died</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in January, his wife being eight months pregnant
with Wooster; she too died a month after giving birth, and her brother,
John D. Winn, was appointed trustee and guardian for the children, as well as becoming president of the Lambert Pharmacal Co., which his brother-in-law, Jordan Wheat, a </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">chemist, founded in 1881 when he had bought
a license to manufacture </span><a href="http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/thanks-to-chemistry/listerine.aspx"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Listerine</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
antiseptic mouthwash, then used exclusively by dentists to kill germs and
prescribed by doctors to treat colds and sore throats. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">After Jordan Wheat's death, the widow's brother, J.D. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Wooster Winn, </span></span>ran the company until 1895, when </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=d-EfAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA119"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Jordan,
Jr. at eighteen sued to have him removed</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> from that position. The five orphans were by then filthy
rich due to the fact that </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">the </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=zdhXAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA97"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lambert
Pharmacal Company</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> (located </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in 1891 </span></span></span></span>at </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=p6QoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA41"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">314
N. Main</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, now First Street</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">)</span></span></span> was doing so well with its patent while </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">their uncle ran the company</span>. That location, incidentally, is approximately the site on which t</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">he Gateway Arch would eventually be built. Winn in 1891 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">completed a </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=wNs1AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA8-PA19"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">new
four-story laboratory on Lucas Place</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> at 21st Street. A competing company, called </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3A9YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA548&lpg=PA548&dq=%22st.+louis%22+preventol&source=bl&ots=ErPdPUaT6C&sig=kFBqy5PnUQ8LMNZ1BFhjQa4nCkU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkkd7Xk6rKAhWJRSYKHX8QA0wQ6AEIJzAE#v=onepage&q=%22st.%20louis%22%20preventol&f=false"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Preventol</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
had its office at Olive and N. 23rd Streets</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6qwm73IL2Es-FTdUjCRGWP-kIdXbeFwElln7b71rAyX6tunpkqLNaoSFgZy6cg1Va2e7amffyABlrZ7T3KNb9oFQ7GhtQ7lghieBPXUC0IBHF4tT-bnIUSDevOXPoT8rJTsBmxg0Nf8Ex/s1600/halitosis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6qwm73IL2Es-FTdUjCRGWP-kIdXbeFwElln7b71rAyX6tunpkqLNaoSFgZy6cg1Va2e7amffyABlrZ7T3KNb9oFQ7GhtQ7lghieBPXUC0IBHF4tT-bnIUSDevOXPoT8rJTsBmxg0Nf8Ex/s200/halitosis.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">It was Lilly's younger brother, Gerard Lambert, who is given credit for
expanding the market to the everyday consumer wanting to fight the scourge
of bad breath. After discovering the medical term "halitosis," he
used it in Listerine marketing and
began selling the antiseptic over the counter in drug stores in 1914.</span><br />
<br />
Years earlier the Ely & Walker Company had been engaged in li<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">tigation in a case styled <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FhsLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA726&lpg=PA726&dq=Gibbons+st.+louis+hargadine+walker+1876&source=bl&ots=DFMqpgQMhi&sig=vKVa7HLcKEcYM-tGl17GtKSnbHU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjzl_SEi7fLAhVD6iYKHehDArwQ6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=Gibbons%20st.%20louis%20hargadine%20walker%201876&f=false" target="_blank">Hargadine et al v. Gibbons</a>. Wayman Crow, senior partner of the firm D. D. Walker had joined, died after a 1876 judgment, and he named William Hargadine and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hitchcock_%28Missouri_lawyer%29" target="_blank">Henry Hitchcock</a>,
as trustees to hold title of his share of the partnership assets on
behalf of his named beneficiaries. Walker and his remaining partners
felt compelled to renew the judgment a dozen or so years later through their attorney,
<a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7711001" target="_blank">William Hickman Clopton</a>. Clopton's son, <a href="https://www.accessgenealogy.com/missouri/biography-of-malvern-bryan-clopton-m-d.htm" target="_blank">Malvern Bryan Clopton</a>,
after becoming a surgeon, in 1909 became the
stepfather for Ted Walker's son, Ted Jr.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lilly Lambert Walker married Dr. Clopton </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in 1909, but </span></span>after less than two years of marriage,
the Walkers' former daughter-in-law also died, leaving her full inherited fortune outright
to her husband, whom she also named trustee for Ted Jr. The following was published shortly after her death in 1911:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">SHE WAS LILY LAMBERT </span></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Property Held in Trust, Will Be Added to Big Legacy From Father. </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By
the will of Mrs. Lily Lambert Clopton, filed in the Probate Court
Friday, her son, Ted Walker, now 6 years old, will become one of the
richest young men in St. Louis on his twenty-fifth birthday. Mrs.
Clopton. who inherited one-sixth of the estate of the late Jordan W.
Lambert, her father, left two-thirds of her own estate to her son, to be
held in trust for him until he becomes 25 years of age. </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Wooster
Lambert, a brother of Mrs. Clopton, received his share of $800,000 due
him from the estate of his father last year when he became 21 years old.
Mrs. Clopton's share of the estate, which she received some years ago,
is said to have been almost equal in amount to that received by Wooster.
</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In
addition to two-thirds of the estate of his mother, Ted Walker
inherited the bulk of the estate of his father, the late James T.
Walker, son of D.D. Walker, a wealthy wholesale dry goods-man. The two
estates, by the time he comes into actual possession of them, will make
him very rich.<i><b> </b></i></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><i><b>One-Third to Husband.</b></i> </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mrs.
Clopton died a few days ago from blood poisoning resulting from an
ulcerated tooth. After the death of her first husband, James ("Ted")
Walker, on their farm in Pike County several years ago, she married Dr.
Malvern B. Clopton, son of W. H. Clopton, former United States District
Attorney at St. Louis. The Pike County farm, six miles from Clarksville,
also is left to her son. She willed him a diamond necklace and several
gold bracelets set with diamonds and sapphires, and several rings.
One-third of the entire estate Mrs. Clopton willed absolutely to her
husband, Dr. Clopton. </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">G.
H. Walker and the St. Louis Union Trust Co. were appointed trustees of
the estate. They were authorized to collect rents and income from the
estate and to educate and maintain Ted Walker until he is 25 years old.
The excess of his net income from the estate is to be invested and held
in trust for him, to be turned over to him with the balance of his
inheritance 19 years from now.</span><i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></b></i></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><i><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Her Estate in Trust.</span></b></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mrs.
Clopton's will, written in February, 1910, recites the fact that her
own estate is held in trust. Under the provision of the will of Mrs.
Lily Lambert, mother of Mrs. Clopton, her estate was to be held in trust
for her children for 30 years after her death, which occurred in 1889.
Under the provision of the will no part of the real or personal estate
can be sold until 1919, but the excess income was to go to each child
upon becoming of age. A receipt filed June 6, 1910, showed that Wooster
Lambert received, upon becoming 21 years old, $359,138.75 in cash, his
share of the excess income, as part of his $800,000 share of the estate.
</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Psychical Research</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">At about the same time Lilly and Clopton were married, </span><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeWkNCZmRxLTF4VTQ/view?usp=sharing"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">newspaper
articles</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> with no byline began appearing featuring Jordan Jr.
and Helen (nicknamed Nellie) Lambert who were conducting experiments in psychic
phenomena with a Columbia University professor of psychology and ethics, Dr.
James H. Hyslop, who had been studying spiritualism since 1888. As president of
the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Psychical_Research"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">American
Society for Psychical Research</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, Hyslop was exploring the tales
coming from their son's nurse, William E. Hannegan, who along with his sister
Lillie Hannegan, were said to have been employed by Lambert's office since
1906.<b><span style="color: #990000;">[10]</span></b> The </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=hdkLAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA597"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">experiments
conducted by Helen Lambert</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> were written up in 1908. Nine years later, in 1917 </span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6249699"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Jordan
Jr.'s body</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> was found in his room, a death by gunshot ruled to
be suicide. Helen who had left home to become more involved in Prof. Hyslop's
psychical society, in 1933 published a book called </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/cure-through-suggestion/oclc/11914307"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Cure
through Suggestion</span></i></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> with trance medium </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9RwdcbWJVcUC&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&dq=%22Eileen+Jeanette+Garrett%22&source=bl&ots=79xJOcnS8A&sig=xZQ1Z45HP2Ao5FFJ1T5Tvp63aps&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5uJjNh6rKAhUB0SYKHQPBDlUQ6AEIWzAO#v=onepage&q=%22Eileen%20Jeanette%20Garrett%22&f=false"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Eileen
Garrett</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Coming Later</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">There is so much more relating to this family that has never been told. Other research to appear includes more on the Lambert family of the Listerine fortune; the Wear family's connections to Dwight Filley Davis and Jay Gould II, and of course Bert's relationship with Benjamin Yoakum, the King/Kleberg family and the Harrimans. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ENDNOTES:</span></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> A </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/318/mode/1up"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">different
story</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> to what was told by Elijah's brother was related
in <i>Americans of Gentle Birth and Their Ancestors: A Genealogical
Encyclopedia</i> (1903), compiled by </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/n10/mode/1up"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mrs.
H. D. (Hannah Daviess) Pittman with assistance from Mrs. R. K. (Rosa Kershaw)
Walker</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">. Considering the fact that they spelled Elijah's
name as Keelah rather than Keeler, one suspects the writers also put a somewhat
nobler twist on their story. Unfortunately, their interpretation of what had
actually occurred, like their spelling, was less than accurate. Not only did </span><a href="http://www.mdhs.org/underbelly/2013/05/01/the-quasi-war-1798-1801-diplomatic-treasures-from-a-long-forgotten-dispute/"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">French
spoliation claims</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> rise from an earlier period of history, no
historical record of Elijah having been engaged in building ships exists. Mrs.
R. W. Walker, </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/159/mode/1up/search/kershaw"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">wife
of Howard Christy Walker</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a man </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gwYTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA369"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">arrested
in Mexico</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> for allegedly stealing lumber in 1883, had for
many years worked as society editor for the St. Louis Globe Democrat, and also
had her own publishing company. She was not related to the Walker family
studied here. Mrs. Pittman, society editor at the St. Louis Post Dispatch, also
owned an apartment building known as Beaumont Flats at Olive and N. Jefferson
Streets in St. Louis. She had married Williamson Haskins Pittman, a tobacco
factor, in 1859.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Stevens, Walter B. (2013).
pp. 333-4. <i>St. Louis, the Fourth City, 1764-1911</i> (Vol. 2). London:
Forgotten Books. (Original work published 1911).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[3]</b></span> </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">According to a<a href="http://www.courts.mo.gov/sup/index.nsf/9f4cd5a463e4c22386256ac4004a490f/9c1dd74844cb53a386257257006e1ac5/$FILE/SC88075_St_Louis_University_brief.pdf" target="_blank"> brief filed</a> in a lawsuit styled <a href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/2008716269fsw3d447_1711/ST.%20LOUIS%20UNIV.%20v.%20MASONIC%20TEMPLE%20ASS%27N" target="_blank"><i>Saint Louis University v. Masonic Temple Association</i>, </a></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/2008716269fsw3d447_1711/ST.%20LOUIS%20UNIV.%20v.%20MASONIC%20TEMPLE%20ASS%27N" target="_blank">269 S.W.3d 447 (2008)</a>:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: #444444;">The
University traces its history to 1818 when St. Louis Academy was
established in downtown St. Louis. It was incorporated by Act of the
Missouri General Assembly in 1832....In 1876, looking to expand but
wanting to stay in the City of St. Louis, Saint Louis University
purchased land for a new campus near Grand Avenue and Lindell Boulevard.</span> </span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Elise's father, Jean Theodore
Papin, was a son of Hypolite Papin and grandson of Joseph Marie Papin and
Marie Louise Chouteau, as well as a nephew of Marie Philippe Leduc. According
to </span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0252019156/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0252019156&linkCode=as2&tag=quixot-20&linkId=DTJS34EP7ICUM3X3"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Saint
Louis: An Informal History of the City and its People, 1764-1865</span></i></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">,
page 92, Elise's grandfather, when he died in 1811, was still heavily in debt
to his Leduc son-in-law, as well as to Auguste Chouteau. The Chouteau
family, it seems, were not adverse to buying and selling Indians as slaves in
those early days in Missouri, according to </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Shirley
Christian</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">,<i> Before Lewis and Clark</i>
(at page 242). The Pittman and Walker genealogy set out their version of the
history of the original French families who established St. Louis, including
the </span><a href="https://archive.org/stream/americansofgentl00walk#page/384/mode/1up/search/papin"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Papins</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[5] </b></span>Mrs. Burchard, married to him in 1912 had been born</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allene_Tew" target="_blank">Allene Tew</a>, and after his death, she was married again in 1929 to <a href="http://everything.explained.today/Prince_Heinrich_XXXIII_Reuss_of_K%C3%B6stritz/" target="_blank">Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss-Köstritz</a>.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[6]</b></span> Richard Ben Cramer's 1992 book, <i>What It Takes</i>, may have been the first source to reveal Bert's education at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=djZWFPIatUMC&pg=PT163&lpg=PT163&dq=What+It+Takes+cramer+stonyhurst&source=bl&ots=Nl3bQHh8pY&sig=I4yZTt-VNbNdj-WiFvVX3YID4sM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihj6m9w8XKAhUISSYKHVF_BwQQ6AEINjAD#v=onepage&q=What%20It%20Takes%20cramer%20stonyhurst&f=false">Stonyhurst</a>. Mickey Herskowitz in his book, Duty, Honor, Country, erroneously reported that the Walkers were "<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NRKERJ2D5OQC&pg=PT34&lpg=PT34&dq=D.D.+Walker%E2%80%99s+son+and+a+heavyweight+boxing+champion&source=bl&ots=iXRibL4-a_&sig=UuBIr8d5dGgxSCy9nJAK1er8swc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj5--6r6LKAhXE4CYKHeZoAFwQ6AEIIDAA#v=onepage&q=D.D.%20Walker%E2%80%99s%20son%20and%20a%20heavyweight%20boxing%20champion&f=false">Scottish Catholics</a>," a totally inaccurate statement, as shown in previous parts of this series.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Jacob Weisberg, </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9KnXFsZf2cC&pg=PA8&dq=%22george+herbert+walker%22+catholic+stonyhurst&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfsdj0nqLKAhUEWSYKHeRxCv0Q6AEIJjAC#v=onepage&q=%22george%20herbert%20walker%22%20catholic%20stonyhurst&f=false"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The
Bush Tragedy</span></i></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> (2008). Stonyhurst was established on lands donated
by the </span><a href="http://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/stonyhurst-college"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Weld</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
family in </span><a href="http://www.dorsetlife.co.uk/2008/11/libya-to-lulworth/"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">1794</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
as a refuge for </span><a href="http://www.stonyhurst.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/SH_A-brief-history.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Jesuit
fugitives</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> from Liege, Belgium, and alumni included several
notable Americans, including three members of Maryland's </span><a href="http://datab.us/i/List%20of%20Stonyhurst%20alumni/ae"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Carroll</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
family (Charles of Carrollton, Daniel as well as the aforementioned Bishop John
Carroll). Intelligence agent </span><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no1/article01.html"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Vernon
A. Walters</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> is also listed among its students. Mount St.
Mary's in Emmitsburg, Maryland, was built on land donated by Archbishop John
Carroll, described in Part III, whose education had been completed at
Stonyhurst.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7] </span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Thus
it would have been at least partly owned by his son, Isaac Lionberger, who at
the time of the fire was </span><a href="http://www.geni.com/people/Isaac-LIONBERGER/6000000025648238857"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Assistant
U.S. Attorney General</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in the Grover Cleveland administration. In 1899
Isaac was elected president of the St. Louis Bar Association. He was also a
member of the board of directors of Washington University, so if Bert was a
graduate of that law school, he almost certainly knew his father's landlord.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[8]</b></span> In 1887 Wear, Boogher was "located in the spacious five-story and basement structure
100x120 feet, at the </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=C08VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA106"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">corner
of Sixth and St. Charles</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> streets," while </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=C08VAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA156"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ely
& Walker</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> in that year was at the 500 block of N. Broadway.
Those two buildings were directly across Broadway from each other, though
facing different directions.The Wear home was then at 3650 Washington Avenue,
less than two miles east of the Walkers' Vandeventer residence. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCleaRaBCbXOArN1I5lRIacHMZOo4SiHtpzs2d6lD37BMzlZM7xbmbnvPZmCQ-6h7-7hH7S_1cdsep4PEUrbUsaiV6COj-LO_LmrKG5ynYaSYHVNgSTGfhPAJqJxBMb9BQ7xoaNnBpL37s/s1600/Clay+Pierce_40+Vandeventer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCleaRaBCbXOArN1I5lRIacHMZOo4SiHtpzs2d6lD37BMzlZM7xbmbnvPZmCQ-6h7-7hH7S_1cdsep4PEUrbUsaiV6COj-LO_LmrKG5ynYaSYHVNgSTGfhPAJqJxBMb9BQ7xoaNnBpL37s/s200/Clay+Pierce_40+Vandeventer.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">40 Vandeventer, H. Clay Pierce</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>[9]</b></span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Julius K. Hunter, Robert C. Pettus, Leonard Lujan - <i>Westmoreland and Portland Places: The History and Architecture of America's</i> ..., (1988), p. 22. </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">One resident of Vandeventer during this era was H. Clay Pierce at 40 Vandeventer, originally built in 1886. </span>While Vandeventer Place was developed beginning in 1870, it was beginning to be </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="st">passé </span> by 1888, when residents began rebuilding in Westmoreland and Portland Places to the west of town. </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Hortense Place was also private and gated, located off Kings Highway,
one block north and east of the entrance gates into Westmoreland. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Intriguingly, Lillie's listing
in the 1908 St. Louis directory showed her to be a clerk for </span><a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fr_mAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA335"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Preventol
Chemical</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, a company that manufactured an antiseptic used to
prevent gonorrhea. Advertising mentioned that the prophylactic tube containing
the "medicament" was of mandatory use by the army and navy in
Germany, and research seems to confirm that Preventol was actually a </span><a href="https://trademarks.justia.com/735/08/preventol-73508815.html"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">trademark
name for Bayer</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span></span><br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6905506070718158368.post-86635956235006741782016-02-28T15:10:00.000-06:002017-04-27T14:37:55.768-05:00Why George Bush Came to Texas, OR Enron - A Short History<div class="tr_bq" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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Many years ago I became acquainted with Catherine Austin Fitts, while both of us were members of what was then called a listserv, which was managed by Kris Millegan. The three of us and many others were trying to learn how the American economy incorporated proceeds of narcotics sales into our financial system. Sometime after Catherine had visited me in Texas, the Texas corporation <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/18/business/worldbusiness/18iht-web.0117enron.time.html?pagewanted=all" target="_blank">Enron collapsed</a> in November 2000, the same month George W. Bush was first elected and less than a year before the September 11, 2001 destruction of the World Trade Center. (See James P. Galasyn's <a href="http://www.desdemonadespair.net/2010/09/bushenron-chronology.html" target="_blank">Bush/Enron Chronology</a>).</div>
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The work below grew out of those debacles.</div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>ENRON</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">From <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hoover’s Handbook of American Business</span>, 1993: </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Enron traces its history through two well-established natural gas companies — InterNorth and <b style="color: #990000;">Houston Natural Gas </b>(HNG).</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">InterNorth started out in 1930 as Northern Natural Gas, an Omaha, Nebraska, gas pipeline company. By 1950 Northern has doubled its capacity and in 1960 started processing and transporting natural gas liquids. The company changed its name to InterNorth in 1980. In 1983 it spent $768 million to buy <b>Belco</b> Petroleum, adding 821 billion cubic feet of natural gas and 67 million barrels of oil to its reserves. At the same time the company (with four partners) was building the Northern Border Pipeline to link Canadian producing fields with U.S. markets.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">HNG, formed in <b>1925</b> as a South Texas natural gas distributor, served more than 55,000 customers by the early 1940s. It started developing producing oil and gas properties in 1953 and bought <b>Houston Pipe Line Company</b> in 1956. Other major acquisitions included Valley Gas Production, a South Texas natural gas company (1963), and Houston’s Bammel Gas Storage Field (1965).</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the 1970s the company started developing offshore fields in the Gulf of Mexico, and in 1976 it sold its original gas distribution properties to Entex. In 1984 HNG, faced with a hostile takeover attempt by <a href="http://www.mindfully.org/Energy/2005/Oscar-S-Wyatt-Jr22oct05.htm"><u>Coastal Corporation</u></a>, brought in former Exxon executive <a href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0205/S00063.htm" target="_blank">Kenneth Lay</a> as CEO. Lay refocused Enron on natural gas, selling $632 million of unrelated assets. He added Transwestern Pipeline (California) and Florida Gas Transmission, and by 1985 Enron operated the only transcontinental gas pipeline.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 1985 InterNorth bought HNG for $2.4 billion, creating the U.S.’s largest natural gas pipeline system (38,000 miles). Soon after, Kenneth Lay became chairman/CEO of newly named Enron (1986), and the company moved its headquarters from Omaha to Houston.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Laden with <span style="color: #990000;">$3.3 billion of debt</span> (most related to the HNG acquisition), Enron sold 50% of Citrus Corporation (operated Florida Gas Transmission, 1986), 50% of Enron Cogeneration (1988), and 16% of Enron Oil & Gas (1989). In the meantime the company paid $31 million for Tesoro</span></span></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">[1]</span></span></span></b> Petroleum’s gathering and transportation businesses in 1988.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 1990 the company bought CSX Energy’s Louisiana production facilities, which helped to increase Enron’s production of natural gas liquids by nearly 33%. In late 1991 Enron closed a deal with Tenneco to buy that company’s natural gas liquids/petrochemical operations for $632 million.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Enron’s 1992 contract with Sithe Energies Group to <u>supply</u> $4 billion worth of natural gas over 20 years to a planned upstate New York cogeneration plant fits its vision of natural gas as a leading fuel for the future.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">History of Enron, Originally Founded as </span></b></i><br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Houston Natural Gas Company</span></b></i><br />
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In 1893 <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fki33">John Henry Kirby</a> started construction of the <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqg24" target="_blank">Gulf, Beaumont and Kansas City</a> railroad line, which he sold to the <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utarl/00004/arl-00004.html" target="_blank">Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe</a> in 1900. He decided to invest the money he made on building the railroad into East Texas timber land, but after the big Spindletop oil discovery near Beaumont in East Texas in 1901, he took another turn into oil exploration. With dollar signs in their eyes, however, his creditors thought it more advantageous for themselves to take the corporate assets held as security than to give Kirby the necessary time to develop those assets into oil-producing property. <br />
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On July 6, 1901 the Houston Daily Post contained a huge front page headline and photo of Kirby announcing the chartering of Houston Oil Company of Texas with a capitalization of $30 million and of the Kirby Lumber Co. with $10 million in capital. The stock was issued, but Kirby still had to obtain buyers for the stock. That means he had to find stock brokers who had connections to huge pools of capital to invest. For his financing, Kirby had gone to Patrick Calhoun, a New York corporate attorney "with desirable connections in eastern banking circles." Calhoun was the grandson of John C. Calhoun, vice-president under John Quincy Adams.<br />
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Patrick Calhoun, a native of South Carolina, owned stock in the Southern Oil Co., which had 100 producing oil wells in the Corsicana Field in East Texas. The investors Calhoun brought into Kirby's companies included Brown Brothers of New York; Simon Borg & Co., originally founded in Tennessee; and Maryland Trust Co. of Baltimore, the latter being proposed as trustee to handle the company's securities and act as its subscription agent. Maryland Trust Co. was headed at that time by ex-Confederate officer, Colonel J. Wilcox Brown. <br />
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The Brown Brothers firm was founded in the United States by descendants of Alexander Brown, who also were involved in the English brokerage firm of Brown & Shipley, of Baltimore, Maryland, and, after 1825, in New York. Brown Brothers would operate out of New York City until its eventual merger in 1931 with W.A. Harriman & Co., the latter an investment bank set up five years earlier for E. H. Harriman's young sons by Prescott Bush's father-in-law, George Herbert "Bert" Walker of St. Louis, Missouri, who is the subject of a series of articles at this blog.<br />
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Foreclosure and Receivership</span></b></i><br />
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The financing scheme for the Kirby companies was an intricate system of cross-collateralization which Kirby alleged was designed to allow the creditors to steal the assets of his companies. Receivers were appointed on February 1, 1904, the same day interest was due on <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1L4zAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA586" target="_blank">timber certificates</a> that had originally been issued for $11 million, but devalued down to $7 million. Of that, $6 million work of the certificates had been sold by Brown Brothers, while being guaranteed by Houston Oil Co.<b>[2]</b> The semi-annual payment was made by Brown Brothers & Co. in the amount of $700,000, including $210,000 interest, but only the interest was tendered to Maryland Trust, which was rejected. <br />
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The receivers appointed for Houston Oil were F.A. Reichardt, cashier of Planter's and Mechanic's National Bank of Houston (of which John H. Kirby was president) and Thomas H. Franklin, a San Antonio attorney, who was president of the Houston Oil Company. N.W. McLeod, a "prominent St. Louis lumber man," and B.F. Bonner, Kirby Lumber Company's vice president, who lived in Houston, were appointed as receivers for Kirby Lumber.<b>[3]</b> <br />
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A receiver not mentioned in the New York Times article at that time was Col. J.S. Rice, who, according to his obituary in the Houston Chronicle on March 12, 1931, had been in the sawmill business in Tyler since 1881, after starting as a clerk at the Houston & Texas Central Railroad in 1879 — a railroad extending west and north from Houston to the cotton fields of central Texas. Jo Rice served as receiver of Kirby Lumber from 1904 to 1909 and was elected vice president after it was reorganized. He was also president for a time of Great Southern Life Insurance, vice president of Houston Land Corp., and a director of Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. A nephew of William Marsh Rice, through marriage he was also related to both W.S. Farish and Stephen P. Farish--two brothers who had married Libbie Randon Rice and Lottie Rice, respectively, Jo Rice's sister and cousin.<br />
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The <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C05EFDC103DE633A25750C0A9649C946597D6CF" target="_blank">New York Times quoted Mr. Kirby</a> as saying that both companies were profitable, and "the only and sole cause of the present trouble lies in the fact that the securities issued the Houston Oil Company have not been marketable." The Times went on to say that<br />
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<span style="color: #444444;">... interests identified with the Atchison and with the St. Louis and San Francisco [<a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/search/label/Frisco%20Railroad" target="_blank">Frisco</a>] Railroads have a large interest in the Kirby Lumber Company. Representatives of several banking houses more or less closely associated with the two companies which have just been placed in receivers' hands said yesterday that the assets of the companies were of undoubted value, and that the proceedings were really the outcome of internal discord.<span style="color: black;"><b>[4]</b></span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">From the Galveston Daily News, February 4, 1904:</span><br />
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="background-color: white;">Houston, Tex., Feb. 3 --There was nothing new here today in connection with the affairs of the Kirby Lumber Company or the Houston Oil Company, both of which were given receivers by Judge McCormick of New Orleans. Affairs about the Planters and Mechanics National Bank moved along today as they do every day. There was no unusual deposit nor unusual withdrawal of money. In other words, they had their normal appearance all day. In connection with the affairs of the appointment of the receivers the following facts and figures show the status:</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #444444;">The Kirby Lumber Company was incorporated under Texas laws in July, 1901, capitalized at $10,000,000. Its object was to take over fifteen sawmills previously purchased by the Houston Oil Company of Texas. Financial aid was obtained from Eastern associates also interested in the Houston Oil Company of Texas, capitalized at $30,000.000. Stock of the Kirby Lumber Company is divided into $5,000,000 of common, and preferred shares of the same amount. The Kirby Lumber Company contracted with the Houston Oil Company for six and one-half billion feet of yellow pine timber of 12 inches diameter and upward, for the aggregate sum of $30,000,000, to be paid in semi-annual installments in sixteen years....The company owns 180,000 acres of land at Kountze easily worth $5,000,000. Other lands held by the company amount to 127,220 acres, readily marketable for at least $3,000,000.</span><br />
<span style="color: #444444;"> The temporary receivers of the Kirby Lumber Company and the Houston Oil Company have ordered a continuance of operations in the usual manner, and announcement is made that plans are being considered to terminate the receiverships when the cases are called before Judge Burns of the Southern District of Texas on February 17.</span></blockquote>
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On February 12, 1904 the New York Times contained a short item on page 14 stating that a committee of five had been chosen by the holders of the 6% timber certificates issued by Maryland Trust--George W. Young, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qNZIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=Dumont+Clarke%22+exchange&source=bl&ots=bgFTQZRfqF&sig=EuoIj_roHnixW-uYY1yI4ERIRig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitqrmCkJvLAhVI6SYKHQwGB8cQ6AEIJzAF#v=onepage&q=Dumont%20Clarke%22%20exchange&f=false" target="_blank">Dumont Clarke</a> (president of the American Exchange National Bank in New York and a director of U.S. Mortgage & Trust Co.), <a href="https://archive.org/stream/hundredyearsofme00browuoft#page/244/mode/2up/search/%22james+brown%22" target="_blank">James Brown</a> (chairman of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/hundredyearsofme00browuoft#page/202/mode/2up/search/%22james+brown%22" target="_blank">Brown Brothers</a>), Gerald L. Hoyt (who served as a director of the Wisconsin Central Railroad alongside Brown Brothers partner, John Crosby Brown), and F.S. Smithers. A week later, Kirby was again quoted in the Times, as follows:<br />
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<span style="color: #444444;">"A distinguished Wall Street operator undertook to finance the Houston Oil Company; had and exercised undisputed authority in the conduct of its affairs. He also directed the financial affairs of the Kirby Lumber Company until about a year ago, and during this period of his control caused the latter company to invest heavily in the preferred shares of his oil company....The <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=-_FYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA9-PA94" target="_blank">Board of Directors of the Houston Oil Company</a>, over the protest of the Wall Street promoter, who is still a member of the board, voted to accept the money and to request the Maryland Trust Company not to proceed, but the money was declined and the demand for receivership persisted in."</span></blockquote>
By the end of March of that year a lawsuit had been filed by members of a stock syndicate managed by two officers of the Baltimore Trust and Guaranty Company alleging misrepresentations made about the condition of the lumber company in the prospectus. The petition further alleged that one month prior to the appointment of receivers, Kirby formed a holding company with Benjamin F. Yoakum, president of the St. Louis and San Francisco Road, to which they transferred the majority of the Kirby Lumber Company stock, and that they formed the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1L4zAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA47" target="_blank">Houston, Beaumont and Northern Railroad Company</a>, to which Kirby Lumber's traction lines and other railroad properties were transferred. In addition, the HB&N RR Co. was capitalized at $500,000 with a bond issue of $1 million. Yoakum loaned the company $600,000 and in return received all the bonds, half the stock and $18,000 in commissions. The newly formed company used half the loan proceeds plus an additional $18,000 to repay a prior loan to Yoakum and his commission for this loan.<b>[5]</b><br />
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Surprisingly, we learn that in 1904 Yoakum was a director and on the executive committee of the board of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1L4zAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA49" target="_blank">Seaboard Air Line</a> railroad with people very close to the Alex. Brown bank, including Sol Davies Warfield, uncle of Wallis Simpson and others written about in <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013_07_01_archive.html?m=1" target="_blank">another blog</a> this author writes.<br />
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In 1906 <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/04/part-8-of-land-and-loot.html">Walter Monteith, brother of Edgar Monteith, Sr.</a> (who many years later became attorney for Gibraltar Savings and Brown & Root), was appointed to act as receiver on behalf of the investors.<b>[6]</b> A settlement was reached in 1908. Houston Oil owned several shallow oil wells in Nacogdoches County, all of the stock of Southwestern Oil Co. and properties of Southern Oil Co., as well as stock in Higgins Fuel and Oil Co., but for revenue it primarily relied on the stumpage agreement with Kirby Lumber. Because of more efficient equipment and the demand for timber for the railroad industry, the lumber company was better able in the next few years to meet its contract requirements, and virtually the same investors organized Houston Natural Gas Co. (HNG) in 1926.<br />
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Houston Pipe Line Co. was a wholly owned subsidiary of Houston Oil Company of Texas, and its stockholders formed HNG as a separate corporation a year before the pipe line company completed constructing distribution gas lines. Their hope was to compete with <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/05/spooky-houston-syndicate.html" target="_blank">Houston Gas and Fuel </a>(HG&F), of which Captain James A. Baker was president. HG&F had signed a contract to buy only from Houston Gulf Gas, and HNG therefore turned to the outlying areas and other cities in Harris County for customers. Shortly before the stock market crash in 1929, Houston Gulf Gas bought out HG&F and then merged with United Gas Corporation, a holding company, 42% of which was bought by Pennzoil (Zapata’s successor) in 1965, then divested by the SEC in 1970, creating a separate investor-owned corporation, United Gas, Inc.--later Entex. The two gas companies merged in 1976 and were later merged into Enron.<br />
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<b>[NOTE: The money can be followed directly from the Baker network into Enron.]</b></div>
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John H. Kirby had incorporated Houston Natural Gas in 1925 with eleven subscribers to the initial issue of capital stock issued on January 18, 1926: <br />
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<li><span style="color: #444444;">E.H. Buckner, president - 70 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">Louis Seymour Zimmerman, Baltimore (president of Maryland Trust Co.) - 70 shares </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">George Mackubin, Baltimore - 70 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">David Hannah, Houston - 40 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">Judge H.O. Head, Sherman, Texas - 40 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">McDonald Meachum, Houston - 40 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">C.B. McKinney, Houston - 40 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">H.M. Richter, Houston - 40 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">George A. Hill, Jr., Houston (father of Raymond M. Hill—discussed in Pete Brewton’s book, <i>The Mafia, the CIA and George Bush</i>) - 35 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">T.M. Kennerly, Houston - 35 shares</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">A.S. Henley, Houston - 20 shares</span></li>
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The following May, 1926, 1,500 additional shares were issued, with 140 each bought by the largest three investors, with Hannah and McKinney each buying 80 more. New shareholders of note were Samuel C. Davis (80), Thomas S. Maffit (80), John Foster Shepley (80), Samuel W. Fordyce (80), and N.A. McMillan (70), all of St. Louis, Missouri--part of the syndicate for which Prescott Bush's father-in-law, George Herbert "Bert" Walker, was already handling investments through his investment bank, G.H. Walker & Co.<b>[7]</b> </div>
After the 1926 sale of stock, the following geographical breakdown existed:<br />
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<li>Houston -- 1,100</li>
<li>Baltimore -- 430</li>
<li>St. Louis -- 390</li>
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Filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1976, just prior to the merger with Entex, show that directors of Houston Natural Gas included the following:<br />
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<li><span style="color: #444444;">John H. Duncan (also a member of the audit committee)--chairman of the board of Gulf Consolidated Services, Inc. in Houston and chairman of the executive committee of Gulf + Western Industries, Inc. in New York--since 1968, who owned 40,000 shares of HNG.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">C. Thomas Clagett, Jr. (also a member of the audit committee), whose occupation was investments in Washington, D.C.--who owned 252,226 shares individually plus over 700,000 additional shares as trustee for family members.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">J.A. Edwards, a board member since 1968, who was president of Liquid Carbonic Corp., an HNG subsidiary (42,596 shares).</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">W.S. Farish III, who was shown to be president of Fluorex Corp., an "international mineral and exploration company" in Houston (4,000 shares), grandson of Libbie Rice Farish.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">Robert R. Herring, chairman and CEO of HNG, director since 1964 (60,000 shares), husband of Charlie Wilson's girlfriend, Joanne Herring.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">M.D. Matthews, vice-chairman of board (32,482 shares).</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">Neil D. Naiden, partner of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, a Washington, D.C. law firm.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">Charles Rathgeb, chairman and CEO of Comstock International, Ltd. in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Interestingly enough, Robert Herring (at the time of his death married to a Houston "socialite," the former Joanne Johnson King) was also president of Rice University in 1980, shortly before his death, and John Duncan's brother, Charles Duncan, Jr., retired in 1996 as chairman of the Rice board, which had previously been headed by George Rufus Brown, brother of Herman Brown, co-founder of Brown & Root (later Halliburton).</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHSF-AcKRkquCp_3wYVgvAGHsOzHwCt1XwdUPZqFi9p7xoYufNX3nZsS1xbYEzZuk5s7LKCqzzfbGJwDcO5ETuIE8ILYvZKPUL9P0LSVbZWFOUZc9UVf1A9eHCaupdvDf0HuBHLwFG4zQ8/s1600/Joanne_Zia+1982.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHSF-AcKRkquCp_3wYVgvAGHsOzHwCt1XwdUPZqFi9p7xoYufNX3nZsS1xbYEzZuk5s7LKCqzzfbGJwDcO5ETuIE8ILYvZKPUL9P0LSVbZWFOUZc9UVf1A9eHCaupdvDf0HuBHLwFG4zQ8/s1600/Joanne_Zia+1982.jpg" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The newspaper misspelled the name of Pakistan's President--Zia ul Haq</span>. </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">HNG located its offices in 1927 in the Petroleum Building built by Irishman <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/04/part-7-of-land-and-loot.html">J.S. Cullinan</a>, where it remained until 1967, when it became the core tenant of Kenneth Schnitzer's office building at 1200 Travis. The primary attorney for the company was shareholder George A. Hill--of Kennerly, Williams, Lee, Hill & Sears--the father of Raymond Hill of Mainland Savings fame, to whom Pete Brewton devoted an entire chapter of his book. The foremost Houstonian shareholder was David Hannah who had arrived in Houston from Scotland in 1908 and was head of the Houston Cotton Exchange for a time. David Hannah Jr. would later be named a trustee of the Hermann Hospital Estate and serve alongside Walter Mischer, Jr. He would also attract investment from Toddie Lee Wynne, Jr. into a company called Space Services, Inc., which would launch the first private satellite into space from Matagorda Island, Texas.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">In 1956 Houston Oil Co. was sold to Atlantic Refining Co. for a quarter-billion dollars ($250 million). In 1966 Atlantic acquired Richfield Oil Corp., a company which had been placed in bankruptcy in 1928 when it had over $10 million in judgment claims resulting from canceled oil leases at the Elk Hills Naval Reserve, subject of the Teapot Dome scandal, to Pan American Petroleum, received by Richfield from Edward L. Doheny in 1928. The case was settled in 1933 for $5 million after broker Henry L. Doherty & Co. (60 Wall Street) made an exchange offer for 4 shares of Richfield for one share of Cities Service Co. stock. To protect its interest in the stock, Cities later purchased a large block of Richfield and Pan American bonds.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">It appears that these various oil companies owed interest on bonds to holders comprised of numerous foreign, mostly British, investors. According to a book written in 1972 by Charles S. Jones,<b>[8]</b> the former chairman of Richfield, as his very first act, once the decision was made to merge with Atlantic, was: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #444444;">... to go to London to visit my friend Sir Maurice R. Bridgeman, chairman of British Petroleum. While his company was very much interested in entering the United States market, British Petroleum needed government approval to use dollars, and Sir Maurice thought the market value of British Petroleum shares too low for an advantageous exchange of stock. The matter was left in abeyance until either party desired to explore it further.</span></span></blockquote>
Jones next offered to merge with K.S. "Boots" Adams--father of former Houston Oilers owner "Bud" Adams--who was chairman of Phillips Petroleum. Later, he set up talks with Standolind at Bunny Harriman's ranch in southeastern Idaho, "Railroad Ranch."<b>[9]</b> After news of this meeting was leaked by unknown sources, Richfield's stock increased, leading to an offer from Robert O. Anderson, chairman of Atlantic of Philadelphia, whom Jones met in August 1965, again at the Harrimans' ranch, leading one to believe that Brown Brothers had a big interest in a buyout of Richfield. After that meeting several other companies expressed an interest, but, according to Jones, "a curious event occurred." <br />
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">One of our Washington lawyers called to tell me that a Mr. Cladouhos, an Antitrust Division lawyer assigned to the case, had suggested that Richfield settle the suit by merging with Atlantic Refining Company. The division had earlier suggested a merger, but this was the first time it had named a partner. The suggestion seemed most unusual, but I concluded that Bob Anderson's lawyers had probably been exploring the Justice Department's attitude toward a merger with Richfield and had thus given Cladouhos this particular inspiration.</span><br /><br />As far back as 1959, when W. Alton Jones was still living, we had made a study of the possibility of merging Richfield, Sinclair, and Cities Service to form a national company strong enough to compete with the international majors. There was always the imponderable of the Justice Department's attitude, but we decided that we would never know the reaction until we tried....Cities Service already owned about 30 percent of Richfield.</span></blockquote>
When the merger was finally worked out, "Francis Kernan and others of the Boston-based investment bank, White, Weld & Company, represented Richfield."<b>[10]</b> The White, Weld investment bank, which in 1974 merged with G.H. Walker and Co., owned by then by G.H.W. Bush’s Uncle Herbie, his own financial patron. The <a href="https://www.larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1999/eirv26n47-19991126/eirv26n47-19991126_018-the_us_cant_afford_another_bush.pdf">White Weld-Walker amalgam also merged its London and Swiss operations with Crédit Suisse</a>, the premier drug-money-laundering institution of the day, and the domicile for the Bush-North "Enterprise" offshore bank accounts. <br />
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The Zimmerman who was named as a HNG shareholder was president of Maryland Trust from 1910 until 1930, when the company merged with Drovers and Mechanics National Bank and the Continental Trust Company, but continued to operate under the name of Maryland Trust, with Zimmerman as senior vice president until his retirement in 1948. Shareholder Mackubin was a senior partner in the brokerage firm of Mackubin, Goodrich & Co. and became a director of Houston Oil Co. in 1925.<br />
<br />
Continental Trust was operated by <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Warfield-1863-1927-occasion-Waldorf-Astoria-introductory/dp/B004IOLND2?ie=UTF8&tag=quixot-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969">Solomon Warfield</a>, the uncle of Wallis Simpson —Duchess of Windsor. Solomon Warfield acquired a number of shares of Alleghany preferred stock, "issued in a storm of controversy by the banker J.P. Morgan, who was a chief investor for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at the time they were Duke and Duchess of York," for his niece, which she inherited upon his death in 1927. This stock had always been her "first investment favorite," according to her biographer Charles Higham.<b>[11]</b> When the Duke and Duchess became friends with Alleghany’s Robert Young, allegedly after being introduced by mutual friend Robert Foskett after the Windsors moved to the Bahamas, Young and his wife Anita became one of their few close friends. Both Foskett and Young were directors of Alleghany and lived in Palm Beach, Florida. When Warfield died, he left her only "the interest from $15,000 worth of shares in his railroad companies and in the related Alleghany Company and in the Texas Company [later Texaco]. She had expected a slice of his $5 million, and she furiously began a lawsuit against the trustees of the estate, in the form of a caveat."<b>[12]</b> <br />
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In 1937 Allan Kirby gained virtual control of Alleghany. Not long thereafter Texan, Clint Murchison, would be introduced to the Duke and Duchess of Windsor by mutual friend Allan Kirby, and another Houstonian, George R. Brown, would become an Alleghany director. In such cases, it seems very likely that the person holding title to the stock and acting as a director is a mere nominee for someone who does not wish to have his or her name disclosed.<br />
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This leads one to wonder whether George and Herman Brown really owned Brown & Root, or whether they were primarily nominees for someone else, or whether they were simply very dependent upon the other capital invested in their corporations--all of them handled by the investment bank of Dillon Read, specifically by August Belmont IV, thought to be working on behalf of his patron, Rothschild Bank, which handled American investments for royal British capital. George and Herman were nobody before 1942, but almost overnight George Brown became Lyndon Johnson's chief financier and a director of major multi-national corporations, and for many years served as chairman of Rice University. After the death of Herman Brown, Brown & Root would be sold to and become a subsidiary of the Halliburton Company, the company to which Vice-President Dick Cheney is so closely tied. The sale proceeds set up the Brown Foundation, managed by, among others, Edgar Monteith and Fayez Sarofim, the investor/husband of Herman Brown's adopted daughter, Louisa Stude.<br />
<br />
Sarofim was born in Egypt, but obtained a bachelor’s degree in food technology
from the University of California and an MBA from Harvard Business School. In 1958 he established Fayez
Sarofim & Co. in Houston, though his first job in Texas was in the Abilene branch of Anderson Clayton cotton merchants, where he became close to Edward Randall III and his circle of friends. Herman Brown's adopted daughter Louisa Stude was in the same circle. After their marriage, Herman Brown's new son-in-law began managing the corporate
retirement fund for Brown & Root and the endowment of William Marsh
Rice University, then valued at $63 million. Herman himself died in 1962, and Sarofim thus stepped up in managing a big part of the Brown & Root wealth.<br />
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Names of Halliburton directors may give an idea about the corporation's other major shareholders. In 1976, for example, they included Alex E. Barron, president of Canadian General Investments, Robert J. Bradley, a director since 1952, owner of only 700 shares, whose occupation was "personal investments." F.A. Calvert, Jr., a director since 1965, was also an investor. Ford M. Graham was an oil and gas consultant, and the <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Henry_Hepburne-Scott,_10th_Lord_Polwarth" target="_blank">10th Lord Polwarth</a> (Henry Alexander Hepburne-Scott) was and outside director from the Bank of Scotland from 1974 to 1987. At the time this report was made, Joseph A. Thomas, a partner in Lehman Brothers, was retiring from the board. Thomas, a Texan, had been "lent" to Schenley Distillers as administrative assistant shortly after Lehmans brought out the original issue of Halliburton stock in 1933, just after repeal of the 18th Amendment. <b>[13] </b><br />
<br />
Entex was the successor corporation to Houston Gas & Fuel formed by Captain James A. Baker of Baker, Botts probably for his major client, the Rice family or Rice Institute itself. Baker was president and had signed a contract to buy only from Houston Gulf Gas, preventing any competition in its market from upstart company, Houston Natural Gas, which was forced to market its product outside the city of Houston. Eventually, HG&F merged into Houston Natural Gas in 1976, and later became Enron. <br />
<br />
If all the original shareholders retained their shares in the initial companies, Enron would be controlled by the families of the Rices, Farishes and the stockholders of the Maryland Trust Co., which put John Henry Kirby in receivership in the early days of the 20th century. But of course people do sell their stock or die and pass it along to heirs and devisees. Nevertheless, it would be fascinating to see who the major stockholders in Enron were in 2001 when it cratered, and took so much with it, only a matter of days following the destruction of the World Trade Center Buildings in New York on September 11.<br />
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Originally published at this blog on </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">May 3, 2011 as </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Pakistan's old friend, Joanne Herring of Houston."</span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"><b>ENDNOTES:</b> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">1</span>]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Tesoro Petroleum Corporation, has an equally fascinating history as Enron, as seen from this <i>excerpt from 1965</i>: "There's some local confusion over the proposed stock interchange of Coronet Petroleum Corp. of Houston and the Texstar Corp. of San Antonio. Coronet is the former Gulf Coast Leaseholders, Inc. Texstar is the holding company organized a decade or so ago by the late <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/10/from-sam-houston-to-howard-lay-burris.html">Tom Slick</a> of San Antonio, and purchased last year by <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2012/06/elliott-roosevelts-radio-network.html">Amon Carter</a> Jr., of Fort Worth, and others. William T. Rhame of San Antonio is president of Texstar. Burford King, Fort Worth who became president of Gulf Coast Leaseholds before its name was changed to Coronet last year, was one, of those listed as the purchasers of the old Slick firm. Then, reportedly, the [Amon] Carter group sold its Texstar stock to Gulf Coast and this group became the controlling interest of the Texstar Corp. All this was last summer. In the fall, Bob West of San Antonio, who had been head of the Texstar Petroleum Corp., subsidiary of the corporation of the same name, set up his own company and purchased the petroleum subsidiary from the parent corporation. West's new company is Tesoro Petroleum Corp. Now, Coronet Petroleum stockholders will meet April 15 in Houston to vote on an agreement whereby Texstar Corp. would assume control of Coronet Petroleum stock. The ratio would be one share of Texstar stock for each 5.8 shares of Coronet stock. As of Jan. 1 Tex Star Oil & Gas Corp. of Dallas changed its name to Texas Oil & Gas to avoid confusion in the public's mind over it and the Texstar Corp. of San Antonio. Louis Becherl Jr., of Dallas heads this firm which has no connection with Texstar Corp." [Source: San Antonio, TX EXPRESS/NEWS - April 4, 1965]<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[2]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i>New York Times</i>, February 2, 1904, p. 11.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[3]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> <i>New York Times</i>, February 3, 1904, p. 11.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[4]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> <i>New York Times</i>, February 3, 1904, p. 11.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[5]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> <i>New York Times</i>, March 30, 1904, p. 12.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[6]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> It should be noted that both <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/04/part-8-of-land-and-loot.html">George and Herman Brown and the Monteiths</a> previously hailed from Bell County, where several surveys of land were patented to a Monteith. It might be interesting to learn whether the Browns may have been related to the family of brokers.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[7]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Samuel Davis, born in 1871, was a son of John Tilden Davis, and his
brother was none other than Dwight Filley Davis for whom the Davis Cup
was named. When he obtained a passport in 1918, Samuel Craft Davis
called himself president of the John T. Davis Estate and stated he was
traveling to France and England to work on behalf of the <a href="http://unitedwarwork.com/groups/young-mens-christian-association/" target="_blank">YMCA's War Work Council</a>. More will be said about his family and about John Foster Shepley in future posts at this blog.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[8]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Charles S. Jones, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Rio-Grande-Arctic-Richfield-Corporation/dp/0806109769?ie=UTF8&tag=quixot-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">From the Rio Grande to the Arctic</a><img alt="" border="0" class="wtwrspkemcpgylkzxiir" height="1" src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=quixot-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0806109769" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" />: The Story of the Richfield Oil Corporation</i> (Norman, Okla: Univ. of Okla. Press, 1972), p. 308.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[9]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Remarkably it was in Sun Valley, the Harrimans' ski resort, where Warren Buffet <img alt="" border="0" class="wtwrspkemcpgylkzxiir" height="1" src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=quixot-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0816058946" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" />and Disney's chairman bumped into each other accidentally and decided to merge.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";">[10]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "univers" , "sans-serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">Keep in mind that at that time, the Hannah family appeared to be major shareholders of Houston Natural Gas. <span style="color: #990000;">David Hannah was also chairman of a private company competing with NASA,</span> with a land development company with a Scottish name, and with an amusement company started near the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport in 1955 by Robert Bernerd Anderson, trustee of the Waggoner estate, lawyers <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/04/excerpt-from-peter-dale-scott-deep.html">Toddie Lee and Angus Wynne</a>, who wanted Bill Zeckendorf to help develop as an industrial and distribution center. Zeckendorf brought in the Rockefeller Brothers' investment company. Angus Wynne was the father of <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/03/deep-politics-in-dallas.html">Bedford Wynne</a>, who was not only an employee of the Murchison family, but a minor partner with Clint W. Murchison, Jr. in the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/03/off-boards.html">Dallas Cowboys football team</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> If this director was actually oilman, Robert <b><u>O.</u> </b>Anderson (as distinguished from Eisenhower Treasury Secretary Robert B. Anderson), it is interesting to explore this link between him, David Hannah and the Wynnes, since he would also add into the mix a connection with John Dick and Walter Mischer. </span></span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mischer's connection to Robert O. Anderson involves a 250,000-acre ranch near Big Bend National Park that Mischer owned with Anderson. According to Pete Brewton, John Dick "had Anderson over to his house for dinner, while Anderson invited Dick to his annual Christmas dinner for the 'world's most powerful men' at the Claridge Hotel in London. The only woman in attendance . . . was then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher." Brewton, p. 274. Both Mischer and John Dick also both borrowed money from Hill Financial Savings of Pennsylvania, one of the companies involved in the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/03/land-and-loot-how-to-on-money.html">St. Joe Paper transaction</a>. Anderson's father was Hugo A. Anderson, a leading oil and gas banker at First National Bank of Chicago. When Robert O. retired from AtlanticRichfield, he went into an oil and gas partnership with Tiny Rowland, considered by some to be a front for the British monarchy. In 1975 HNG directors included John H. Duncan and W.S. Farish III. In 1976 the company merged with Entex and later with Enron. </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> [11]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Charles Higham, <i>The Duchess of Windsor: The Secret Life</i> (New York: Charter Books, 1989), p. 387.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> [12]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Higham, p. 67.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , "sans-serif";"> [13]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Wechsburg, p. 248.</span></span></div>
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